In economies where most firms are family-owned, there is a risk of poor management and problematic strategic and technological comprehension. Multiple cases prove the existence of a series of socio-economic pathologies in such firms that undermine an economy’s ability to overcome economic crises through innovative and entrepreneurial thinking and adaptability. The paper aims to present the relationship between entrepreneurship and “development and crisis” from the perspective of Greece’s current socio-economic crisis. It first analyzes the neo-Schumpeterian entrepreneurship theory and the structures that allow innovative and competitive models to appear and then links this context with Greece’s case. The “Stra.Tech.Man” theoretical framework of physiological types of entrepreneurship is suggested as the analytical base for elaborating a local development policy instrument for economies where such less competitive businesses prevail.
{"title":"Entrepreneurship and Crisis in Greece from a Neo-Schumpeterian Perspective: A Suggestion to Stimulate the Development Process at the Local Level","authors":"Charis Vlados, E. Koronis, Dimos Chatzinikolaou","doi":"10.5430/RWE.V12N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/RWE.V12N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"In economies where most firms are family-owned, there is a risk of poor management and problematic strategic and technological comprehension. Multiple cases prove the existence of a series of socio-economic pathologies in such firms that undermine an economy’s ability to overcome economic crises through innovative and entrepreneurial thinking and adaptability. The paper aims to present the relationship between entrepreneurship and “development and crisis” from the perspective of Greece’s current socio-economic crisis. It first analyzes the neo-Schumpeterian entrepreneurship theory and the structures that allow innovative and competitive models to appear and then links this context with Greece’s case. The “Stra.Tech.Man” theoretical framework of physiological types of entrepreneurship is suggested as the analytical base for elaborating a local development policy instrument for economies where such less competitive businesses prevail.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124331823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New firms play a critical role in the economy. They disrupt markets with new technologies, offer social mobility opportunities, and support labor market dynamism. As much as any society should nurture and help its new generations to prosper and grow, its economy will be significantly disadvantaged without the contribution of new firms. Not surprisingly, therefore, the consequences that the COVID-19 pandemic might have on new firms’ creation and growth are a critical area of attention. In this chapter, we navigate this complex landscape using entrepreneurship as our compass to sketch Italy’s strengths and weaknesses and reflect on how they could be affected by the disruptions that the whole world is now facing.
{"title":"Why Italy Needs an Entrepreneurial Renaissance after COVID-19","authors":"R. Fini, M. Sobrero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3670539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670539","url":null,"abstract":"New firms play a critical role in the economy. They disrupt markets with new technologies, offer social mobility opportunities, and support labor market dynamism. As much as any society should nurture and help its new generations to prosper and grow, its economy will be significantly disadvantaged without the contribution of new firms. Not surprisingly, therefore, the consequences that the COVID-19 pandemic might have on new firms’ creation and growth are a critical area of attention. In this chapter, we navigate this complex landscape using entrepreneurship as our compass to sketch Italy’s strengths and weaknesses and reflect on how they could be affected by the disruptions that the whole world is now facing.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128854691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Governments across the globe have been trying to build and foster a healthy, competitive business environment, wherein small, local businesses, as well as technology based smaller ventures, can take on larger business houses and corporate, without facing hurdles of economic constraint. Therefore, this research discusses the role of different factors important for sustainability of entrepreneurship.
Methodology: This study conducted the systematic review of literature and identified different themes, which helped in developing a conceptual model that indicates cause and effect relationship between dependent and independent variables.
Findings: According to the results of the study government policies may not have direct influence on entrepreneurship, but have positive influence over social system, market environment and financing support.
Conclusion: This research suggests that government should develop effective entrepreneurship policies that could addressed all needs and areas for sustainable growth of entrepreneur businesses.
{"title":"Identifying and Evaluating the Factors Necessary for Promoting Entrepreneurship in a Country","authors":"Giriraj Kiradoo","doi":"10.31838/jcr.07.13.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.13.165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Governments across the globe have been trying to build and foster a healthy, competitive business environment, wherein small, local businesses, as well as technology based smaller ventures, can take on larger business houses and corporate, without facing hurdles of economic constraint. Therefore, this research discusses the role of different factors important for sustainability of entrepreneurship.<br><br>Methodology: This study conducted the systematic review of literature and identified different themes, which helped in developing a conceptual model that indicates cause and effect relationship between dependent and independent variables.<br><br>Findings: According to the results of the study government policies may not have direct influence on entrepreneurship, but have positive influence over social system, market environment and financing support.<br><br>Conclusion: This research suggests that government should develop effective entrepreneurship policies that could addressed all needs and areas for sustainable growth of entrepreneur businesses.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of start-up regulations and institutional quality on the level of new business activity in a panel of 119 countries between 2001 and 2012. We find robust evidence that new business creation is significantly lower in countries with excessive barriers to entry, a lack of high-quality governmental institutions, or both. Specifically, increasing the number of steps required to start a new business by one step reduces entrepreneurial activity by approximately 9.7 percent. Furthermore, three measures of institutional quality (i.e., political stability, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability) are shown to promote entrepreneurship, whereby an increase of one standard deviation in these measures increases new business activity by 30 percent to 52 percent.
{"title":"The Impact of Regulations and Institutional Quality on Entrepreneurship","authors":"D. Chambers, Jonathan Munemo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3066312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3066312","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of start-up regulations and institutional quality on the level of new business activity in a panel of 119 countries between 2001 and 2012. We find robust evidence that new business creation is significantly lower in countries with excessive barriers to entry, a lack of high-quality governmental institutions, or both. Specifically, increasing the number of steps required to start a new business by one step reduces entrepreneurial activity by approximately 9.7 percent. Furthermore, three measures of institutional quality (i.e., political stability, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability) are shown to promote entrepreneurship, whereby an increase of one standard deviation in these measures increases new business activity by 30 percent to 52 percent.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The viability of small and medium enterprises (SME's) is vital to economic development and growth in the East African Community Region. An important factor in all this is the growth of these enterprises and how they can effectively respond to the environmental (exogenous) factors brought about by the regions' integration into a regional block. This study is motivated by the research objective which is to examine the nature of regional integration and the experiences by SME's in the East African Community states and considers research questions in their relation to the types of strategies and the external factors influencing the firm's strategies as well as changes in their structure. The objectives SME's pursue and the extent to which their objectives are achieved is therefore considered. These exogenous variables include access to finance, the legal/regulatory environment and technology, business infrastructure and Labour Mobility. All these are expected to impact on SME's upon operationalisation of regional integration mechanisms.
{"title":"The Impact of the East African Community Integration on Small & Medium Enterprises. Case of Kenya","authors":"Gatobu Mugwika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2919764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2919764","url":null,"abstract":"The viability of small and medium enterprises (SME's) is vital to economic development and growth in the East African Community Region. An important factor in all this is the growth of these enterprises and how they can effectively respond to the environmental (exogenous) factors brought about by the regions' integration into a regional block. This study is motivated by the research objective which is to examine the nature of regional integration and the experiences by SME's in the East African Community states and considers research questions in their relation to the types of strategies and the external factors influencing the firm's strategies as well as changes in their structure. The objectives SME's pursue and the extent to which their objectives are achieved is therefore considered. These exogenous variables include access to finance, the legal/regulatory environment and technology, business infrastructure and Labour Mobility. All these are expected to impact on SME's upon operationalisation of regional integration mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128323133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is the second largest populous country in the world with 1.2 billion population strength. To cover up this large population there exist large potentiality of job market in India. But According to the latest Asia Pacific Human Development Report, India is facing severe scarcity of job market; growth in unemployment among young graduates and it will last for next 35 years. According to Labor Ministry data, around 1 million people enter the workforce in India every month. To eradicate this scarcity of job market, ours Honorable Prime Minister Dr. Narendra Modi, announced on 15th August 2015, “Start Up India, Stand Up India” to promote Bank Financing for start ups and offer incentives to boast entrepreneurship and job creation. This research paper has made a Literature Survey analysis regarding its challenges, prospects and its financing resources. Secondary data collected from various websites, journals, newspaper articles etc.
{"title":"Startup India - A New Paradigm for Young Entrepreneurs (A Conceptual Study)","authors":"Abhrajit Sarkar","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2835322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2835322","url":null,"abstract":"India is the second largest populous country in the world with 1.2 billion population strength. To cover up this large population there exist large potentiality of job market in India. But According to the latest Asia Pacific Human Development Report, India is facing severe scarcity of job market; growth in unemployment among young graduates and it will last for next 35 years. According to Labor Ministry data, around 1 million people enter the workforce in India every month. To eradicate this scarcity of job market, ours Honorable Prime Minister Dr. Narendra Modi, announced on 15th August 2015, “Start Up India, Stand Up India” to promote Bank Financing for start ups and offer incentives to boast entrepreneurship and job creation. This research paper has made a Literature Survey analysis regarding its challenges, prospects and its financing resources. Secondary data collected from various websites, journals, newspaper articles etc.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phillips Udo-Imeh, B. Magaji, Ahmad Hamidu, Kabiru Malam Yakubu
There has been emphasis on the study of entrepreneurship in tertiary institutions in Nigeria for both management and non-management students like those undergoing engineering programmes. While much work has been done to assess the relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship intentions of recipients, very few studies have been carried out – especially in the Nigerian context – on the perceptions of technically-inclined students to the teaching of entrepreneurship. This study sought to find out the perceptions of engineering students of one university in Nigeria to the teaching of entrepreneurship education (EE). Perception of EE was defined in terms of perceived need for EE, Perceived relevance of curriculum, and Perceived competence of EE lecturers. A census was carried out on the 141 final year engineering students and data were descriptively analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and inferentially, using multiple regression analysis. The study shows that EE was positively perceived across all dimensions. The study further shows a strong positive relationship between perception of EE and entrepreneurial intentions. The study concluded that building a positive perception of EE among students is fundamental to achieving its primary objective Key words: Entrepreneurship education, perceived curriculum, perceived competence of lecturers, perceived role of university, engineering students, entrepreneurial intentions.
{"title":"Perceptions of Entrepreneurship Education by Engineering Students of Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria","authors":"Phillips Udo-Imeh, B. Magaji, Ahmad Hamidu, Kabiru Malam Yakubu","doi":"10.5897/AJBM2016.8049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2016.8049","url":null,"abstract":"There has been emphasis on the study of entrepreneurship in tertiary institutions in Nigeria for both management and non-management students like those undergoing engineering programmes. While much work has been done to assess the relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship intentions of recipients, very few studies have been carried out – especially in the Nigerian context – on the perceptions of technically-inclined students to the teaching of entrepreneurship. This study sought to find out the perceptions of engineering students of one university in Nigeria to the teaching of entrepreneurship education (EE). Perception of EE was defined in terms of perceived need for EE, Perceived relevance of curriculum, and Perceived competence of EE lecturers. A census was carried out on the 141 final year engineering students and data were descriptively analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and inferentially, using multiple regression analysis. The study shows that EE was positively perceived across all dimensions. The study further shows a strong positive relationship between perception of EE and entrepreneurial intentions. The study concluded that building a positive perception of EE among students is fundamental to achieving its primary objective \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Entrepreneurship education, perceived curriculum, perceived competence of lecturers, perceived role of university, engineering students, entrepreneurial intentions.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127002389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many authors have attempted to draw together a perspective on entrepreneurship that captures the influences of the environment. However, the description of the relationships between the entrepreneur, their firms and the broader environment or ecosystem, has varied among theorists. Based on the variations in viewpoint, this paper stops to ask three important questions that underpin the rationale of entrepreneurship ecosystem measurement: 1) Why is it important to measure entrepreneurial ecosystems? 2) Who will make use of a measure of entrepreneurial ecosystems? 3) What will measures of entrepreneurial ecosystems be used for? The contribution of this paper is to illustrate a holistic view of entrepreneurial ecosystem, and focus on the measurement based on our international comparative studies within USA, Australia, France and Japan.
{"title":"Measures of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Why Do We Need Them, Who Will Need Them, and What Will Be Done with Them?","authors":"Sul, Allan O’Connor, Sabine Menu, Takao Ito","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2700795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2700795","url":null,"abstract":"Many authors have attempted to draw together a perspective on entrepreneurship that captures the influences of the environment. However, the description of the relationships between the entrepreneur, their firms and the broader environment or ecosystem, has varied among theorists. Based on the variations in viewpoint, this paper stops to ask three important questions that underpin the rationale of entrepreneurship ecosystem measurement: 1) Why is it important to measure entrepreneurial ecosystems? 2) Who will make use of a measure of entrepreneurial ecosystems? 3) What will measures of entrepreneurial ecosystems be used for? The contribution of this paper is to illustrate a holistic view of entrepreneurial ecosystem, and focus on the measurement based on our international comparative studies within USA, Australia, France and Japan.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-06DOI: 10.1590/1982-25542014115069
J. C. Castro
Portuguese Abstract: Na sociedade contemporânea, observa-se em varias frentes uma valorizacao do empreendedorismo, no sentido de um aparente fortalecimento da agencia subjetiva. A contrapartida disso e um movimento de reificacao, que conta com o engajamento do proprio sujeito. Essas tendencias, tambem presentes na cibercultura de modo geral, sao ilustradas pelo fenomeno do amor virtual: a multiplicacao de opcoes amorosas e o declinio de modelos externos padronizados dao, em tese, a cada um a possibilidade de maior iniciativa, contrabalancada pela propensao a objetivar-se e objetivar o outro. English Abstract: Several fronts in contemporary society show an appreciation of entrepreneurship, in the sense of an apparent strengthening of the subjective agency. The counterpart of this is a movement of reification, which relies on the engagement of the subject himself. These trends, which are also present in cyberculture in general, are illustrated by the phenomenon of virtual love: the multiplication of dating options and, in theory, the decline of standardized external models gives the individual more possibilities for taking the initiative, counterbalanced by the propensity for objectification of himself and the other.
摘要:在当代社会，企业家精神的价值在几个方面被观察到，在主观代理的明显加强的意义上。与之对应的是物化运动，它依赖于主体本身的参与。这些趋势也普遍存在于网络文化中，虚拟爱情的现象说明了这一点:爱情选择的倍增和外部标准模型的减少，在理论上给了每一个更大的主动性的可能性，被客观化自己和客观化他人的倾向所平衡。英语文摘:在当代社会几个方面展示一个升值的创业精神,在某种意义上明显加强subjective)提出的。这是一个运动的同行reification, relies on The订婚的对象自己。这些趋势,这是有趣的礼品在cyberculture将军,是虚拟的现象说明了爱:乘法的约会选项,在理论上,标准化的减少外部模型给予个人更多的可能性去的),counterbalanced propensity objectification自己和其他。
{"title":"O Amor Virtual Como Instância de Empreendedorismo e de Reificação (Virtual Love as an Instance of Entrepreneurship and Reification)","authors":"J. C. Castro","doi":"10.1590/1982-25542014115069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-25542014115069","url":null,"abstract":"Portuguese Abstract: Na sociedade contemporânea, observa-se em varias frentes uma valorizacao do empreendedorismo, no sentido de um aparente fortalecimento da agencia subjetiva. A contrapartida disso e um movimento de reificacao, que conta com o engajamento do proprio sujeito. Essas tendencias, tambem presentes na cibercultura de modo geral, sao ilustradas pelo fenomeno do amor virtual: a multiplicacao de opcoes amorosas e o declinio de modelos externos padronizados dao, em tese, a cada um a possibilidade de maior iniciativa, contrabalancada pela propensao a objetivar-se e objetivar o outro. \u0000English Abstract: Several fronts in contemporary society show an appreciation of entrepreneurship, in the sense of an apparent strengthening of the subjective agency. The counterpart of this is a movement of reification, which relies on the engagement of the subject himself. These trends, which are also present in cyberculture in general, are illustrated by the phenomenon of virtual love: the multiplication of dating options and, in theory, the decline of standardized external models gives the individual more possibilities for taking the initiative, counterbalanced by the propensity for objectification of himself and the other.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131378794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores how initial endowments at the start of transition have shaped reform outcomes and reform trajectories in 27 former communist countries in Europe and Central Asia. Countries of the former Russian Empire that had a large resources sector at the start of transition underperformed other countries in terms of the speed and the depth of economic reforms. The effect is particularly strong for privatization, enterprise restructuring and competition policy. Within country, Ottoman or Russian provinces that had a large natural resources sector in 1989 have a lower share of entrepreneurs and of small and medium sized enterprises today and also experience endemic corruption. Our results indicate that the propensity, or ability, of special interest groups to capture the reform process that would erode their rents were facilitated by the quality of institutions whose foundations go back centuries; and that the effects on the local economy are real.
{"title":"Initial Endowments and Economic Reform in 27 Post-Socialist Countries","authors":"Ariel BenYishay, Pauline Grosjean","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2430600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2430600","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how initial endowments at the start of transition have shaped reform outcomes and reform trajectories in 27 former communist countries in Europe and Central Asia. Countries of the former Russian Empire that had a large resources sector at the start of transition underperformed other countries in terms of the speed and the depth of economic reforms. The effect is particularly strong for privatization, enterprise restructuring and competition policy. Within country, Ottoman or Russian provinces that had a large natural resources sector in 1989 have a lower share of entrepreneurs and of small and medium sized enterprises today and also experience endemic corruption. Our results indicate that the propensity, or ability, of special interest groups to capture the reform process that would erode their rents were facilitated by the quality of institutions whose foundations go back centuries; and that the effects on the local economy are real.","PeriodicalId":332000,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Other Societies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126418689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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