Forensic expertise, as a form of using special knowledge, is one of the most effective ways to establish the truth during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer, especially given the often-limited amount of criminally valuable information in such proceedings, which conditions the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the paper is to establish the types and analyse the possibilities of forensic examinations that can be assigned during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer. During the study, a set of scientific methods was applied – system, comparative legal, statistical, analysis, bibliographic, synthesis, induction, and deduction. According to the results of the study, a holistic view of the complex of forensic studies was presented, which: are most often assigned in the proceedings under consideration (examination of sound and video recordings, fingerprinting, examination of cold steel and firearms, forensic trasological examination), are mandatory if injuries are caused to the victim (forensic medical), can be assigned depending on the needs of the specific production (engineering and transport, phototechnical, forensic psychiatric examination); also, the types of examinations, the capabilities of which are not fully used by investigators (forensic psychological), were identified. The most important problems that arise at the stage of assigning expert examinations and can largely affect the quality of expert opinions were identified: violation of the deadlines for assigning expert examinations, incorrect formulation of questions to the expert, provision of insufficient quantity and/or poor quality of materials for research, incorrect definition of the type of expert study. It is emphasised that in the conditions of martial law and the expansion of the list of methods and tools of committing the investigated criminal offences in connection with it, there is a need for expert study, the objects of which are explosives and substances, various weapons, etc
{"title":"Forensic Examinations During the Investigation of Threats or Violence Against a Law Enforcement Officer","authors":"S. Kobets","doi":"10.56215/04221202.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56215/04221202.62","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic expertise, as a form of using special knowledge, is one of the most effective ways to establish the truth during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer, especially given the often-limited amount of criminally valuable information in such proceedings, which conditions the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the paper is to establish the types and analyse the possibilities of forensic examinations that can be assigned during the investigation of threats or violence against a law enforcement officer. During the study, a set of scientific methods was applied – system, comparative legal, statistical, analysis, bibliographic, synthesis, induction, and deduction. According to the results of the study, a holistic view of the complex of forensic studies was presented, which: are most often assigned in the proceedings under consideration (examination of sound and video recordings, fingerprinting, examination of cold steel and firearms, forensic trasological examination), are mandatory if injuries are caused to the victim (forensic medical), can be assigned depending on the needs of the specific production (engineering and transport, phototechnical, forensic psychiatric examination); also, the types of examinations, the capabilities of which are not fully used by investigators (forensic psychological), were identified. The most important problems that arise at the stage of assigning expert examinations and can largely affect the quality of expert opinions were identified: violation of the deadlines for assigning expert examinations, incorrect formulation of questions to the expert, provision of insufficient quantity and/or poor quality of materials for research, incorrect definition of the type of expert study. It is emphasised that in the conditions of martial law and the expansion of the list of methods and tools of committing the investigated criminal offences in connection with it, there is a need for expert study, the objects of which are explosives and substances, various weapons, etc","PeriodicalId":334836,"journal":{"name":"Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124008848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
biological, the socio-demographic and characteristics of the on a passport or other important personal and the influence of characteristics on the formation of the offenderʼs personality. of the research specific sociological methods were used: mass questioning and examination of documents, including court decisions and materials of criminal proceedings, which made it possible to penetrate more deeply into the social and psychological causes of criminal behavior of persons who violated personal important documents. The statistical method made it possible to compare the conclusions drawn from the sociological methods, which helped to determine whether the regularities established in the mass surveys and study of documents are typical and justified. The scientific novelty of the publication is that for the first time a detailed criminological portrait of an offender has been offered, encroaching on a passport or other personally identifiable document, which will further help to develop effective measures to prevent crimes in this category, reduce crime rates and develop international cooperation in the field. Conclusions. Based on the analysis, we were able to identify the prevailing criminological significant characteristics of the offender who encroaches on the passport or other personally identifiable document.
{"title":"Criminological Characteristics of Persons who Committing Crimes Through Unlawful Possession of a Passport or Other Important Personal Document","authors":"A. Hetman","doi":"10.33270/04201901.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33270/04201901.61","url":null,"abstract":"biological, the socio-demographic and characteristics of the on a passport or other important personal and the influence of characteristics on the formation of the offenderʼs personality. of the research specific sociological methods were used: mass questioning and examination of documents, including court decisions and materials of criminal proceedings, which made it possible to penetrate more deeply into the social and psychological causes of criminal behavior of persons who violated personal important documents. The statistical method made it possible to compare the conclusions drawn from the sociological methods, which helped to determine whether the regularities established in the mass surveys and study of documents are typical and justified. The scientific novelty of the publication is that for the first time a detailed criminological portrait of an offender has been offered, encroaching on a passport or other personally identifiable document, which will further help to develop effective measures to prevent crimes in this category, reduce crime rates and develop international cooperation in the field. Conclusions. Based on the analysis, we were able to identify the prevailing criminological significant characteristics of the offender who encroaches on the passport or other personally identifiable document.","PeriodicalId":334836,"journal":{"name":"Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121141525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, the external debt tends to grow, and the full-scale war with the Russian Federation in 2022 introduces many forced changes in the regulation and management of external government debt in Ukraine, along with changes in external and internal factors that affect the economy of Ukraine, its diplomatic relations with other states, and consequently the external government debt, so this study is of great relevance. The purpose of the study is to consider the external debt of Ukraine and its features. To identify the main problems that arise in the regulation of public relations related to government debt. To establish factors that affect the national debt of Ukraine. To disclose the concept, content, and the main signs of government debt. In the study, a set of scientific methods was applied: system, induction, deduction analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and bibliographic. The scientific originality lies in the fact that based on the results of the study, a holistic view of the features of Ukraine’s external debt in current conditions was developed. Its concept, content, principles, and main features were analysed and covered. The factors of external government debt that affect it were established: the quality of legislation, the state economy, the level of public confidence in the country, currency stability, war, pandemic, diplomatic relations with foreign partners, etc. Recommendations for minimising it were developed. It was proposed to exert influence in a comprehensive way – both from the economic and legislative sides, building productive relations with other countries and international organisations. Moreover, to promote transparency in the use of borrowed funds and adopt a separate law that would regulate public relations related to the state debt of Ukraine. The features of regulation and management of external government debt during the war were highlighted. It was proposed to develop methods that allow using the borrowed funds more efficiently. The practical value of the study is that the investigation and analysis of the budget process can be the basis for improving national financial legislation, as some proposals were formulated to amend the current legislation of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study on the budget process can be used in scientific activities for further consideration of the problems of legal regulation of the budget process.
{"title":"Features of External Government Debt of Ukraine in the Current Conditions","authors":"Oksana M. Bryskovsk, Olga Y. Bryskovska","doi":"10.56215/04221202.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56215/04221202.45","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the external debt tends to grow, and the full-scale war with the Russian Federation in 2022 introduces many forced changes in the regulation and management of external government debt in Ukraine, along with changes in external and internal factors that affect the economy of Ukraine, its diplomatic relations with other states, and consequently the external government debt, so this study is of great relevance. The purpose of the study is to consider the external debt of Ukraine and its features. To identify the main problems that arise in the regulation of public relations related to government debt. To establish factors that affect the national debt of Ukraine. To disclose the concept, content, and the main signs of government debt. In the study, a set of scientific methods was applied: system, induction, deduction analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and bibliographic. The scientific originality lies in the fact that based on the results of the study, a holistic view of the features of Ukraine’s external debt in current conditions was developed. Its concept, content, principles, and main features were analysed and covered. The factors of external government debt that affect it were established: the quality of legislation, the state economy, the level of public confidence in the country, currency stability, war, pandemic, diplomatic relations with foreign partners, etc. Recommendations for minimising it were developed. It was proposed to exert influence in a comprehensive way – both from the economic and legislative sides, building productive relations with other countries and international organisations. Moreover, to promote transparency in the use of borrowed funds and adopt a separate law that would regulate public relations related to the state debt of Ukraine. The features of regulation and management of external government debt during the war were highlighted. It was proposed to develop methods that allow using the borrowed funds more efficiently. The practical value of the study is that the investigation and analysis of the budget process can be the basis for improving national financial legislation, as some proposals were formulated to amend the current legislation of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study on the budget process can be used in scientific activities for further consideration of the problems of legal regulation of the budget process.","PeriodicalId":334836,"journal":{"name":"Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the publication is to study the concept and forms of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections in Ukraine, in order to understand the legal category and further improve the electoral legislation of Ukraine. Methodology. During the research of the scientific article the general and special-legal methods were used: system analysis, comparative-legal, dialectical approach, system-structural, applied methods of scientific knowledge, which provides the purpose and objectives of scientific research. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the concept and forms of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections. The article examines the concept of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections, taking into account theoretical scientific approaches to understanding the implementation of the right. Based on the analysis of the Laws of Ukraine, which regulate the issue of citizens 'suffrage in local elections, it is determined that the exercise of citizens' suffrage is the most influential form of democracy in the country. The study proved that it is the legal forms of exercising the voting rights of citizens in local elections that have practical consequences, which in turn are the realization of the will of the people and are universally binding on public authorities. It is noted that the residency requirement is one of the most serious obstacles to the exercise of citizens' voting rights in local elections. Conclusions. The realization of the voting rights of citizens in local elections is a process during which the subject of suffrage, aware of their actions (inaction), guided by regulations, enters into legal relations, which are the legal expression of political relations. The legislative requirement for a person to belong to a certain territorial community as a condition for exercising the right to vote in local elections is the biggest obstacle to exercising their right to vote. The main forms of exercising the right to vote by citizens in local elections are: implementation, use and observance, through which direct suffrage is exercised. Keywords: suffrage; local elections; forms of realization of suffrage; election legislation.
{"title":"Concepts and Forms of Realization of Citizens’ Voting Rights in Local Elections","authors":"N. Voitenko","doi":"10.33270/04212101.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33270/04212101.62","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the publication is to study the concept and forms of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections in Ukraine, in order to understand the legal category and further improve the electoral legislation of Ukraine. Methodology. During the research of the scientific article the general and special-legal methods were used: system analysis, comparative-legal, dialectical approach, system-structural, applied methods of scientific knowledge, which provides the purpose and objectives of scientific research. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the concept and forms of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections. The article examines the concept of realization of voting rights of citizens in local elections, taking into account theoretical scientific approaches to understanding the implementation of the right. Based on the analysis of the Laws of Ukraine, which regulate the issue of citizens 'suffrage in local elections, it is determined that the exercise of citizens' suffrage is the most influential form of democracy in the country. The study proved that it is the legal forms of exercising the voting rights of citizens in local elections that have practical consequences, which in turn are the realization of the will of the people and are universally binding on public authorities. It is noted that the residency requirement is one of the most serious obstacles to the exercise of citizens' voting rights in local elections. Conclusions. The realization of the voting rights of citizens in local elections is a process during which the subject of suffrage, aware of their actions (inaction), guided by regulations, enters into legal relations, which are the legal expression of political relations. The legislative requirement for a person to belong to a certain territorial community as a condition for exercising the right to vote in local elections is the biggest obstacle to exercising their right to vote. The main forms of exercising the right to vote by citizens in local elections are: implementation, use and observance, through which direct suffrage is exercised. \u0000Keywords: suffrage; local elections; forms of realization of suffrage; election legislation.","PeriodicalId":334836,"journal":{"name":"Ûridičnij časopis Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133955042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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