The problem of planning the overlaps of multiple alternative configurations is critical to maximize the reliability of a reconfigurable fault-tolerant system based on field programmable gate arrays. To address the problem, an unnecessary assumption made in previous work is removed and a second-order approximation domain-partition method is proposed. Experimental results on ITC99 benchmark circuits demonstrate the proposed technique outperforms previous work in failure rate with less memory cost to store configurations.
{"title":"Reliability Optimization of Reconfigurable FPGA Based on Second-Order Approximation Domain-Partition","authors":"Mi Zhou, L. Shang, Yu Hu","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.11","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of planning the overlaps of multiple alternative configurations is critical to maximize the reliability of a reconfigurable fault-tolerant system based on field programmable gate arrays. To address the problem, an unnecessary assumption made in previous work is removed and a second-order approximation domain-partition method is proposed. Experimental results on ITC99 benchmark circuits demonstrate the proposed technique outperforms previous work in failure rate with less memory cost to store configurations.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128954199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, video communication of people such as video-phone and video conferencing systems must protect privacy, especially when these applications are based on open IP-network. In this paper, symmetric key encryption and public-key encryption techniques are used to ensure privacy information security. At the same time, a real-time scrambling approach to conceal video information is presented. The sign of transform coefficients for Intra macro-block is pseudo randomly flipped, and so only the authorized persons are allowed to correctly decode the code-stream. Simulation results based on MPEG-4 show that the proposed end-to-end security scheme is feasible. Furthermore, this is achieved with a small impact on coding performance and negligible computation complexity increase.
{"title":"Privacy-Protection in Real-Time Video Communication","authors":"Jie Shen","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.41","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, video communication of people such as video-phone and video conferencing systems must protect privacy, especially when these applications are based on open IP-network. In this paper, symmetric key encryption and public-key encryption techniques are used to ensure privacy information security. At the same time, a real-time scrambling approach to conceal video information is presented. The sign of transform coefficients for Intra macro-block is pseudo randomly flipped, and so only the authorized persons are allowed to correctly decode the code-stream. Simulation results based on MPEG-4 show that the proposed end-to-end security scheme is feasible. Furthermore, this is achieved with a small impact on coding performance and negligible computation complexity increase.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114762546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a parallel reconfigurable architecture is proposed for real-time stereo vision computation. The architecture is divided into four components: input port, output port, memory and processor. We use task partition methods to achieve the maximum parallel and full pipeline processing of the algorithm implementation. We also adopt memory management to decrease the latency of memory access time and accelerate the processing speed. Data bandwidth control is employed to reduce the hardware resource consumption while maintaining precision demand of computation. Based on the proposed architecture and design method, we have developed a miniature stereo vision machine (MSVM33) to generate high-resolution dense disparity maps at the video rate for real-time applications.
{"title":"A Parallel Reconfigurable Architecture for Real-Time Stereo Vision","authors":"Lei Chen, Yunde Jia","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a parallel reconfigurable architecture is proposed for real-time stereo vision computation. The architecture is divided into four components: input port, output port, memory and processor. We use task partition methods to achieve the maximum parallel and full pipeline processing of the algorithm implementation. We also adopt memory management to decrease the latency of memory access time and accelerate the processing speed. Data bandwidth control is employed to reduce the hardware resource consumption while maintaining precision demand of computation. Based on the proposed architecture and design method, we have developed a miniature stereo vision machine (MSVM33) to generate high-resolution dense disparity maps at the video rate for real-time applications.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the automotive electronic system grows larger and more complex, research on software architecture and development methodology becomes more important. This paper proposes a component-based hierarchical software platform for automotive electronics - SmartSAR, which follows the AUTOSAR specification and provides a series of tools for model-driven development, visual configuration and automatic generation. The case study with SmartAMT, a control system of automated mechanical transmission, has shown the advantage of SmartSAR platform in automotive electronic software design.
{"title":"SmartSAR: A Component-Based Hierarchy Software Platform for Automotive Electronics","authors":"Hong Li, Pan Lu, Min Yao, Nan Li","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.54","url":null,"abstract":"As the automotive electronic system grows larger and more complex, research on software architecture and development methodology becomes more important. This paper proposes a component-based hierarchical software platform for automotive electronics - SmartSAR, which follows the AUTOSAR specification and provides a series of tools for model-driven development, visual configuration and automatic generation. The case study with SmartAMT, a control system of automated mechanical transmission, has shown the advantage of SmartSAR platform in automotive electronic software design.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132911390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COMDES-II is a component-based framework for distributed control systems featuring open architecture and predictable operation under hard real-time constraints. It has been experimentally validated in a number of case studies, including the Medical Ventilator Case Study discussed in the paper. The latter presents COMDES-II design models used to re-engineer the control system of an existing Medical Ventilator machine, and the resulting software implementation. The accumulated experience has helped reveal areas of possible improvement, and they have been taken into consideration while developing the latest version of the framework - COMDES-III.
{"title":"Component-Based Design of Software for Embedded Control Systems: The Medical Ventilator Case Study","authors":"Feng Zhou, Wei Guan, K. Sierszecki, C. Angelov","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.72","url":null,"abstract":"COMDES-II is a component-based framework for distributed control systems featuring open architecture and predictable operation under hard real-time constraints. It has been experimentally validated in a number of case studies, including the Medical Ventilator Case Study discussed in the paper. The latter presents COMDES-II design models used to re-engineer the control system of an existing Medical Ventilator machine, and the resulting software implementation. The accumulated experience has helped reveal areas of possible improvement, and they have been taken into consideration while developing the latest version of the framework - COMDES-III.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
System-level software modeling and simulation have become important techniques for real-time embedded system early design space exploration. However, the timing accuracy issues have not been solved well in current methods, which produce unrealistic results or large simulation overheads. In this paper, we propose a mixed timing modeling and simulation approach to decouple conventionally interdependent software timing modeling and simulation into two separate phases. This approach enables (1) mixed software timing information granularities and annotation methods at the modeling stage for performance and accuracy trade-off (2) good software preemption and hardware interrupt handling timing accuracy at the simulation stage without sacrificing simulation performance (3) varying system run-time status observability and simulation speed for efficiency trade-off. Experiments demonstrate that our approach has flexible simulation performance trade-offs and good simulation timing accuracy. The measured results indicate that hardware interruption and software preemption problems are also solved by our approach.
{"title":"A Mixed Timing System-Level Embedded Software Modelling and Simulation Approach","authors":"K. Yu, N. Audsley","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.9","url":null,"abstract":"System-level software modeling and simulation have become important techniques for real-time embedded system early design space exploration. However, the timing accuracy issues have not been solved well in current methods, which produce unrealistic results or large simulation overheads. In this paper, we propose a mixed timing modeling and simulation approach to decouple conventionally interdependent software timing modeling and simulation into two separate phases. This approach enables (1) mixed software timing information granularities and annotation methods at the modeling stage for performance and accuracy trade-off (2) good software preemption and hardware interrupt handling timing accuracy at the simulation stage without sacrificing simulation performance (3) varying system run-time status observability and simulation speed for efficiency trade-off. Experiments demonstrate that our approach has flexible simulation performance trade-offs and good simulation timing accuracy. The measured results indicate that hardware interruption and software preemption problems are also solved by our approach.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoqiang Wang, M. Natale, P. Mosterman, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli
Synchronous Reactive models are used in Model-Based Design to define embedded control applications. The advantage of Model-Based Design is that system properties can be verified on the model and applied to its software implementation if the translation of the model into code preserves its semantics. In this paper, we present an automatic code generation framework for the semantics-preserving implementation of communication in multi-rate systems. The proposed solution applies to the widely used MATLAB and Simulink products. It leverages the Target Language Compiler template language of Real-Time Workshop and extends the applicability of available commercial code generators. The overhead in memory of the presented solution is analyzed and compared with other implementations.
同步响应模型在基于模型的设计中用于定义嵌入式控制应用程序。基于模型的设计的优点是，如果将模型转换为代码保留其语义，则可以在模型上验证系统属性并将其应用于其软件实现。在本文中，我们提出了一个自动代码生成框架，用于多速率系统中保持语义的通信实现。该方案适用于广泛使用的MATLAB和Simulink产品。它利用了Real-Time Workshop的Target Language Compiler模板语言，并扩展了可用的商业代码生成器的适用性。分析了该解决方案的内存开销，并与其他实现进行了比较。
{"title":"Automatic Code Generation for Synchronous Reactive Communication","authors":"Guoqiang Wang, M. Natale, P. Mosterman, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.70","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronous Reactive models are used in Model-Based Design to define embedded control applications. The advantage of Model-Based Design is that system properties can be verified on the model and applied to its software implementation if the translation of the model into code preserves its semantics. In this paper, we present an automatic code generation framework for the semantics-preserving implementation of communication in multi-rate systems. The proposed solution applies to the widely used MATLAB and Simulink products. It leverages the Target Language Compiler template language of Real-Time Workshop and extends the applicability of available commercial code generators. The overhead in memory of the presented solution is analyzed and compared with other implementations.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122072631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Wei Wang, Weinan Chen, Y. Wang, Chenglian Peng
Reconfigurable system provides both flexibility of software and performance of hardware. It is a significant trend in embedded application domain. Some new reconfigurable technologies and technology-dependent tools have been developed, but the whole design flow for run-time reconfigurable systems with real-time operating system support is not proposed. RTOS plays an important role in the system and the co-design flow. The special requirements for reconfigurable embedded systems with RTOS support are analyzed, and a novel co-design flow is proposed in this paper. A design case is presented here, which shows the co-design flows of the implementation of an adaptive signal filtering system on a commercially available reconfigurable platform. The results show that using run-time reconfiguration can save over 66% area when compared to a functionally equivalent fixed system and achieve 24 times speedup in processing time when compared with a functionally equivalent pure software design.
{"title":"A Co-design Flow for Reconfigurable Embedded Computing System with RTOS Support","authors":"Xiao-Wei Wang, Weinan Chen, Y. Wang, Chenglian Peng","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.84","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable system provides both flexibility of software and performance of hardware. It is a significant trend in embedded application domain. Some new reconfigurable technologies and technology-dependent tools have been developed, but the whole design flow for run-time reconfigurable systems with real-time operating system support is not proposed. RTOS plays an important role in the system and the co-design flow. The special requirements for reconfigurable embedded systems with RTOS support are analyzed, and a novel co-design flow is proposed in this paper. A design case is presented here, which shows the co-design flows of the implementation of an adaptive signal filtering system on a commercially available reconfigurable platform. The results show that using run-time reconfiguration can save over 66% area when compared to a functionally equivalent fixed system and achieve 24 times speedup in processing time when compared with a functionally equivalent pure software design.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125244204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Wei Wang, Weinan Chen, Y. Wang, Hong-Jun You, Chenglian Peng
The advantages and the flexibility introduced into the hardware implementation by partial dynamic reconfiguration have rapidly changed the design flow of embedded systems. Configuration management is an important issue in operating system for dynamically reconfigurable system-on-chip. Reconfiguration overhead affects the performance of reconfigurable system. This paper presents a hardware implemented efficient configuration management unit. Wet define our operating system framework based on unified multitask programming model for reconfigurable system-on-chip at first. Then the detailed design and implementation of the configuration management unit are given. Finally a use case is presented, which shows the efficiency of the configuration.
{"title":"The Design and Implementation of Hardware Task Configuration Management Unit on Dynamically Reconfigurable SoC","authors":"Xiao-Wei Wang, Weinan Chen, Y. Wang, Hong-Jun You, Chenglian Peng","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.83","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages and the flexibility introduced into the hardware implementation by partial dynamic reconfiguration have rapidly changed the design flow of embedded systems. Configuration management is an important issue in operating system for dynamically reconfigurable system-on-chip. Reconfiguration overhead affects the performance of reconfigurable system. This paper presents a hardware implemented efficient configuration management unit. Wet define our operating system framework based on unified multitask programming model for reconfigurable system-on-chip at first. Then the detailed design and implementation of the configuration management unit are given. Finally a use case is presented, which shows the efficiency of the configuration.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122919589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiong Fu, Ruchuan Wang, Yangjunxiong Wang, Song Deng
With the advent of high bandwidth third-generation mobile networks and other wireless networks, grid computing has migrated from traditional parallel and distributed computing to pervasive and utility computing based on the wireless networks and mobile devices, which results in the emergence of a new computing paradigm named Mobile Grid. Data replication is widely used in mobile grid environments to reduce access cost and improve data availability. Therefore, replica placement becomes one of important challenges for the replica management in mobile grid environments. This paper addresses the QoS-aware replica placement problem in a tree based mobile grid environments. At the same time this paper proposes a two-step solution for this problem: the first step is a bottom-up dynamic programming approach for placing replicas to satisfy the QoS requirements of mobile users and workload constraint of replicas; then, a binary search based algorithm is used to finish the k replica placement problem in mobile grid environments. Experimental studies show this solution is feasible and efficient for the replica placement problem in mobile grid environments.
{"title":"A Replica Placement Algorithm in Mobile Grid Environments","authors":"Xiong Fu, Ruchuan Wang, Yangjunxiong Wang, Song Deng","doi":"10.1109/ICESS.2009.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESS.2009.68","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of high bandwidth third-generation mobile networks and other wireless networks, grid computing has migrated from traditional parallel and distributed computing to pervasive and utility computing based on the wireless networks and mobile devices, which results in the emergence of a new computing paradigm named Mobile Grid. Data replication is widely used in mobile grid environments to reduce access cost and improve data availability. Therefore, replica placement becomes one of important challenges for the replica management in mobile grid environments. This paper addresses the QoS-aware replica placement problem in a tree based mobile grid environments. At the same time this paper proposes a two-step solution for this problem: the first step is a bottom-up dynamic programming approach for placing replicas to satisfy the QoS requirements of mobile users and workload constraint of replicas; then, a binary search based algorithm is used to finish the k replica placement problem in mobile grid environments. Experimental studies show this solution is feasible and efficient for the replica placement problem in mobile grid environments.","PeriodicalId":335217,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122413728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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