Ahmed Md Shakeel, Hossain Md Zakir, Rashid Md Mamunur, Ahmad Istiak, Islam Md Zahirul, Hossain Meherab, Rabbi Hasan
Background: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a significant global health threat. In this study, we investigated the antibody response in five-time intervals following the COVISHEILD first, second, and booster doses vaccination in previously infected and previously non-infected individuals. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional prospective study that took place at the Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID), Fouzderhat, Chittagong, in 46 individuals who received the COVISHEILD vaccine from February 2021 to January 2022. Blood samples were collected from vaccine recipients at five different time points (Baseline: Day 0 before 1st vaccine dose, 3 weeks, 2 months (before 2nd dose), 6 months, and 1 year after a booster dose) to measure the levels of S-RDB IgG antibodies using the EUROIMMUN Anti-S-Rose Disease Bioinfection assay test kits (Lübeck, Germany). Results: The study reveals that individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significant increase in antibody levels after receiving the first vaccine dose, reaching 145.51 units at 3 weeks post-vaccination. This response remained stable at 117.6 units at 3 months and slightly declined to 103.26 units at 6 months, indicating a sustained immune response. For previously non-infected individuals, vaccination induced a strong immune response, with antibody levels of 159.62 units at 3 weeks, increasing to 150 units at 3 months, and then slightly declining to 87.84 units at 6 months. Despite the decline, antibody levels at 6 months and 1 year were notably higher than the pre-vaccination baseline of 0 units, indicating the development of a durable immune response following vaccination. In the <40 years age group, individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a substantial boost in antibody levels after receiving the first vaccine dose, reaching 198.61 units at 3 weeks post-vaccination. The response remained stable at 122.22 units at 3 months and declined to 73.7 units at 6 months, followed by a rise to 263.85 units at 1 year. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that tailoring vaccination approaches based on gender differences and considering vaccination in both previously and non-infected individuals will aid in optimizing immune responses and combatting the COVID-19 epidemic effectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response following COVISHEILD vaccination: A comparison between previously infected and non-infected cohorts","authors":"Ahmed Md Shakeel, Hossain Md Zakir, Rashid Md Mamunur, Ahmad Istiak, Islam Md Zahirul, Hossain Meherab, Rabbi Hasan","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000058","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a significant global health threat. In this study, we investigated the antibody response in five-time intervals following the COVISHEILD first, second, and booster doses vaccination in previously infected and previously non-infected individuals. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional prospective study that took place at the Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID), Fouzderhat, Chittagong, in 46 individuals who received the COVISHEILD vaccine from February 2021 to January 2022. Blood samples were collected from vaccine recipients at five different time points (Baseline: Day 0 before 1st vaccine dose, 3 weeks, 2 months (before 2nd dose), 6 months, and 1 year after a booster dose) to measure the levels of S-RDB IgG antibodies using the EUROIMMUN Anti-S-Rose Disease Bioinfection assay test kits (Lübeck, Germany). Results: The study reveals that individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significant increase in antibody levels after receiving the first vaccine dose, reaching 145.51 units at 3 weeks post-vaccination. This response remained stable at 117.6 units at 3 months and slightly declined to 103.26 units at 6 months, indicating a sustained immune response. For previously non-infected individuals, vaccination induced a strong immune response, with antibody levels of 159.62 units at 3 weeks, increasing to 150 units at 3 months, and then slightly declining to 87.84 units at 6 months. Despite the decline, antibody levels at 6 months and 1 year were notably higher than the pre-vaccination baseline of 0 units, indicating the development of a durable immune response following vaccination. In the <40 years age group, individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a substantial boost in antibody levels after receiving the first vaccine dose, reaching 198.61 units at 3 weeks post-vaccination. The response remained stable at 122.22 units at 3 months and declined to 73.7 units at 6 months, followed by a rise to 263.85 units at 1 year. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that tailoring vaccination approaches based on gender differences and considering vaccination in both previously and non-infected individuals will aid in optimizing immune responses and combatting the COVID-19 epidemic effectively.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127741376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The compromised function and environment of the immune system in individuals with cancer create a scenario in which the immune system fails to effectively identify and eliminate cancer cells. As a result, tumors can thrive and avoid detection by the immune system, leading to the progression of the disease. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these immune-related challenges is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments, including immunotherapies, which aim to enhance the immune response against cancer. In addition to conventional treatments, dietary interventions have shown potential in supporting cancer patients by improving their immune function through nutritional support, influencing the gut microbiome, boosting the immune system, and other means. It is crucial to note that these dietary interventions should be tailored to each individual cancer patient, considering their specific requirements, preferences, and tolerances. This review seeks to underscore the significance of implementing well-adapted and appropriate dietary approaches to enhance the anticancer immunity of cancer patients.
{"title":"Dietary intervention in enhancing immunity of cancer patients","authors":"H. Rui, Yuqian Wang","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000057","url":null,"abstract":"The compromised function and environment of the immune system in individuals with cancer create a scenario in which the immune system fails to effectively identify and eliminate cancer cells. As a result, tumors can thrive and avoid detection by the immune system, leading to the progression of the disease. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these immune-related challenges is essential for the development of effective cancer treatments, including immunotherapies, which aim to enhance the immune response against cancer. In addition to conventional treatments, dietary interventions have shown potential in supporting cancer patients by improving their immune function through nutritional support, influencing the gut microbiome, boosting the immune system, and other means. It is crucial to note that these dietary interventions should be tailored to each individual cancer patient, considering their specific requirements, preferences, and tolerances. This review seeks to underscore the significance of implementing well-adapted and appropriate dietary approaches to enhance the anticancer immunity of cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123626416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaoui Nassime, Boukabous Amina, I. Nabil, Babou Katia, Benamara Sabrina
Background: The PDA defines the pathological persistence after the birth of a fetal physiological communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery frequently encountered in preterm infants and whose clinical and hemodynamic consequences depend on the importance of the shunt directly bound to the diameter of the canal. Percutaneous closure is the most frequent management modality with excellent immediate and long-term results (two modes of closure: using coil or Occluder). The surgery remains reserved for complex anatomies or associated with other surgical congenital anomalies. Case presentation: We detail in this document the two methods of percutaneous closure step by step illustrated by pediatric cases. The first case concerns a 7 years old girl of 17 kg weight with a history of heart murmur that presented in the TTE a PDA estimated at 1mm with LV dilation. The second case concerns a 12 years old girl of 30 kg weight with also a history of heart murmur that presented on TTE a PDA of 4.5mm with LV dilation. Therapeutic intervention: In the first case, we perform a closure with coil 5/5 by a unique femoral arterial approach as a standardized attitude in our center avoiding additional venous access. For the second case, we opted for closure with prosthesis N° 6/8 by a double femoral approach (arterial and venous access). Outcomes: The follow-up was favorable for both patients, with total sealing of the defect immediately after the procedures that persist during the 6 months of control. Conclusion: The closure of PDA in children is a challenging procedure whose safety requires a good pre-and per-procedural evaluation allowing the right choice of the method and size of the closing device. The respect of the different closure stages and the critical per procedural ultrasound and angiographic control reduce the rate of complications making this technique accessible and safe. In our series of 108 PDA closures by Coil in children, the unique femoral arterial approach is the standardized attitude in the first line in all patients avoiding additional venous access, which allows the Coil release in the basic technique while the arterial access allows opacification and measurement of the channel. The unique arterial approach has reduced the risk of local complications at the puncture site and the duration of the procedure without difference in closure efficiency and embolization risk. In our series of 92 PDA closures by Occluder in children the double femoral approach is the standardized attitude for all patients, the venous access allows the device release while the arterial access allows opacification/ measurement of the channel and control device deployment.
{"title":"Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) closure: When and how to close Coil VS Occluder “step by step” cases report","authors":"Zaoui Nassime, Boukabous Amina, I. Nabil, Babou Katia, Benamara Sabrina","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The PDA defines the pathological persistence after the birth of a fetal physiological communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery frequently encountered in preterm infants and whose clinical and hemodynamic consequences depend on the importance of the shunt directly bound to the diameter of the canal. Percutaneous closure is the most frequent management modality with excellent immediate and long-term results (two modes of closure: using coil or Occluder). The surgery remains reserved for complex anatomies or associated with other surgical congenital anomalies. Case presentation: We detail in this document the two methods of percutaneous closure step by step illustrated by pediatric cases. The first case concerns a 7 years old girl of 17 kg weight with a history of heart murmur that presented in the TTE a PDA estimated at 1mm with LV dilation. The second case concerns a 12 years old girl of 30 kg weight with also a history of heart murmur that presented on TTE a PDA of 4.5mm with LV dilation. Therapeutic intervention: In the first case, we perform a closure with coil 5/5 by a unique femoral arterial approach as a standardized attitude in our center avoiding additional venous access. For the second case, we opted for closure with prosthesis N° 6/8 by a double femoral approach (arterial and venous access). Outcomes: The follow-up was favorable for both patients, with total sealing of the defect immediately after the procedures that persist during the 6 months of control. Conclusion: The closure of PDA in children is a challenging procedure whose safety requires a good pre-and per-procedural evaluation allowing the right choice of the method and size of the closing device. The respect of the different closure stages and the critical per procedural ultrasound and angiographic control reduce the rate of complications making this technique accessible and safe. In our series of 108 PDA closures by Coil in children, the unique femoral arterial approach is the standardized attitude in the first line in all patients avoiding additional venous access, which allows the Coil release in the basic technique while the arterial access allows opacification and measurement of the channel. The unique arterial approach has reduced the risk of local complications at the puncture site and the duration of the procedure without difference in closure efficiency and embolization risk. In our series of 92 PDA closures by Occluder in children the double femoral approach is the standardized attitude for all patients, the venous access allows the device release while the arterial access allows opacification/ measurement of the channel and control device deployment.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adu-Fokuo Douglas, C. Feng, Yin Emily, Giwa Elizabeth
Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), globally there is an estimated 200,000 cases of Yellow Fever Virus yearly, causing 30,000 deaths annually, with 90% of cases occurring in Africa. Where about 20% to 50% of people who get infected and develop severe symptoms from the yellow fever virus die. WHO report showed that Ghana was among 27 African countries with a high risk of yellow fever outbreak at any time. In response, there was a need to amplify the immunization campaign against yellow fever. Ghana in collaboration with WHO, GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, and UNICEF began a sub-national campaign to vaccinate approximately 5.3 million people against yellow fever targeting people between ages 10 and 60 years from November 28 to December 4, 2018. 459 Adverse Events Following the Immunization (AEFI) in Ghana were reported from 28th November 2018 to 1st January 2019. The yellow fever vaccine is regarded as one of the safest, but with few adverse events. Therefore, there is a need to assess the severity of the reported adverse events following immunization in the 2018 sub-national yellow fever immunization program in Ghana. Objective: To study the Seriousness of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination in Ghana. Methodology: A retrospective review of AEFI data through a surveillance system during a Yellow Fever vaccination campaign in Ghana. The data comprised suspected 459 adverse events following the immunization (AEFI). The reported AEFI from 28th November 2018 to 1st January 2019 was used for this study as secondary data. A total of 5.3 million people were vaccinated. All vaccine recipients were between the ages of 10 years to 60 years. Data were analyzed using frequencies and descriptive statistics in STATA version 15. Findings and discussions: The study showed 459 (0.00086%) per 5.3 million recipients reported adverse events. The AEFI occurred mostly among females and persons aged 30-39 years. Out of the 459 recipients with adverse events, 432 (99.3%) recovered, and 3 (0.7%) died. The most common adverse event per region, sex, and age group is fever. The study also revealed AEFIs may have contributed to the death of 3 (0.000056%) per 5.3 million recipients. However, a causality assessment done by the Vaccine Safety Review Committee of independent experts showed no causality between the reported AEFI (deaths) and the YF vaccination. This indicates that the benefits of the vaccination outweigh the risk of adverse events or fatalities. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the benefits of the Yellow Fever Vaccination (YFV 17D) outweigh the risk of adverse events or fatalities. Reported Adverse Events following the 2018 sub-national yellow fever vaccination per 5.3 million recipients were 459 representing 0.0086%. There was no causality between reported deaths 3 (0.000056%) and the YF immunization. The adverse events that follow yellow fever immunization are not strong and suggest that most of th
背景:根据疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的数据，全球每年估计有20万例黄热病病毒，每年造成3万人死亡，其中90%的病例发生在非洲。大约20%到50%的人感染并出现严重的黄热病病毒症状后死亡。世卫组织的报告显示，加纳是27个非洲国家中黄热病随时爆发的高风险国家之一。为此，有必要扩大针对黄热病的免疫运动。加纳与世卫组织、全球疫苗免疫联盟、疫苗联盟和联合国儿童基金会合作，于2018年11月28日至12月4日开展了一项次国家级运动，为大约530万人接种黄热病疫苗，目标人群为10至60岁的人群。2018年11月28日至2019年1月1日，加纳报告了459起免疫接种后不良事件。黄热病疫苗被认为是最安全的疫苗之一，但几乎没有不良事件。因此，有必要评估加纳2018年次国家级黄热病免疫规划中免疫接种后报告的不良事件的严重程度。目的:研究加纳黄热病疫苗接种后不良事件的严重程度。方法:在加纳黄热病疫苗接种运动期间通过监测系统对AEFI数据进行回顾性审查。数据包括免疫接种后疑似459起不良事件(AEFI)。本研究使用2018年11月28日至2019年1月1日报告的AEFI作为次要数据。总共有530万人接种了疫苗。所有疫苗接种者的年龄在10岁至60岁之间。使用STATA version 15中的频率和描述性统计分析数据。研究结果和讨论:研究显示，每530万接受者中有459人(0.00086%)报告了不良事件。AEFI主要发生在女性和30-39岁人群中。459例有不良事件的受者中，432例(99.3%)康复，3例(0.7%)死亡。各地区、性别和年龄组最常见的不良事件是发烧。该研究还显示，每530万接受aefi治疗者中有3人(0.000056%)死亡。然而，由独立专家组成的疫苗安全审查委员会进行的因果关系评估显示，报告的急性急性呼吸道感染(死亡)与接种YF疫苗之间没有因果关系。这表明疫苗接种的益处大于不良事件或死亡的风险。结论:总之，发现黄热病疫苗接种(YFV 17D)的益处大于不良事件或死亡的风险。2018年次国家级黄热病疫苗接种后报告的不良事件为每530万接种者459例，占0.0086%。报告的死亡3(0.000056%)与儿童免疫接种之间没有因果关系。黄热病免疫接种后的不良事件并不严重，这表明大多数应答者在接种疫苗后没有产生严重后果。因此，在加纳及其境外，接种YF疫苗使数百万人免于疫苗可预防的潜在死亡，其危害并不大于健康益处。
{"title":"Study of adverse events following 2018 sub-national yellow fever vaccination in Ghana","authors":"Adu-Fokuo Douglas, C. Feng, Yin Emily, Giwa Elizabeth","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), globally there is an estimated 200,000 cases of Yellow Fever Virus yearly, causing 30,000 deaths annually, with 90% of cases occurring in Africa. Where about 20% to 50% of people who get infected and develop severe symptoms from the yellow fever virus die. WHO report showed that Ghana was among 27 African countries with a high risk of yellow fever outbreak at any time. In response, there was a need to amplify the immunization campaign against yellow fever. Ghana in collaboration with WHO, GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, and UNICEF began a sub-national campaign to vaccinate approximately 5.3 million people against yellow fever targeting people between ages 10 and 60 years from November 28 to December 4, 2018. 459 Adverse Events Following the Immunization (AEFI) in Ghana were reported from 28th November 2018 to 1st January 2019. The yellow fever vaccine is regarded as one of the safest, but with few adverse events. Therefore, there is a need to assess the severity of the reported adverse events following immunization in the 2018 sub-national yellow fever immunization program in Ghana. Objective: To study the Seriousness of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination in Ghana. Methodology: A retrospective review of AEFI data through a surveillance system during a Yellow Fever vaccination campaign in Ghana. The data comprised suspected 459 adverse events following the immunization (AEFI). The reported AEFI from 28th November 2018 to 1st January 2019 was used for this study as secondary data. A total of 5.3 million people were vaccinated. All vaccine recipients were between the ages of 10 years to 60 years. Data were analyzed using frequencies and descriptive statistics in STATA version 15. Findings and discussions: The study showed 459 (0.00086%) per 5.3 million recipients reported adverse events. The AEFI occurred mostly among females and persons aged 30-39 years. Out of the 459 recipients with adverse events, 432 (99.3%) recovered, and 3 (0.7%) died. The most common adverse event per region, sex, and age group is fever. The study also revealed AEFIs may have contributed to the death of 3 (0.000056%) per 5.3 million recipients. However, a causality assessment done by the Vaccine Safety Review Committee of independent experts showed no causality between the reported AEFI (deaths) and the YF vaccination. This indicates that the benefits of the vaccination outweigh the risk of adverse events or fatalities. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the benefits of the Yellow Fever Vaccination (YFV 17D) outweigh the risk of adverse events or fatalities. Reported Adverse Events following the 2018 sub-national yellow fever vaccination per 5.3 million recipients were 459 representing 0.0086%. There was no causality between reported deaths 3 (0.000056%) and the YF immunization. The adverse events that follow yellow fever immunization are not strong and suggest that most of th","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116090546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alopecia areata, which is a condition with characteristic regional hair loss on the top of the head, is quite common in outpatient departments and clinics. The hair loss is rather rapid during the acute phase and the development into a severe form of alopecia may be related to the younger onset, along with nail changes, family history of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthmatic bronchitis, etc., or other autoimmune diseases. Physically, a large area of hair loss can be observed, as well as other typical features, including broken hair roots and exclamation mark hairs. The classic histopathological sign is the infiltration of lymphocytes around the hair follicles. Moreover, alopecia is not limited to the scalp, and hairs on any part of the body are subjected to the effect of this disease.
{"title":"Alopecia areata","authors":"Chen Chieh","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000054","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia areata, which is a condition with characteristic regional hair loss on the top of the head, is quite common in outpatient departments and clinics. The hair loss is rather rapid during the acute phase and the development into a severe form of alopecia may be related to the younger onset, along with nail changes, family history of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthmatic bronchitis, etc., or other autoimmune diseases. Physically, a large area of hair loss can be observed, as well as other typical features, including broken hair roots and exclamation mark hairs. The classic histopathological sign is the infiltration of lymphocytes around the hair follicles. Moreover, alopecia is not limited to the scalp, and hairs on any part of the body are subjected to the effect of this disease.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121745776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has been subject to intensive interest since its appearance in 2019, with the risk of severe course being significantly higher for adult patients with hematological malignancy. Results on a two-dose, standard vaccination regimen in patients with hematological cancer have identified risk populations with poor vaccination outcomes (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, anti-CD20 treatment, etc.). Thus, a booster dose was anticipated with hopes of inducing an immune response in formerly non-respondent individuals. We have vaccinated 394 patients with hematological cancer with the third dose of the mRNA BNT 162b2 COMIRNATY vaccine. Our results show promise, especially for increasing protective antibody levels in patients who retain valid antibody titers. We also identify problematic populations such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which still represent a major challenge for prophylaxis and protection against a severe course of COVID-19. Our report brings more insight into vaccination results and behavior. Importantly, we have identified risk groups in which poor outcomes can be anticipated and what extensive preventive measures should be undertaken to avoid COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Effect of a third booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with haematological cancer after the initial two-dose vaccination - a single centre report","authors":"Ondrej Šušol, Barbora Šušolová, R. Hájek","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000052","url":null,"abstract":"Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has been subject to intensive interest since its appearance in 2019, with the risk of severe course being significantly higher for adult patients with hematological malignancy. Results on a two-dose, standard vaccination regimen in patients with hematological cancer have identified risk populations with poor vaccination outcomes (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, anti-CD20 treatment, etc.). Thus, a booster dose was anticipated with hopes of inducing an immune response in formerly non-respondent individuals. We have vaccinated 394 patients with hematological cancer with the third dose of the mRNA BNT 162b2 COMIRNATY vaccine. Our results show promise, especially for increasing protective antibody levels in patients who retain valid antibody titers. We also identify problematic populations such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which still represent a major challenge for prophylaxis and protection against a severe course of COVID-19. Our report brings more insight into vaccination results and behavior. Importantly, we have identified risk groups in which poor outcomes can be anticipated and what extensive preventive measures should be undertaken to avoid COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129752692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adult-onset Still’s disease is a rare systemic disease while macrophage activation syndrome is a fulminant complication of Still’s disease. As mortality is high in macrophage activation syndrome, prompt diagnosis is crucial to commence definitive management. Adult-onset Still’s disease is a rare systemic disease while macrophage activation syndrome is a fulminant complication of Still’s disease. As mortality is high in macrophage activation syndrome, prompt diagnosis is crucial to commence definitive management. Macrophage activation syndrome is a complication of adult-onset Still’s disease. When first-line immunosuppressives fail, second-line medications including biologic therapy can be considered with good results.
{"title":"Adult-onset Still’s disease complicated with macrophage activation syndrome: A case report","authors":"Perera Mnsk, Gunapala A","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000051","url":null,"abstract":"Adult-onset Still’s disease is a rare systemic disease while macrophage activation syndrome is a fulminant complication of Still’s disease. As mortality is high in macrophage activation syndrome, prompt diagnosis is crucial to commence definitive management. Adult-onset Still’s disease is a rare systemic disease while macrophage activation syndrome is a fulminant complication of Still’s disease. As mortality is high in macrophage activation syndrome, prompt diagnosis is crucial to commence definitive management. Macrophage activation syndrome is a complication of adult-onset Still’s disease. When first-line immunosuppressives fail, second-line medications including biologic therapy can be considered with good results.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121104235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macrophages are important cells of the immune system and are sufficiently plastic to polarize either an M1 state or M2 state. Depending on the signals received from different intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the macrophage polarity is determined. These cells are distributed in every tissue of the body and are also found as circulating cells in the bloodstream called ‘monocytes’. Natural products may be one extrinsic factor to modulate macrophage polarization. It is important to understand the mechanism by which natural products drive the polarization of macrophages. Based on recent advancements in the understanding of immunology, macrophages are classified as classically activated and alternatively activated, also designated as M1 and M2 macrophages respectively. The resident brain macrophages (microglia) get activated under stress and attain the M1 macrophage phenotype which is related to inflammatory mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration while treatment with plant-derived natural compounds drives the M1 microglia towards the M2 type which prevents the inflammatory response and protects the neurons. Understanding the mechanism of polarization of macrophages by natural compounds will be useful in treating different types of inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of macrophage polarization using plant-derived natural compounds and their ability to regulate the pathophysiology of the tissues.
{"title":"Role of plant-derived natural compounds in macrophage polarization","authors":"Mishra Kp, Bakshi Jyotsana, Singh Mrinalini, Saraswat Deepika, G. Lilly, Varshney Rajeev","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000050","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophages are important cells of the immune system and are sufficiently plastic to polarize either an M1 state or M2 state. Depending on the signals received from different intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the macrophage polarity is determined. These cells are distributed in every tissue of the body and are also found as circulating cells in the bloodstream called ‘monocytes’. Natural products may be one extrinsic factor to modulate macrophage polarization. It is important to understand the mechanism by which natural products drive the polarization of macrophages. Based on recent advancements in the understanding of immunology, macrophages are classified as classically activated and alternatively activated, also designated as M1 and M2 macrophages respectively. The resident brain macrophages (microglia) get activated under stress and attain the M1 macrophage phenotype which is related to inflammatory mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration while treatment with plant-derived natural compounds drives the M1 microglia towards the M2 type which prevents the inflammatory response and protects the neurons. Understanding the mechanism of polarization of macrophages by natural compounds will be useful in treating different types of inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of macrophage polarization using plant-derived natural compounds and their ability to regulate the pathophysiology of the tissues.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130908219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onate Tenorio Maria de los Santos, Eslava Maria Perez, Tenorio Antonio Onate
Throughout the history of medicine, vaccines have been one of the most used weapons by humans to prevent diseases and create immunity, having a great impact on both society and the health of individuals and communities, constituting an authentic guarantee to achieve stability and the maintenance of the public health of the population. In this monograph, a compilation, reflective, detailed, and specific study of vaccines within the history of medicine are carried out through a bibliographic search to know in depth the vaccines, their origin, evolution, and role-played throughout all time. Vaccination is one of the greatest advances in public health at the global, national, community, and individual levels, the introduction of immunization has allowed unquestionable benefits, impacting social systems, reducing the cost of treatments, and the incidence of infectious diseases and the mortality from them. Vaccines will have, among others, a social and economic impact, since preventing diseases favors the economic level, the quality of life, and social well-being. Vaccines and their administration techniques evolve in parallel since over time both have progressed, they have experienced progress both in their preparation and in the way they are administered, and with it the material and human resources used to do so.
{"title":"Vaccines: Origin and evolution throughout history","authors":"Onate Tenorio Maria de los Santos, Eslava Maria Perez, Tenorio Antonio Onate","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000049","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history of medicine, vaccines have been one of the most used weapons by humans to prevent diseases and create immunity, having a great impact on both society and the health of individuals and communities, constituting an authentic guarantee to achieve stability and the maintenance of the public health of the population. In this monograph, a compilation, reflective, detailed, and specific study of vaccines within the history of medicine are carried out through a bibliographic search to know in depth the vaccines, their origin, evolution, and role-played throughout all time. Vaccination is one of the greatest advances in public health at the global, national, community, and individual levels, the introduction of immunization has allowed unquestionable benefits, impacting social systems, reducing the cost of treatments, and the incidence of infectious diseases and the mortality from them. Vaccines will have, among others, a social and economic impact, since preventing diseases favors the economic level, the quality of life, and social well-being. Vaccines and their administration techniques evolve in parallel since over time both have progressed, they have experienced progress both in their preparation and in the way they are administered, and with it the material and human resources used to do so.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126655559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sashindran Vk, Sheikh Abdul Raheem, Patil Sunita D
Background and objective: The entire world is reeling under the COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-COV-2. A longitudinal study was planned to understand the evolving pattern of seroprevalence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of health care workers. Method: A prospective study was conducted among the health care workers categorized as doctors, nursing staff, paramedical staff, and housekeeping staff. A qualitative estimation of total antibodies (IgM+IgG+IgA) against SARS-CoV-2 was carried out using an ELISA kit in July and November 2020. Results: Total 443 blood samples were collected on July 20 and 214 samples in November. A cohort of 140 health care workers was selected from July to November 2020 data. The overall seroprevalence in HCWs was 8.35% in July 2020 and it increased to 26.63% in November 2020. The overall seroprevalence in the HCW cohort also revealed an increase from 12.14%. 30.71%. In the cohort of healthcare workers, there was a constant seroprevalence in nursing staff (10.5%) and housekeeping staff (25%) while a statistically significant (p0.002) rise in seroprevalence rate (12.6 to 41.37) was noted in the paramedics. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of anti- SARS-CoV2 antibodies in asymptomatic HCWs increased from 8.35% to 26.63% over a period of 4 months. A significant rise in seroprevalence was noted amongst nurses (p0.0005) and paramedics (p0.007). The seroprevalence data of the cohort group revealed a statistically significant rise in seroprevalence in paramedics (p 0.002) as compared to other categories of healthcare personnel.
{"title":"Changing seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sashindran Vk, Sheikh Abdul Raheem, Patil Sunita D","doi":"10.17352/jvi.000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/jvi.000048","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The entire world is reeling under the COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-COV-2. A longitudinal study was planned to understand the evolving pattern of seroprevalence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of health care workers. Method: A prospective study was conducted among the health care workers categorized as doctors, nursing staff, paramedical staff, and housekeeping staff. A qualitative estimation of total antibodies (IgM+IgG+IgA) against SARS-CoV-2 was carried out using an ELISA kit in July and November 2020. Results: Total 443 blood samples were collected on July 20 and 214 samples in November. A cohort of 140 health care workers was selected from July to November 2020 data. The overall seroprevalence in HCWs was 8.35% in July 2020 and it increased to 26.63% in November 2020. The overall seroprevalence in the HCW cohort also revealed an increase from 12.14%. 30.71%. In the cohort of healthcare workers, there was a constant seroprevalence in nursing staff (10.5%) and housekeeping staff (25%) while a statistically significant (p0.002) rise in seroprevalence rate (12.6 to 41.37) was noted in the paramedics. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of anti- SARS-CoV2 antibodies in asymptomatic HCWs increased from 8.35% to 26.63% over a period of 4 months. A significant rise in seroprevalence was noted amongst nurses (p0.0005) and paramedics (p0.007). The seroprevalence data of the cohort group revealed a statistically significant rise in seroprevalence in paramedics (p 0.002) as compared to other categories of healthcare personnel.","PeriodicalId":330981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vaccines and Immunology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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