{"title":"Kurzbiographien der Autorinnen und Autoren","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79868481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the mid-1950s the Hoesch steel company invested in the diversification of its products and started to develop plastic-coated steel. This composite material was named Platal, meaning ›plated steel‹. The trademark was registered in the early 1930s and is valid until today; production in the post-war era ranged from powder compacts and containers for the chemical industry to construction elements for prefabricated houses. During a phase of generally intensified advertised building with prefabricated elements in West Germany in the late 1950s/early 1960s, Hoesch started cooperative ventures with companies, engineers and architects experienced in system construction, like Ernst Neufert, and to expand existing production facilities. This chapter discusses the planning, decision-making and production processes of these prefabricated houses from a material and fabrication point of view.
{"title":"Prozesse und Produkte","authors":"Silke Haps","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the mid-1950s the Hoesch steel company invested in the diversification of its products and started to develop plastic-coated steel. This composite material was named Platal, meaning ›plated steel‹. The trademark was registered in the early 1930s and is valid until today; production in the post-war era ranged from powder compacts and containers for the chemical industry to construction elements for prefabricated houses. During a phase of generally intensified advertised building with prefabricated elements in West Germany in the late 1950s/early 1960s, Hoesch started cooperative ventures with companies, engineers and architects experienced in system construction, like Ernst Neufert, and to expand existing production facilities. This chapter discusses the planning, decision-making and production processes of these prefabricated houses from a material and fabrication point of view.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"81 1","pages":"80 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76272184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the 1950s the Dortmund-based steel manufacturer Hoesch developed a process of coating strip steel with synthetic material naming the product Platal. One idea of selling Platal was using it for serially prefabricated bungalows. In the spring of 1964, the first prefabricated steel bungalows could be delivered. But instead of selling 1.000 houses per year as planned, the estimation is that until the end of production in 1966 only 150 to 200 unities had been produced in various sizes. Seven of those steel bungalows were erected by Hoesch in Hombruch, a southern suburb of Dortmund, and were rented out to senior executives of Hoesch.
{"title":"Alltag im Hoesch-Bungalow","authors":"Isolde Parussel","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 1950s the Dortmund-based steel manufacturer Hoesch developed a process of coating strip steel with synthetic material naming the product Platal. One idea of selling Platal was using it for serially prefabricated bungalows. In the spring of 1964, the first prefabricated steel bungalows could be delivered. But instead of selling 1.000 houses per year as planned, the estimation is that until the end of production in 1966 only 150 to 200 unities had been produced in various sizes. Seven of those steel bungalows were erected by Hoesch in Hombruch, a southern suburb of Dortmund, and were rented out to senior executives of Hoesch.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"100 1","pages":"110 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75273628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Eberswalde (Brandenburg), a model house estate built in 1931 by Hirsch Kupfer- und Messingwerke has been preserved. The special feature of the eight house types built in lightweight construction is their outer skin of copper sheets. The structure consists of wall segments prefabricated in the factory, which were plugged together on the building site using patented connecting elements. One of the houses was built under the supervision of Walter Gropius, who for a short period of time was in charge of the factory’s house construction department. Here he tried to realize his idea of the building kit on a large scale, in which houses were to be produced on stock in factories. A considerable amount of plans as well as correspondence prove how profoundly Gropius was concerned with the development of the copper houses.
在勃兰登堡(Eberswalde)，一座由Hirsch Kupfer- und Messingwerke于1931年建造的样板房被保留了下来。这八种轻量化房屋的特殊之处在于它们的外层是铜片。该结构由工厂预制的墙段组成，这些墙段使用专利连接元件在建筑现场连接在一起。其中一栋房屋是在沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯的监督下建造的，他曾短暂地负责工厂的房屋建设部门。在这里，他试图实现他的大规模建筑套件的想法，其中房屋将在工厂库存生产。大量的计划和信件证明格罗皮乌斯对铜屋的发展是多么的关心。
{"title":"Der große Baukasten","authors":"A. D. V. Boetticher","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Eberswalde (Brandenburg), a model house estate built in 1931 by Hirsch Kupfer- und Messingwerke has been preserved. The special feature of the eight house types built in lightweight construction is their outer skin of copper sheets. The structure consists of wall segments prefabricated in the factory, which were plugged together on the building site using patented connecting elements. One of the houses was built under the supervision of Walter Gropius, who for a short period of time was in charge of the factory’s house construction department. Here he tried to realize his idea of the building kit on a large scale, in which houses were to be produced on stock in factories. A considerable amount of plans as well as correspondence prove how profoundly Gropius was concerned with the development of the copper houses.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"108 1","pages":"2 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73032912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The steel prefabricated family house ›Quelle-Fertighaus‹ designed and constructed by the German company Quelle, is an innovative modular system commercialised in 1962. All aspects of the Quelle-Fertighaus are planned on the principle of minimal effort for maximal flexibility. The clever design of the ground plan based on a 4 m × 7 m module offers the flexibility for either one to three additional modules. The steel construction is innovative and unique, consisting of load-bearing portal frames acting as braces. The house design is furthermore characterised by a simple metrical grid layout and the practical placement of the foundation and basement, which allowed the very cost-effective production and the lowest price for a prefabricated family house in Germany during the postwar era. Nowadays its portal-frame-construction offers an interesting approach for its renovation and transformation according to present building demands.
{"title":"Das Quelle-Fertighaus","authors":"Anke Fissabre, E. Rottke","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The steel prefabricated family house ›Quelle-Fertighaus‹ designed and constructed by the German company Quelle, is an innovative modular system commercialised in 1962. All aspects of the Quelle-Fertighaus are planned on the principle of minimal effort for maximal flexibility. The clever design of the ground plan based on a 4 m × 7 m module offers the flexibility for either one to three additional modules. The steel construction is innovative and unique, consisting of load-bearing portal frames acting as braces. The house design is furthermore characterised by a simple metrical grid layout and the practical placement of the foundation and basement, which allowed the very cost-effective production and the lowest price for a prefabricated family house in Germany during the postwar era. Nowadays its portal-frame-construction offers an interesting approach for its renovation and transformation according to present building demands.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"188 1","pages":"56 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76859190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The construction experience of M.A.N. company was reflected in the M.A.N. steel house in the sophisticated panel construction and the simplicity of the joints. The designers met the requirement of creating a modern functional home with the exceptionally high-quality façade modules, efficient insulation, double-glazing of the windows and integration of the most modern building services for maximum living comfort. With the standardisation of construction elements, M.A.N. chimed with the spirit of the times, and the extremely short construction time of just a few weeks was also advantageous. While the contemporary clients appreciated performance and equipment, the traditional shape imitating cubature and façade design failed. Responding to the clients’ wishes by developing variations distinguished the M.A.N. steel house as the most flexible prefabricated house. At the same time, it was precisely the individualisation that brought the manufacturing company disproportionately high production costs and prevented profitable series production.
{"title":"M.A.N.-Stahlhäuser","authors":"Bernhard Irmler, Elke Nagel","doi":"10.1515/atc-2021-1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/atc-2021-1004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The construction experience of M.A.N. company was reflected in the M.A.N. steel house in the sophisticated panel construction and the simplicity of the joints. The designers met the requirement of creating a modern functional home with the exceptionally high-quality façade modules, efficient insulation, double-glazing of the windows and integration of the most modern building services for maximum living comfort. With the standardisation of construction elements, M.A.N. chimed with the spirit of the times, and the extremely short construction time of just a few weeks was also advantageous. While the contemporary clients appreciated performance and equipment, the traditional shape imitating cubature and façade design failed. Responding to the clients’ wishes by developing variations distinguished the M.A.N. steel house as the most flexible prefabricated house. At the same time, it was precisely the individualisation that brought the manufacturing company disproportionately high production costs and prevented profitable series production.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"235 1","pages":"30 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80425079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to assess the local variation in the first aquifer’s intrinsic vulnerability to pollution and identify potential sources of pollution that can affect groundwater quality. The analysis included 29 representative groundwater intakes from the map sheet MHP-814 Piekoszów (Świętokrzyskie Voivodship). A map was created with the marked intakes, the degree of their intrinsic vulnerability to pollution and existing hazards. Intakes potentially threatened by anthropogenic pollution were indicated. The compiled study has an informative function and can be used to make land use maps in municipalities, design protection zones, and create scenarios of threats to the groundwater intakes from specific pollution.
{"title":"THE RISK OF CONTAMINATION OF THE FIRST AQUIFER IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODSHIP (MHP-814 PIEKOSZÓW)","authors":"Edyta Nartowska","doi":"10.22630/aspa.2023.22.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to assess the local variation in the first aquifer’s intrinsic vulnerability to pollution and identify potential sources of pollution that can affect groundwater quality. The analysis included 29 representative groundwater intakes from the map sheet MHP-814 Piekoszów (Świętokrzyskie Voivodship). A map was created with the marked intakes, the degree of their intrinsic vulnerability to pollution and existing hazards. Intakes potentially threatened by anthropogenic pollution were indicated. The compiled study has an informative function and can be used to make land use maps in municipalities, design protection zones, and create scenarios of threats to the groundwater intakes from specific pollution.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84198999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes the ageing process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. Research on accelerated ageing of a uniaxial HDPE geogrid incubated in a water solution for a period of 12 months is presented. Three temperatures (25°, 45° and 75°C) were selected for the accelerated ageing tests in aqueous solutions simulating the conditions at a municipal waste landfill. Changes were observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and correlations with the mechanical properties of the aged geogrid were checked. No significant effect of the loss of antioxidant in the material on the mechanical properties of the uniaxial geogrid was observed. The tests made it possible to determine the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and deformability of the geogrid – which are extremely important in the analysis of slope stability.
{"title":"DURABILITY TESTS OF GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS USED IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS","authors":"A. Kiersnowska","doi":"10.22630/aspa.2023.22.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the ageing process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. Research on accelerated ageing of a uniaxial HDPE geogrid incubated in a water solution for a period of 12 months is presented. Three temperatures (25°, 45° and 75°C) were selected for the accelerated ageing tests in aqueous solutions simulating the conditions at a municipal waste landfill. Changes were observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and correlations with the mechanical properties of the aged geogrid were checked. No significant effect of the loss of antioxidant in the material on the mechanical properties of the uniaxial geogrid was observed. The tests made it possible to determine the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and deformability of the geogrid – which are extremely important in the analysis of slope stability.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73367272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The economic growth of lowland areas is closely related to water management, with the development of valley areas limited by local hydrological conditions. The water retention shaped by hydro-technical structures enables the subsequent use of water for flood protection, agricultural, industrial, fire-fighting, energy, or recreational purposes, conditioning the potential development opportunities of the region. Over the years, there have been different approaches to the exploitation of water resources – from total subordination of nature by man to the development of sustainable solutions. However, to utilise the potential of rivers, channels and valleys were subjected to regulation, which in some cases provided immediate economic benefits, but in the long-term, deprived the river of its natural qualities, inhibiting its ability to self-purification morphodynamic processes. The water runoff acceleration as a result of channel straightening and concreting, combined with the narrowing of river valleys, led to a progressive increase in flood risk. As observed, over the years, such rivers increased the flood problem, oppositely to intentions. In response to deteriorating hydromorphological conditions, a variety of mitigation measures have been undertaken, which can be broadly termed as river restoration. The article presents the most common causes leading to the loss of naturalness, one of the most significant environmental effects. As demonstrated, most often, the loss of naturalness of water occurs through the influence of several factors, although in individual cases, it is possible to recognise one of them as the main threat source
{"title":"LOSS OF RIVER NATURALNESS – CAUSES AND CASE","authors":"M. Kiraga, Anna Maria Remer","doi":"10.22630/aspa.2023.22.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.8","url":null,"abstract":"The economic growth of lowland areas is closely related to water management, with the development of valley areas limited by local hydrological conditions. The water retention shaped by hydro-technical structures enables the subsequent use of water for flood protection, agricultural, industrial, fire-fighting, energy, or recreational purposes, conditioning the potential development opportunities of the region. Over the years, there have been different approaches to the exploitation of water resources – from total subordination of nature by man to the development of sustainable solutions. However, to utilise the potential of rivers, channels and valleys were subjected to regulation, which in some cases provided immediate economic benefits, but in the long-term, deprived the river of its natural qualities, inhibiting its ability to self-purification morphodynamic processes. The water runoff acceleration as a result of channel straightening and concreting, combined with the narrowing of river valleys, led to a progressive increase in flood risk. As observed, over the years, such rivers increased the flood problem, oppositely to intentions. In response to deteriorating hydromorphological conditions, a variety of mitigation measures have been undertaken, which can be broadly termed as river restoration. The article presents the most common causes leading to the loss of naturalness, one of the most significant environmental effects. As demonstrated, most often, the loss of naturalness of water occurs through the influence of several factors, although in individual cases, it is possible to recognise one of them as the main threat source","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76348520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brick objects are subject to large dynamic loads clearly reflected by generated vibration processes. The vibrations may affect the state of serviceability of structures by lowering the comfort of persons working there, as well as possibly reaching a level hazardous to the safety of the structures. The effect of vibrations on the structure is mainly manifested by additional stresses in a given cross-section, which are summed up with those resulting from static loads. The dynamic loads may cause damaging effects in buildings of various structural types or even lead to their destruction. The article describes a series of original analyses of the process of destruction of selected masonry objects using the experimental modal analysis. The research was conducted to improve the quality assessment of building structures in terms of the technical condition of masonry structures and meeting safety standards.
{"title":"Vibration measurement in the degradation study of building construction materials","authors":"M. Żółtowski","doi":"10.22630/aspa.2023.22.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.3","url":null,"abstract":"Brick objects are subject to large dynamic loads clearly reflected by generated vibration processes. The vibrations may affect the state of serviceability of structures by lowering the comfort of persons working there, as well as possibly reaching a level hazardous to the safety of the structures. The effect of vibrations on the structure is mainly manifested by additional stresses in a given cross-section, which are summed up with those resulting from static loads. The dynamic loads may cause damaging effects in buildings of various structural types or even lead to their destruction. The article describes a series of original analyses of the process of destruction of selected masonry objects using the experimental modal analysis. The research was conducted to improve the quality assessment of building structures in terms of the technical condition of masonry structures and meeting safety standards.","PeriodicalId":33811,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84172851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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