Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.584401
J. Fritz
In the quest for visual realism in computer graphics, surface textures are generated for objects based on a texture image or some procedural model. Similar approaches can be used to make objects feel more realistic with a haptic interface. By using an object oriented approach, a software structure was created to allow the inclusion of various texture rendering algorithms for a 3 DOF haptic device.
{"title":"A haptic object-oriented texture rendering system","authors":"J. Fritz","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.584401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.584401","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest for visual realism in computer graphics, surface textures are generated for objects based on a texture image or some procedural model. Similar approaches can be used to make objects feel more realistic with a haptic interface. By using an object oriented approach, a software structure was created to allow the inclusion of various texture rendering algorithms for a 3 DOF haptic device.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126875042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583071
Y. Ikei, K. Wakamatsu, S. Fukuda
The authors have developed a tactile display which has fifty vibrating pins to convey the surface texture sensation of object surfaces to the user's fingertip. The tactual sensation scaling was first performed to obtain a linear sensation scale of the display by means of the JND (just noticeable difference) method. One-dimensional curves on the scale were displayed to investigate human sensitivity to an intensity change rate. A tactile texture presentation method based on the image of an object surface is introduced, and two kinds of experiment were performed. Texture discrimination is the first, in which the effect of texture element size on the correct separation was discussed. Then the sensations produced by the display and that by a real object were compared using several samples that had vertical lines and did not contain low frequencies. The results are summarized and further research directions are discussed.
{"title":"Texture presentation by vibratory tactile display-image based presentation of a tactile texture","authors":"Y. Ikei, K. Wakamatsu, S. Fukuda","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583071","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a tactile display which has fifty vibrating pins to convey the surface texture sensation of object surfaces to the user's fingertip. The tactual sensation scaling was first performed to obtain a linear sensation scale of the display by means of the JND (just noticeable difference) method. One-dimensional curves on the scale were displayed to investigate human sensitivity to an intensity change rate. A tactile texture presentation method based on the image of an object surface is introduced, and two kinds of experiment were performed. Texture discrimination is the first, in which the effect of texture element size on the correct separation was discussed. Then the sensations produced by the display and that by a real object were compared using several samples that had vertical lines and did not contain low frequencies. The results are summarized and further research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116818966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583045
D. Tate, L. Sibert, T. King
A virtual environment (VE) of portions of the ex-USS Shadwell, the Navy's full-scale fire research and test ship, has been developed to study the feasibility of using immersive VE as a tool for shipboard firefighting training and mission rehearsal. The VE system uses a head-mounted display and 3D joystick to allow users to navigate through and interact with the environment. Fire and smoke effects are added to simulate actual firefighting conditions. This paper describes the feasibility tests that were performed aboard the Shadwell and presents promising results of the benefits of VE training over conventional training methods.
{"title":"Virtual environments for shipboard firefighting training","authors":"D. Tate, L. Sibert, T. King","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583045","url":null,"abstract":"A virtual environment (VE) of portions of the ex-USS Shadwell, the Navy's full-scale fire research and test ship, has been developed to study the feasibility of using immersive VE as a tool for shipboard firefighting training and mission rehearsal. The VE system uses a head-mounted display and 3D joystick to allow users to navigate through and interact with the environment. Fire and smoke effects are added to simulate actual firefighting conditions. This paper describes the feasibility tests that were performed aboard the Shadwell and presents promising results of the benefits of VE training over conventional training methods.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113998302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583068
M. Shimojo, M. Shinohara, Y. Fukui
Tactile display devices use an array of pins mounted in the form of a matrix to present three-dimensional shapes to the user by raising and lowering the pins. With a denser matrix of mounted pins, it can be expected that shape identification will become easier and the time required for identification will also become shorter, but that problems of difficulty in fabrication will arise. It is necessary to consider such trade-offs in the development of such devices. The authors conducted experiments to study the effect of pin pitch on shape identification as part of the fundamental investigation of this subject. The experiment used three tactile display devices with pin pitches of 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm for geometrical shape identification, with response time and rate of misidentification taken as the performance data. Surfaces, edges and vertices of three-dimensional shapes were used as the shape primitives for displayed shapes and several of each type were selected for presentation. The results obtained revealed that performance has different relationships to pin pitch with different shape primitives.
{"title":"Shape identification performance and pin-matrix density in a 3 dimensional tactile display","authors":"M. Shimojo, M. Shinohara, Y. Fukui","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583068","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile display devices use an array of pins mounted in the form of a matrix to present three-dimensional shapes to the user by raising and lowering the pins. With a denser matrix of mounted pins, it can be expected that shape identification will become easier and the time required for identification will also become shorter, but that problems of difficulty in fabrication will arise. It is necessary to consider such trade-offs in the development of such devices. The authors conducted experiments to study the effect of pin pitch on shape identification as part of the fundamental investigation of this subject. The experiment used three tactile display devices with pin pitches of 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm for geometrical shape identification, with response time and rate of misidentification taken as the performance data. Surfaces, edges and vertices of three-dimensional shapes were used as the shape primitives for displayed shapes and several of each type were selected for presentation. The results obtained revealed that performance has different relationships to pin pitch with different shape primitives.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"433 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583039
D. Schmalstieg, G. Schaufler
Levels of detail (LODs) are used in interactive computer graphics to avoid overload of the rendering hardware with too many polygons. While conventional methods use a small set of discrete LODs, we introduce a new class of polygonal simplification: Smooth LODs. A very large number of small details encoded in a data stream allows a progressive refinement of the object from a very coarse approximation to the original high quality representation. Advantages of the new approach include progressive transmission and encoding suitable for networked applications, interactive selection of any desired quality, and compression of the data by incremental and redundancy free encoding.
{"title":"Smooth levels of detail","authors":"D. Schmalstieg, G. Schaufler","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583039","url":null,"abstract":"Levels of detail (LODs) are used in interactive computer graphics to avoid overload of the rendering hardware with too many polygons. While conventional methods use a small set of discrete LODs, we introduce a new class of polygonal simplification: Smooth LODs. A very large number of small details encoded in a data stream allows a progressive refinement of the object from a very coarse approximation to the original high quality representation. Advantages of the new approach include progressive transmission and encoding suitable for networked applications, interactive selection of any desired quality, and compression of the data by incremental and redundancy free encoding.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125760275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583073
S. Kuschfeldt, M. Schulz, T. Ertl, Thomas Reuding, M. Holzner
The advances in computer graphics technology plus the increased complexity of finite element (FE) simulations of the crash behavior of a car body have resulted in the need for new visualization techniques to facilitate the analysis of such engineering computations. The VR system VtCrash provides novel computer-human interface techniques for intuitive and interactive analysis of large amounts of crash simulation data. VtCrash takes geometry and physical properties data as input and enables the user to enter a virtual crash and to interact with any part of the vehicle.
{"title":"The use of a virtual environment for FE analysis of vehicle crash worthiness","authors":"S. Kuschfeldt, M. Schulz, T. Ertl, Thomas Reuding, M. Holzner","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583073","url":null,"abstract":"The advances in computer graphics technology plus the increased complexity of finite element (FE) simulations of the crash behavior of a car body have resulted in the need for new visualization techniques to facilitate the analysis of such engineering computations. The VR system VtCrash provides novel computer-human interface techniques for intuitive and interactive analysis of large amounts of crash simulation data. VtCrash takes geometry and physical properties data as input and enables the user to enter a virtual crash and to interact with any part of the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115134355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583046
D. Allison, Brian Wills, L. Hodges, J. Wineman
The Virtual Reality Gorilla Exhibit is a system for teaching users about gorilla behaviors and social interactions. The system includes an accurate model of the Zoo Atlanta gorilla habitats, anthropometrically correct gorilla models and true-to-life behaviors. In the virtual environment the user assumes the persona of an adolescent gorilla. By exploring the habitat and interacting with other gorillas, the user learns about issues in gorilla habitats and about gorilla social hierarchies. Results from preliminary user testing indicate that the system successfully accomplishes its goals.
{"title":"Gorillas in the bits","authors":"D. Allison, Brian Wills, L. Hodges, J. Wineman","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583046","url":null,"abstract":"The Virtual Reality Gorilla Exhibit is a system for teaching users about gorilla behaviors and social interactions. The system includes an accurate model of the Zoo Atlanta gorilla habitats, anthropometrically correct gorilla models and true-to-life behaviors. In the virtual environment the user assumes the persona of an adolescent gorilla. By exploring the habitat and interacting with other gorillas, the user learns about issues in gorilla habitats and about gorilla social hierarchies. Results from preliminary user testing indicate that the system successfully accomplishes its goals.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132471297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583053
W. Broll
The success of VRML-the Virtual Reality Modeling Language-which has established itself as the standard for 3D data on the Internet, shows that virtual reality is no longer limited to research labs but will become a part of everybody's life. Although VRML has just made its first steps from a static scene description language to an interactive VR specification, the realization of distributed virtual reality for everyone will only be the next step. We introduce a network architecture to support multiuser virtual environments on the Internet. The key issues of our approach as realized in our current prototype are scalability and interactivity. For that reason we consider a world wide distribution, large numbers of participants and the composition of very large virtual worlds.
{"title":"Distributed virtual reality for everyone-a framework for networked VR on the Internet","authors":"W. Broll","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583053","url":null,"abstract":"The success of VRML-the Virtual Reality Modeling Language-which has established itself as the standard for 3D data on the Internet, shows that virtual reality is no longer limited to research labs but will become a part of everybody's life. Although VRML has just made its first steps from a static scene description language to an interactive VR specification, the realization of distributed virtual reality for everyone will only be the next step. We introduce a network architecture to support multiuser virtual environments on the Internet. The key issues of our approach as realized in our current prototype are scalability and interactivity. For that reason we consider a world wide distribution, large numbers of participants and the composition of very large virtual worlds.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116275269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583064
Dohyung Kim, Scott W. Richards, T. Caudell
Augmented reality provides factory workers and other touch laborers with visual information overlaid upon the workcell to aid in the performance of their tasks. This application of virtual reality technology requires high accuracy, wearable, tetherless, inexpensive, mechanically robust, and lightweight head tracking systems that operate in a highly noisy environment. The paper describes a prototype head tracking system, currently under development and testing, that is based on one small, lensless, quad-cell detector and a set of fixed location, active optical beacons, that can potentially meet these requirements.
{"title":"An optical tracker for augmented reality and wearable computers","authors":"Dohyung Kim, Scott W. Richards, T. Caudell","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583064","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented reality provides factory workers and other touch laborers with visual information overlaid upon the workcell to aid in the performance of their tasks. This application of virtual reality technology requires high accuracy, wearable, tetherless, inexpensive, mechanically robust, and lightweight head tracking systems that operate in a highly noisy environment. The paper describes a prototype head tracking system, currently under development and testing, that is based on one small, lensless, quad-cell detector and a set of fixed location, active optical beacons, that can potentially meet these requirements.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124975451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583069
Yunling Shi, D. Pai
The authors describe an implemented system for touching 3D objects depicted in visual images using a two-dimensional, force-reflecting haptic interface. The system constructs 3D geometric models from real 2D stereo images. The force feedback at each position is computed to provide the sensation of moving a small ball over the surface of the 3D object.
{"title":"Haptic display of visual images","authors":"Yunling Shi, D. Pai","doi":"10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583069","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe an implemented system for touching 3D objects depicted in visual images using a two-dimensional, force-reflecting haptic interface. The system constructs 3D geometric models from real 2D stereo images. The force feedback at each position is computed to provide the sensation of moving a small ball over the surface of the 3D object.","PeriodicalId":333190,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE 1997 Annual International Symposium on Virtual Reality","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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