Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473929
G. Tsihrintzis, C. Nikias
We address the problem of detection of signals of known shape but unknown level in incompletely characterized impulsive noise using lower-order moments and order statistics. We form a generalized likelihood ratio test which is based on fractional moment and order statistics, rather than maximum likelihood, estimates of the unknown parameters of the detection problem. We show theoretically, that the estimates we propose are consistent and that the proposed generalized likelihood ratio test is asymptotically equivalent to the optimum likelihood ratio test corresponding to completely known signal and noise parameters (clairvoyant test).<>
{"title":"Signal detection in incompletely characterized impulsive noise modeled as a stable process","authors":"G. Tsihrintzis, C. Nikias","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473929","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of detection of signals of known shape but unknown level in incompletely characterized impulsive noise using lower-order moments and order statistics. We form a generalized likelihood ratio test which is based on fractional moment and order statistics, rather than maximum likelihood, estimates of the unknown parameters of the detection problem. We show theoretically, that the estimates we propose are consistent and that the proposed generalized likelihood ratio test is asymptotically equivalent to the optimum likelihood ratio test corresponding to completely known signal and noise parameters (clairvoyant test).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124734650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473986
C. Redding, D. Weddle
To facilitate the development of anti-interference features for proposed Federal Standard 1049 (adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio standard), adaptive radio systems and concepts have been solicited from Government and industry. One such contribution is an adaptive HF radio system, termed the SMARTNET (Skywave Management for Automatic Robust Transmission Network), that is capable of adapting power, data rate, and frequency under the direction of a network control computer. A recent over-the-air test was conducted to characterize system behavior on an 1100 kM test link between Boulder, CO, and Richardson, TX. A second adaptive system, capable of adapting frequency and based upon the Federal Standard 1045 Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) protocols, operated in parallel with the SMARTNET system during the test period. Data was collected automatically from both systems and analyzed off-line so that the results were compared with predicted data generated by the Ionospheric Communication Enhanced Profile Analysis Circuit Prediction Program (ICEPAC). ICEPAC is an improvement on the older Ionospheric Communications Analysis and Prediction Program (IONCAP). Comparison of the two systems consisted of: (1) power required to maintain the link, (2) selection of the best frequency, and (3) link availability percentage. This paper presents these results, and where appropriate, attempts to draw conclusions as to the significance of future adaptive HF data networks, and to the emerging Federal Standard 1049 interoperability standard.<>
{"title":"Adaptive HF radio test results using real-time channel evaluation systems","authors":"C. Redding, D. Weddle","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473986","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate the development of anti-interference features for proposed Federal Standard 1049 (adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio standard), adaptive radio systems and concepts have been solicited from Government and industry. One such contribution is an adaptive HF radio system, termed the SMARTNET (Skywave Management for Automatic Robust Transmission Network), that is capable of adapting power, data rate, and frequency under the direction of a network control computer. A recent over-the-air test was conducted to characterize system behavior on an 1100 kM test link between Boulder, CO, and Richardson, TX. A second adaptive system, capable of adapting frequency and based upon the Federal Standard 1045 Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) protocols, operated in parallel with the SMARTNET system during the test period. Data was collected automatically from both systems and analyzed off-line so that the results were compared with predicted data generated by the Ionospheric Communication Enhanced Profile Analysis Circuit Prediction Program (ICEPAC). ICEPAC is an improvement on the older Ionospheric Communications Analysis and Prediction Program (IONCAP). Comparison of the two systems consisted of: (1) power required to maintain the link, (2) selection of the best frequency, and (3) link availability percentage. This paper presents these results, and where appropriate, attempts to draw conclusions as to the significance of future adaptive HF data networks, and to the emerging Federal Standard 1049 interoperability standard.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129638734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473912
V. L. Rebbapragada
The essence of distributed battle management (DBM) is to provide timely and relevant information to the battle commander and staff, to support timely command and control decisions to accomplish the mission. What makes the DBM, different and more challenging than the distributed information management of non-military applications, is the battlefield dynamics and the nature of tactical communications, both of which require innovative approaches to information distribution, to support the battle command decision making process in a timely manner. The article examines the concepts, approaches and technology challenges for DBM.<>
{"title":"Distributed battle management for command and control","authors":"V. L. Rebbapragada","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473912","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of distributed battle management (DBM) is to provide timely and relevant information to the battle commander and staff, to support timely command and control decisions to accomplish the mission. What makes the DBM, different and more challenging than the distributed information management of non-military applications, is the battlefield dynamics and the nature of tactical communications, both of which require innovative approaches to information distribution, to support the battle command decision making process in a timely manner. The article examines the concepts, approaches and technology challenges for DBM.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114632311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473913
Dr. Sam Chamberlain, Army
In spite of the incredible advances in computing, battlefield information distribution and processing remains archaic because of the common pitfall of simply automating manual techniques. New technologies have been developed to thwart the propagation of this practice and provide automated information distribution between computers using the limited and constantly varying bandwidth of standard combat net radios. The new technologies are based on three major tenets, namely, exchange data (1) in its most general form, (2) only when truly necessary, and (3) in an efficient manner.<>
{"title":"Automated information distribution in bandwidth-constrained environments","authors":"Dr. Sam Chamberlain, Army","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473913","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the incredible advances in computing, battlefield information distribution and processing remains archaic because of the common pitfall of simply automating manual techniques. New technologies have been developed to thwart the propagation of this practice and provide automated information distribution between computers using the limited and constantly varying bandwidth of standard combat net radios. The new technologies are based on three major tenets, namely, exchange data (1) in its most general form, (2) only when truly necessary, and (3) in an efficient manner.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121440799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473860
D. E. Phillips
The tuning speed of frequency synthesizers is usually specified by either phase or frequency setting. This paper shows that in frequency hopping systems (with FSK type of modulation) phase settling characteristics correspond to system performance better than frequency settling characteristics. This paradoxical condition is discussed in three ways: (1) a simulation compares frequency and phase settling to system performance, (2) intuitive explanations are developed, (because one cannot accept mathematical proof unless it makes sense), and (3) confirmation by mathematical analysis is presented. Finally, phase settling specifications are discussed.<>
{"title":"Settling time specifications: phase or frequency?","authors":"D. E. Phillips","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473860","url":null,"abstract":"The tuning speed of frequency synthesizers is usually specified by either phase or frequency setting. This paper shows that in frequency hopping systems (with FSK type of modulation) phase settling characteristics correspond to system performance better than frequency settling characteristics. This paradoxical condition is discussed in three ways: (1) a simulation compares frequency and phase settling to system performance, (2) intuitive explanations are developed, (because one cannot accept mathematical proof unless it makes sense), and (3) confirmation by mathematical analysis is presented. Finally, phase settling specifications are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473847
W. Andrew, C. Balanis, C. Birtcher, P. A. Tirkas
The FDTD method with higher-order absorbing boundary conditions is used to model and predict the input impedance and the far-field radiation of electrically short antennas. Far-field radiation results are presented and compared with measurement for HF loop (towel bar) and inverted-L antenna elements used at 10 MHz mounted on a helicopter-like body. Wideband input impedance predictions and measurements are also presented. The computed radiation patterns and input impedance compare well with measurements.<>
{"title":"Finite-difference time-domain of HF antennas","authors":"W. Andrew, C. Balanis, C. Birtcher, P. A. Tirkas","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473847","url":null,"abstract":"The FDTD method with higher-order absorbing boundary conditions is used to model and predict the input impedance and the far-field radiation of electrically short antennas. Far-field radiation results are presented and compared with measurement for HF loop (towel bar) and inverted-L antenna elements used at 10 MHz mounted on a helicopter-like body. Wideband input impedance predictions and measurements are also presented. The computed radiation patterns and input impedance compare well with measurements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473824
R. North, J. Zeidler
Multichannel adaptive equalization is a technique which combines (spatial) beamforming and (temporal) equalization into a single filter structure. It is capable of both compensating for channel-induced linear distortions and rejecting broadband interference. The paper compares the performance of multichannel adaptive equalization to both adaptive beamforming and single channel, fractionally-spaced decision feedback equalization for conditions common to line-of-sight digital radio. While the results are preliminary, the multichannel adaptive equalizer shows clear advantages over the performance of the other multipath fading compensation techniques.<>
{"title":"Multichannel adaptive equalization for improved performance in LOS digital radio","authors":"R. North, J. Zeidler","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473824","url":null,"abstract":"Multichannel adaptive equalization is a technique which combines (spatial) beamforming and (temporal) equalization into a single filter structure. It is capable of both compensating for channel-induced linear distortions and rejecting broadband interference. The paper compares the performance of multichannel adaptive equalization to both adaptive beamforming and single channel, fractionally-spaced decision feedback equalization for conditions common to line-of-sight digital radio. While the results are preliminary, the multichannel adaptive equalizer shows clear advantages over the performance of the other multipath fading compensation techniques.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473878
C. Louis, P. Sehier
Introduces a methodology for building neural networks based on a hierarchical approach, and a priori knowledge incorporation to speed up the learning phase. Superiority over a single, large, fully connected neural network classifier is demonstrated in the area of the automatic modulation recognition. This approach reduces the complexity of the system in order to improve generalization reduced sensitivity to initial conditions also allows the automation of the learning phase. Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the hierarchical approach. For 10 modulation types, the hierarchical neural network classifier is compared with the conventional backpropagation learning, the K-nearest-neighbour classifier and the well-known binary decision trees. Recognition rates are as high as 90% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranging from 0 to 50 dB.<>
{"title":"Automatic modulation recognition with a hierarchical neural network","authors":"C. Louis, P. Sehier","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473878","url":null,"abstract":"Introduces a methodology for building neural networks based on a hierarchical approach, and a priori knowledge incorporation to speed up the learning phase. Superiority over a single, large, fully connected neural network classifier is demonstrated in the area of the automatic modulation recognition. This approach reduces the complexity of the system in order to improve generalization reduced sensitivity to initial conditions also allows the automation of the learning phase. Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the hierarchical approach. For 10 modulation types, the hierarchical neural network classifier is compared with the conventional backpropagation learning, the K-nearest-neighbour classifier and the well-known binary decision trees. Recognition rates are as high as 90% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranging from 0 to 50 dB.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131586967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473819
P. Young, P. J. Smith, R.B. Mouldin, M. Rafter
Sustaining the intuitive commander and providing him with a "common view of the battlefield", and the ability to make decisions within the enemy's decision cycle and beyond his contact range, requires the ability to "Digitize the Battlefield" and to "Own the Spectrum"-enabling our forces to reliably communicate at will. Such a communications system needs to provide seamless, timely, robust, reliable, and survivable communications over widely dispersed geographical areas. Support must be provided for a vast complex of sensors as well as supporting command and control for multiple command layers. The Post Cold War/21/sup st/ Century Land Combat doctrine emphasizes mobility and C2OTM (Command and Control On The Move), requiring the communication network to dynamically respond to continuously changing network topology. Based upon previously published work in survivable communications networks, this paper discusses the evaluation of resource allocation schemes applicable to wireless LAN bridge interconnects. Specifically, the paper addresses allocatable channel design applicable to the distribution of available bandwidth to disadvantaged network users based on their immediate data transmission requirements. Key here is the size and number of channels to be included in the design, and the control and management of the available bandwidth within the constraints imposed by the tactical scenario. Simulation results are described which delineate the trade-offs leading to an architecture providing optimum performance.<>
{"title":"Dynamic resource allocation for wireless LAN interconnect","authors":"P. Young, P. J. Smith, R.B. Mouldin, M. Rafter","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473819","url":null,"abstract":"Sustaining the intuitive commander and providing him with a \"common view of the battlefield\", and the ability to make decisions within the enemy's decision cycle and beyond his contact range, requires the ability to \"Digitize the Battlefield\" and to \"Own the Spectrum\"-enabling our forces to reliably communicate at will. Such a communications system needs to provide seamless, timely, robust, reliable, and survivable communications over widely dispersed geographical areas. Support must be provided for a vast complex of sensors as well as supporting command and control for multiple command layers. The Post Cold War/21/sup st/ Century Land Combat doctrine emphasizes mobility and C2OTM (Command and Control On The Move), requiring the communication network to dynamically respond to continuously changing network topology. Based upon previously published work in survivable communications networks, this paper discusses the evaluation of resource allocation schemes applicable to wireless LAN bridge interconnects. Specifically, the paper addresses allocatable channel design applicable to the distribution of available bandwidth to disadvantaged network users based on their immediate data transmission requirements. Key here is the size and number of channels to be included in the design, and the control and management of the available bandwidth within the constraints imposed by the tactical scenario. Simulation results are described which delineate the trade-offs leading to an architecture providing optimum performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133091531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-02DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473891
J. Schlaerth
Tactical wide-area network (WAN) management is concerned with the facilities to monitor and control the resources that provide high-quality tactical area communications services. Narrowly focused approaches have resulted in fielding of network control facilities (NCFs) dedicated to the individual management of a single family of tactical devices. These piecemeal approaches are now being recognized as architecturally inadequate solutions for the future integrated services tactical WAN. This paper describes an application of commercially developed network management techniques to the specific case of the tactical WAN. In particular, a concept is presented for a scalable super-agent, positioned at tactical WAN backbone hubs, called the Equipment Management Tool (EMT). It is a general approach, applicable to both existing and emerging tactical communications equipment. The purpose of the EMT is to provide an efficient, unified means of management access to hub resources.<>
{"title":"A concept for tactical wide-area network hub management","authors":"J. Schlaerth","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1994.473891","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical wide-area network (WAN) management is concerned with the facilities to monitor and control the resources that provide high-quality tactical area communications services. Narrowly focused approaches have resulted in fielding of network control facilities (NCFs) dedicated to the individual management of a single family of tactical devices. These piecemeal approaches are now being recognized as architecturally inadequate solutions for the future integrated services tactical WAN. This paper describes an application of commercially developed network management techniques to the specific case of the tactical WAN. In particular, a concept is presented for a scalable super-agent, positioned at tactical WAN backbone hubs, called the Equipment Management Tool (EMT). It is a general approach, applicable to both existing and emerging tactical communications equipment. The purpose of the EMT is to provide an efficient, unified means of management access to hub resources.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":337873,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of MILCOM '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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