Mariyadasu Mathe, Padmaja Mididoddi, B. T. Krishna
To obtain the correct analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, non-physiological and physiological artifacts should be removed from EEG signals. This study aims to give an overview on the existing methodology for removing physiological artifacts, e.g., ocular, cardiac, and muscle artifacts. The datasets, simulation platforms, and performance measures of artifact removal methods in previous related research are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, including regression method, filtering method, blind source separation (BSS), wavelet transform (WT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), singular spectrum analysis (SSA), and independent vector analysis (IVA). Also, the applications of hybrid approaches are presented, including discrete wavelet transform - adaptive filtering method (DWT-AFM), DWT-BSS, EMD-BSS, singular spectrum analysis - adaptive noise canceler (SSA-ANC), SSA-BSS, and EMD-IVA. Finally, a comparative analysis for these existing methods is provided based on their performance and merits. The result shows that hybrid methods can remove the artifacts more effectively than individual methods.
{"title":"Artifact Removal Methods in EEG Recordings: A Review","authors":"Mariyadasu Mathe, Padmaja Mididoddi, B. T. Krishna","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7653","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain the correct analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, non-physiological and physiological artifacts should be removed from EEG signals. This study aims to give an overview on the existing methodology for removing physiological artifacts, e.g., ocular, cardiac, and muscle artifacts. The datasets, simulation platforms, and performance measures of artifact removal methods in previous related research are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, including regression method, filtering method, blind source separation (BSS), wavelet transform (WT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), singular spectrum analysis (SSA), and independent vector analysis (IVA). Also, the applications of hybrid approaches are presented, including discrete wavelet transform - adaptive filtering method (DWT-AFM), DWT-BSS, EMD-BSS, singular spectrum analysis - adaptive noise canceler (SSA-ANC), SSA-BSS, and EMD-IVA. Finally, a comparative analysis for these existing methods is provided based on their performance and merits. The result shows that hybrid methods can remove the artifacts more effectively than individual methods.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents an application that employs a machine-learning algorithm to identify fish species found in Leyte Gulf. It aims to help students and marine scientists with their identification and data collection. The application supports 467 fish species in which 6,918 fish images are used for training, validating, and testing the generated model. The model is trained for a total of 4,000 epochs. Using convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, the best model during training is observed at epoch 3,661 with an accuracy rate of 96.49% and a loss value of 0.1359. It obtains 82.81% with a loss value of 1.868 during validation and 80.58% precision during testing. The result shows that the model performs well in predicting Malatindok and Sapsap species, after obtaining the highest precision of 100%. However, Hangit is sometimes misclassified by the model after attaining 55% accuracy rate from the testing results because of its feature similarity to other species.
{"title":"Fish Species Detection Application (FiSDA) in Leyte Gulf Using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"G. G. Dialogo, L. Feliscuzo, Elmer A. Maravillas","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7892","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an application that employs a machine-learning algorithm to identify fish species found in Leyte Gulf. It aims to help students and marine scientists with their identification and data collection. The application supports 467 fish species in which 6,918 fish images are used for training, validating, and testing the generated model. The model is trained for a total of 4,000 epochs. Using convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, the best model during training is observed at epoch 3,661 with an accuracy rate of 96.49% and a loss value of 0.1359. It obtains 82.81% with a loss value of 1.868 during validation and 80.58% precision during testing. The result shows that the model performs well in predicting Malatindok and Sapsap species, after obtaining the highest precision of 100%. However, Hangit is sometimes misclassified by the model after attaining 55% accuracy rate from the testing results because of its feature similarity to other species.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discontinuous control of the sliding mode control (SMC) law causes chattering phenomenon in system trajectories (the oscillation around the desired value), which results in various unwanted effects such as current harmonics and torque ripples. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the performance of a sliding mode speed controller for a three-phase induction motor (IM) controlled by a rotor flux orientation technique to obtain optimum performance. The study results show that the experimental control gains found in the control law have a clear effect on limiting chattering and the system response speed. According to the study results, a hybrid controller is designed based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) approach to optimally tune these gains. The designed hybrid controller is verified by experimental approximation of simulations using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the hybrid controller reduces the chattering phenomenon and improves the system’s dynamic performance.
{"title":"Hybrid Speed Controller Design Based on Sliding Mode Controller Performance Study for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drives","authors":"A. Nurettin, N. Inanç","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7717","url":null,"abstract":"The discontinuous control of the sliding mode control (SMC) law causes chattering phenomenon in system trajectories (the oscillation around the desired value), which results in various unwanted effects such as current harmonics and torque ripples. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the performance of a sliding mode speed controller for a three-phase induction motor (IM) controlled by a rotor flux orientation technique to obtain optimum performance. The study results show that the experimental control gains found in the control law have a clear effect on limiting chattering and the system response speed. According to the study results, a hybrid controller is designed based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) approach to optimally tune these gains. The designed hybrid controller is verified by experimental approximation of simulations using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the hybrid controller reduces the chattering phenomenon and improves the system’s dynamic performance.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to optimize a fan-stub slot patch to get better suitability and performance for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). The transition from the tedious configuration of slotted patch antenna in fan-stub shape is evaluated. Also, the impact of stub width W, stub length L, and its orientation are tested. Multiple simulation tests ensure the uniqueness in the type of slots or stubs that affect the multiband nature of patch. The optimization of basic fan-stub structure on return loss S11, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and the operating band at the desired frequency is performed to accommodate the federal and non-federal use of the band. The simulation results show that the designed antenna is technically suitable to cover 4G LTE in CBRS (LTE-43 and LTE-48 band) as well as 5.5 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band of operation.
{"title":"Optimization of Multi-Band Characteristics in Fan-Stub Shaped Patch Antenna for LTE (CBRS) and WLAN Bands","authors":"K. A. Khan, Suleyman Nokerov","doi":"10.46604/PETI.2021.6713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/PETI.2021.6713","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to optimize a fan-stub slot patch to get better suitability and performance for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). The transition from the tedious configuration of slotted patch antenna in fan-stub shape is evaluated. Also, the impact of stub width W, stub length L, and its orientation are tested. Multiple simulation tests ensure the uniqueness in the type of slots or stubs that affect the multiband nature of patch. The optimization of basic fan-stub structure on return loss S11, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and the operating band at the desired frequency is performed to accommodate the federal and non-federal use of the band. The simulation results show that the designed antenna is technically suitable to cover 4G LTE in CBRS (LTE-43 and LTE-48 band) as well as 5.5 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band of operation.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45987003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to measure the effect of band-gap on TiO2 thin films by changing tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT), diethanolamine (DEA), and temperature. The sol-gel method is experimentally introduced to find out the better band-gap of TiO2 thin films by varying the concentration of TBOT (4 ml to 10 ml), DEA (2 ml to 5 ml), and temperature (350°C to 650°C). With the help of an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for the wavelength of 300-900 nm, these thin films are characterized concerning optical properties (transmittance spectra, absorbance spectra, direct band-gap, and indirect band-gap). The direct and indirect band-gaps are found 3.38 eV and 3.25 eV respectively, which are close to or within the standard band-gap range of TiO2 (3.2 eV to 3.35 eV) and are found at 8 ml TBOT, 3 ml DEA, and a temperature of 550°C.
本研究的目的是通过改变四丁基绿钛酸盐(TBOT)、二乙醇胺(DEA)和温度来测量带隙对TiO2薄膜的影响。实验引入溶胶-凝胶法，通过改变TBOT (4 ~ 10 ml)、DEA (2 ~ 5 ml)浓度和温度(350℃~ 650℃)来寻找TiO2薄膜较好的带隙。利用紫外-可见分光光度计对300-900 nm波长的薄膜进行了光学性质的表征(透射光谱、吸光度光谱、直接带隙和间接带隙)。直接带隙和间接带隙分别为3.38 eV和3.25 eV，接近或在TiO2的标准带隙范围内(3.2 eV ~ 3.35 eV)，在8 ml TBOT, 3 ml DEA, 550℃的温度下发现。
{"title":"The Effect of Band-Gap on TiO2 Thin Film Considering Various Parameters","authors":"Majedul Haque Mithun, Abu Sayed, I. Rahaman","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7712","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to measure the effect of band-gap on TiO2 thin films by changing tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT), diethanolamine (DEA), and temperature. The sol-gel method is experimentally introduced to find out the better band-gap of TiO2 thin films by varying the concentration of TBOT (4 ml to 10 ml), DEA (2 ml to 5 ml), and temperature (350°C to 650°C). With the help of an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for the wavelength of 300-900 nm, these thin films are characterized concerning optical properties (transmittance spectra, absorbance spectra, direct band-gap, and indirect band-gap). The direct and indirect band-gaps are found 3.38 eV and 3.25 eV respectively, which are close to or within the standard band-gap range of TiO2 (3.2 eV to 3.35 eV) and are found at 8 ml TBOT, 3 ml DEA, and a temperature of 550°C.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. N. Zahid, Jianliang Jiang, Heng Lu, Hengli Zhang
In Radio Frequency (RF) communication, a Power Amplifier (PA) is used to amplify the signal at the required power level with less utilization of Direct Current (DC) power. The main characteristic of class-E PA is sturdy nonlinearity due to the switching mode action. In this study, a modified design of class-E PA with balanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and high output power for Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) application is presented. MOSFETs are adjusted to have high output performance of about 80% for RFID-based EAS system. A matching network is also proposed for accurate matching because there are differences in the behavior between RF waves and low frequency waves. The design of a matching network is a tradeoff among the complexity, adjustability, implementation, and bandwidth for the required output power and frequency. The implemented PA is capable of providing 44.8 dBm output power with Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) of 78.5% at 7.7 MHz to 8.7 MHz.
{"title":"A Modified Design of Class-E Power Amplifier with Balanced FETs and High Output Power for RFID Applications","authors":"M. N. Zahid, Jianliang Jiang, Heng Lu, Hengli Zhang","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7442","url":null,"abstract":"In Radio Frequency (RF) communication, a Power Amplifier (PA) is used to amplify the signal at the required power level with less utilization of Direct Current (DC) power. The main characteristic of class-E PA is sturdy nonlinearity due to the switching mode action. In this study, a modified design of class-E PA with balanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and high output power for Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) application is presented. MOSFETs are adjusted to have high output performance of about 80% for RFID-based EAS system. A matching network is also proposed for accurate matching because there are differences in the behavior between RF waves and low frequency waves. The design of a matching network is a tradeoff among the complexity, adjustability, implementation, and bandwidth for the required output power and frequency. The implemented PA is capable of providing 44.8 dBm output power with Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) of 78.5% at 7.7 MHz to 8.7 MHz.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a low-profile, co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed, wideband, and dual-ring slot antenna design for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has a total area of 10 mm × 10 mm and a height of 0.4 mm, and is designed by using a thin and biocompatible FR4 epoxy (εr = 4.4) substrate to accomplish human body isolation and great flexibility obtained by implantation. This wideband antenna covers a large bandwidth of industrial scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band, including 902.8 MHz to 928 MHz, 1.395 GHz to 1.4 GHz, 1.427 GHz to 1.432 GHz, 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz, and above. The simulation results of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance matching, gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna are obtained through High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 14 software.
{"title":"Low Profile Wideband Dual-Ring Slot Antenna for Biomedical Applications","authors":"S. Patil, V. Kapse, Shruti Sharma, A. Pandey","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.7790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7790","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a low-profile, co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed, wideband, and dual-ring slot antenna design for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has a total area of 10 mm × 10 mm and a height of 0.4 mm, and is designed by using a thin and biocompatible FR4 epoxy (εr = 4.4) substrate to accomplish human body isolation and great flexibility obtained by implantation. This wideband antenna covers a large bandwidth of industrial scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band, including 902.8 MHz to 928 MHz, 1.395 GHz to 1.4 GHz, 1.427 GHz to 1.432 GHz, 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz, and above. The simulation results of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance matching, gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna are obtained through High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) 14 software.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to implement different image processing techniques that will help to control an autonomous car. A multistage pre-processing technique is used to detect the lanes, street signs, and obstacles accurately. The images captured from the autonomous car are processed by the proposed system which is used to control the autonomous vehicle. Canny edge detection was applied to the captured image for detecting the edges, Also, Hough transform was used to detect and mark the lanes immediately to the left and right of the car. This work attempts to highlight the importance of autonomous cars which drastically increase road safety and improve the efficiency of driving compared to human drivers. The performance of the proposed system is observed by the implementation of the autonomous car that is able to detect and classify the stop signs and other vehicles.
{"title":"Application of Image Processing Techniques for Autonomous Cars","authors":"Shaun Fernandes, Dhruv Duseja, R. Muthalagu","doi":"10.46604/peti.2021.6074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.6074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to implement different image processing techniques that will help to control an autonomous car. A multistage pre-processing technique is used to detect the lanes, street signs, and obstacles accurately. The images captured from the autonomous car are processed by the proposed system which is used to control the autonomous vehicle. Canny edge detection was applied to the captured image for detecting the edges, Also, Hough transform was used to detect and mark the lanes immediately to the left and right of the car. This work attempts to highlight the importance of autonomous cars which drastically increase road safety and improve the efficiency of driving compared to human drivers. The performance of the proposed system is observed by the implementation of the autonomous car that is able to detect and classify the stop signs and other vehicles.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42629152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to analyze the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other risk factors of cesarean delivery using machine learning (ML). The dataset used for the analysis is from the pregnancy risk assessment survey (PRAMS), considered in two scenarios, i.e., all the data is taken, and all the data of the women who developed GDM. Further, the data is developed in two groups Data-I and Data-II by considering multiparous and primiparous women details, respectively. The correlation analysis and major classification algorithms are applied to the data. It is founded that the top risk factors for the first time cesarean delivery are the age, height, weight, race of the women, presence of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. The major risk factor for repeated cesarean delivery is the previous cesarean delivery. The presence of GDM is also one of the risk factors for cesarean delivery.
{"title":"Analysis of Association between Caesarean Delivery and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Machine Learning","authors":"N. Prema, M. Pushpalatha","doi":"10.46604/peti.2020.4740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/peti.2020.4740","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other risk factors of cesarean delivery using machine learning (ML). The dataset used for the analysis is from the pregnancy risk assessment survey (PRAMS), considered in two scenarios, i.e., all the data is taken, and all the data of the women who developed GDM. Further, the data is developed in two groups Data-I and Data-II by considering multiparous and primiparous women details, respectively. The correlation analysis and major classification algorithms are applied to the data. It is founded that the top risk factors for the first time cesarean delivery are the age, height, weight, race of the women, presence of hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. The major risk factor for repeated cesarean delivery is the previous cesarean delivery. The presence of GDM is also one of the risk factors for cesarean delivery.","PeriodicalId":33402,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41798283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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