Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.21019
Hilal Kahveci, C. Acar
{"title":"Determination of Selection Criteria of Plants in Urban Coastal Landscapes: An Example of the Eastern Black Sea Coast, Turkey","authors":"Hilal Kahveci, C. Acar","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.21019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.21019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42784164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.20054
Tarık Çitgez, Refik Karagül, M. Özcan, A. K. Özbayram
This study was carried out in two watersheds of the Big Melen Stream, which provides water to Istanbul. Forest areas are dominant in the Yukarıkaraköy watershed, whereas agricultural areas (hazelnut plantations) are dominant in the Avlayan watershed. There are settlement areas at the outlet regions of both watersheds. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect on the water quality as a consequence of the forests, settlement areas, and hazelnut plantations. Accordingly, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), NO 2 − , NO 3 − , SO 42 − , PO 43 − and NH 4+ concentrations were measured in the stream points representing hazelnut plantations, forests, and settlement areas for 2 years. The water quality classification of the sampling points was determined in accordance with the criteria specified in the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulations (SWQR). The mean EC, TN, NO 3 − , SO 42 − , and DO of the sampling point representing the forest were 264 µS/cm, 1.5 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, 14.7 mg/L, and 10.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean EC, TN, NO 3 − , and SO 42 − values of the point representing the hazelnut plantation were higher than those of the point repre- senting the forest. In the sampling points representing the settlement areas of both watersheds, the EC and PO 43 − increased, while the DO decreased. As a result, it was determined that the stream water of the point rep- resenting the forest was of higher quality than that of the point representing the hazelnut plantation and that the settlement areas significantly reduced the water quality by increasing the concentrations of pollutants. This study was carried out in two adjacent sub-watersheds of Big Melen Approximately 64% (214 ha) of the Yukarıkaraköy watershed is forest and 36% (120 ha) agricultural land, whereas 27% (194) of the Avlayan watershed is forest, 70% (499 ha) agricultural land, and 3% (21 ha) settlement. Most of the agricultural land in the watersheds is used for hazelnut cultiva-tion, and the usage of fertilizers is common in these areas.
{"title":"Effect of Land Use on Some Physical and Chemical Water Quality Parameters in the Sub-watersheds of Big Melen Stream","authors":"Tarık Çitgez, Refik Karagül, M. Özcan, A. K. Özbayram","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.20054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.20054","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in two watersheds of the Big Melen Stream, which provides water to Istanbul. Forest areas are dominant in the Yukarıkaraköy watershed, whereas agricultural areas (hazelnut plantations) are dominant in the Avlayan watershed. There are settlement areas at the outlet regions of both watersheds. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect on the water quality as a consequence of the forests, settlement areas, and hazelnut plantations. Accordingly, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), NO 2 − , NO 3 − , SO 42 − , PO 43 − and NH 4+ concentrations were measured in the stream points representing hazelnut plantations, forests, and settlement areas for 2 years. The water quality classification of the sampling points was determined in accordance with the criteria specified in the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulations (SWQR). The mean EC, TN, NO 3 − , SO 42 − , and DO of the sampling point representing the forest were 264 µS/cm, 1.5 mg/L, 3.1 mg/L, 14.7 mg/L, and 10.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean EC, TN, NO 3 − , and SO 42 − values of the point representing the hazelnut plantation were higher than those of the point repre- senting the forest. In the sampling points representing the settlement areas of both watersheds, the EC and PO 43 − increased, while the DO decreased. As a result, it was determined that the stream water of the point rep- resenting the forest was of higher quality than that of the point representing the hazelnut plantation and that the settlement areas significantly reduced the water quality by increasing the concentrations of pollutants. This study was carried out in two adjacent sub-watersheds of Big Melen Approximately 64% (214 ha) of the Yukarıkaraköy watershed is forest and 36% (120 ha) agricultural land, whereas 27% (194) of the Avlayan watershed is forest, 70% (499 ha) agricultural land, and 3% (21 ha) settlement. Most of the agricultural land in the watersheds is used for hazelnut cultiva-tion, and the usage of fertilizers is common in these areas.","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49342784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.20050
F. Kara
{"title":"Climate-Growth Relationships in Managed and Unmanaged Kazdağı Fir Forests","authors":"F. Kara","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.20050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.20050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.21009
V. Popović, A. Lučić, S. Jovanović, K. Mladenović, L. Rakonjac
{"title":"The Variability of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Populations in Serbia According to Morphological Nut Traits","authors":"V. Popović, A. Lučić, S. Jovanović, K. Mladenović, L. Rakonjac","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.21009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.21009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42832384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.21013
K. Aruga, Taisei Sekiguchi, Tadamichi Sato, Y. Shuin
{"title":"Evaluation of Forest Road Damages Using Return Periods Caused by Heavy Rains in Kanuma and Nikko Cities of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan","authors":"K. Aruga, Taisei Sekiguchi, Tadamichi Sato, Y. Shuin","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.21013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.21013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45899135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.21018
Minhajur Rahman, Mohammed Mohammed, Anupa Datta
{"title":"Ecological Impact of Forest Trails in Khadimnagar National Park, Sylhet, Bangladesh","authors":"Minhajur Rahman, Mohammed Mohammed, Anupa Datta","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.21018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.21018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.21012
Z. Pandur, H. Nevečerel, M. Šušnjar, M. Bačić, Kruno Lepoglavec
Timber transport by forest truck represents one of the largest energy consumers in the whole timber supply chain. Previous studies suggest that forest trucks spend as much as 14% of time driving on the primary forest roads, and that they consume a significant amount of energy in their total driving time. The fuel consumption is significantly impacted by the longitudinal slopes of the primary forest road network on which the timber is transported. This paper presents the results of research on fuel consumption by forest trucks while driving unloaded and loaded, depending on the longitudinal slope of forest roads. While driving an unloaded forest truck, increase in slope increases fuel consumption exponentially, and ranges from .7 L/ km at an inclination of 3.5% to 1.6 L/km at an inclination of 9.5%. The fuel consumption of a loaded truck tends to increase exponentially with an increase of slope, and ranges from 1.21 L/km with 0% slope to 3 L/km with 8% slope. It can be concluded that a nominally loaded forest truck consumes on average 2.5 times more fuel on the same longitudinal slope in relation to the unloaded vehicle. The results show a strong link between fuel consumption and longitudinal slope. Carbon dioxide emissions are several times lower when the loaded forest truck is driven down the slope, when compared to being driven up the slope.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency of Timber Transport by Trucks on Hilly and Mountainous Forest Roads","authors":"Z. Pandur, H. Nevečerel, M. Šušnjar, M. Bačić, Kruno Lepoglavec","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.21012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.21012","url":null,"abstract":"Timber transport by forest truck represents one of the largest energy consumers in the whole timber supply chain. Previous studies suggest that forest trucks spend as much as 14% of time driving on the primary forest roads, and that they consume a significant amount of energy in their total driving time. The fuel consumption is significantly impacted by the longitudinal slopes of the primary forest road network on which the timber is transported. This paper presents the results of research on fuel consumption by forest trucks while driving unloaded and loaded, depending on the longitudinal slope of forest roads. While driving an unloaded forest truck, increase in slope increases fuel consumption exponentially, and ranges from .7 L/ km at an inclination of 3.5% to 1.6 L/km at an inclination of 9.5%. The fuel consumption of a loaded truck tends to increase exponentially with an increase of slope, and ranges from 1.21 L/km with 0% slope to 3 L/km with 8% slope. It can be concluded that a nominally loaded forest truck consumes on average 2.5 times more fuel on the same longitudinal slope in relation to the unloaded vehicle. The results show a strong link between fuel consumption and longitudinal slope. Carbon dioxide emissions are several times lower when the loaded forest truck is driven down the slope, when compared to being driven up the slope.","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42574304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2021.20062
S. Mhamdi, M. Elaieb, N. Souayah, M. Khouja, M. Khouja, A. Aloui, K. Candelier
This study consists of the development of tree growth models to deduce stands productivity and determine the highest productive species in the conditions of the concerned plantation. Seven Eucalyptus, introduced in the arboretum of Souiniet (north-west of Tunisia, wet Mediterranean bioclimate) in a Cork Oak natural forest, were studied. Stem analysis and non-linear growth modeling regression equations were used to predict wood productivities. Gompertz and Chapman–Richards growth function appeared as being great numerical models to estimate the Eucalyptus tree diameter and height evolutions, respectively. Moreover, an adapted Chapman–Richards model allowed predicting the volume of trees in an efficient manner. The values of mean annual volume productivity of the Eucalyptus spp.studied, allow us to classify them in order of increasing annual productivity, as follows: E. sideroxylon, E. cinerea, E. maidenii, E. macrorhyncha, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis and E. bicostata. The first three Eucalyptus spp. appeared as the best-adapted and most suitable Eucalyptus trees for new plantations in this area. These species had the highest mean annual increments, ranged from 5 to 10 m3.ha−1.year−1 with 15 to 20 years of rotation. E. bicostata is the most promising, with annual average production exceeding 10 m3.ha−1.year−1 after 25 years, and reaching 20 m3.ha−1.year−1 at 40 years old. These modeling approaches provide additional knowledge on the productivity of the different Eucalyptus species, thus enabling forestry operators to simulate the development of forest stands in order to optimize timber production and harvesting.
{"title":"Growth and Productivity Modeling of Seven Eucalyptus Species in Souiniet’s Arboretum in the Northwestern of Tunisia","authors":"S. Mhamdi, M. Elaieb, N. Souayah, M. Khouja, M. Khouja, A. Aloui, K. Candelier","doi":"10.5152/forestist.2021.20062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2021.20062","url":null,"abstract":"This study consists of the development of tree growth models to deduce stands productivity and determine the highest productive species in the conditions of the concerned plantation. Seven Eucalyptus, introduced in the arboretum of Souiniet (north-west of Tunisia, wet Mediterranean bioclimate) in a Cork Oak natural forest, were studied. Stem analysis and non-linear growth modeling regression equations were used to predict wood productivities. Gompertz and Chapman–Richards growth function appeared as being great numerical models to estimate the Eucalyptus tree diameter and height evolutions, respectively. Moreover, an adapted Chapman–Richards model allowed predicting the volume of trees in an efficient manner. The values of mean annual volume productivity of the Eucalyptus spp.studied, allow us to classify them in order of increasing annual productivity, as follows: E. sideroxylon, E. cinerea, E. maidenii, E. macrorhyncha, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis and E. bicostata. The first three Eucalyptus spp. appeared as the best-adapted and most suitable Eucalyptus trees for new plantations in this area. These species had the highest mean annual increments, ranged from 5 to 10 m3.ha−1.year−1 with 15 to 20 years of rotation. E. bicostata is the most promising, with annual average production exceeding 10 m3.ha−1.year−1 after 25 years, and reaching 20 m3.ha−1.year−1 at 40 years old. These modeling approaches provide additional knowledge on the productivity of the different Eucalyptus species, thus enabling forestry operators to simulate the development of forest stands in order to optimize timber production and harvesting.","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44702898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.5152/FORESTIST.2021.20059
S. Laaribya, A. Alaoui, S. Ayan, A. Benabou, A. Labbaci, H. Ouhaddou, Mohamed Bijou, Agadir Morocco Forest
In this paper, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm was applied to estimate the current and potential distributions of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in the Maarmora forest of Morocco to provide a basis for its conservation under climate change conditions in the Mediterranean basin. A total of 1,428 field-based spatial records of cork oak locations were used (altitude and 19 bioclimatic environmental variables) to model the potential distribution of the cork oak. The adjusted model had a good predictive quality (area under the curve=0.81). Precipitation during the wettest quarter of the year, seasonality in precipitation, altitude, and seasonal variations in temperature were the key factors determining the distribution of the cork oak in the Maamora forest. Most areas with currently suitable conditions for cork oak were located in the western and central Maamora forest regions, which enjoy a humid bioclimate and receive significant sea spray from the Atlantic Ocean. Moving away from the ocean, the humidity decreases, and the temperature increases, such that the cork oak faces difficulties in adapting and regenerating. The results can be used to identify the high-priority areas for cork oak restoration and conservation of this species against the expected impact of climate change.
{"title":"Prediction by maximum entropy of potential habitat of the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in Maamora Forest, Morocco","authors":"S. Laaribya, A. Alaoui, S. Ayan, A. Benabou, A. Labbaci, H. Ouhaddou, Mohamed Bijou, Agadir Morocco Forest","doi":"10.5152/FORESTIST.2021.20059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/FORESTIST.2021.20059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm was applied to estimate the current and potential distributions of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in the Maarmora forest of Morocco to provide a basis for its conservation under climate change conditions in the Mediterranean basin. A total of 1,428 field-based spatial records of cork oak locations were used (altitude and 19 bioclimatic environmental variables) to model the potential distribution of the cork oak. The adjusted model had a good predictive quality (area under the curve=0.81). Precipitation during the wettest quarter of the year, seasonality in precipitation, altitude, and seasonal variations in temperature were the key factors determining the distribution of the cork oak in the Maamora forest. Most areas with currently suitable conditions for cork oak were located in the western and central Maamora forest regions, which enjoy a humid bioclimate and receive significant sea spray from the Atlantic Ocean. Moving away from the ocean, the humidity decreases, and the temperature increases, such that the cork oak faces difficulties in adapting and regenerating. The results can be used to identify the high-priority areas for cork oak restoration and conservation of this species against the expected impact of climate change.","PeriodicalId":33175,"journal":{"name":"Forestist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46436877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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