Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530676
R. Karhi, J. Mankowski, D. Hemmert, S. Holt
The design and implementation of a real time feedback control system for a distributed energy, bench top, electromagnetic launcher is presented. The feedback control system provides optimum pulse shaping by real time control of solid state switches. Advantages of pulse shaping control include increased energy efficiency and control of armature exit velocity. Lab VIEW 8.0 software1 is used to program a National Instruments CompactRIO programmable automation controller (PAC). This provides real time processing by use of the reconfigurable I/O (RIO) FPGA technology. The program controls switch timing from analog feedback signals supplied by B-dot probes placed along the rail length. Through signal analysis, real time armature position is derived. The program uses this data to control pulse shape and width. A dedicated B-dot probe is placed at the beginning of each stage which is the desired triggering location. A flux ruler sensor along the bore length provides a secondary velocity calculation excluded from the control system. This sensor provides velocity measurements for every centimeter of bore travel. Collected data is used to characterize the system under test for different load conditions.
{"title":"Real Time Feedback Control System for an Electromagnetic Launcher","authors":"R. Karhi, J. Mankowski, D. Hemmert, S. Holt","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530676","url":null,"abstract":"The design and implementation of a real time feedback control system for a distributed energy, bench top, electromagnetic launcher is presented. The feedback control system provides optimum pulse shaping by real time control of solid state switches. Advantages of pulse shaping control include increased energy efficiency and control of armature exit velocity. Lab VIEW 8.0 software1 is used to program a National Instruments CompactRIO programmable automation controller (PAC). This provides real time processing by use of the reconfigurable I/O (RIO) FPGA technology. The program controls switch timing from analog feedback signals supplied by B-dot probes placed along the rail length. Through signal analysis, real time armature position is derived. The program uses this data to control pulse shape and width. A dedicated B-dot probe is placed at the beginning of each stage which is the desired triggering location. A flux ruler sensor along the bore length provides a secondary velocity calculation excluded from the control system. This sensor provides velocity measurements for every centimeter of bore travel. Collected data is used to characterize the system under test for different load conditions.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122890104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530719
A. Bykov, N. I. Egorov, G. V. Boriskov, M. I. Dolotenko, Y. Kuropatkin, V. D. Mironenko, S. Belov, V. G. Belyashkin, M. Lomonosov, N. Lukyanov
The paper describes a device for isentropic compression of frozen gases by an ultra-high magnetic field pressure of a cascade magneto-cumulative generator MC-1. Experimental results on isentropic compression of hydrogen isotopes in solid state up to pressure of ~3 Mbar are presented. The experimental results are compared with a calculation. The study into thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogen isotopes within a wide range of pressure and temperature is caused on one hand by their wide spread in the world, the role that they play in structure of stars and giant planets, and on the other hand by their practical importance in life of the whole mankind as future basic energy sources – thermonuclear fusion, theoretical ability for existence of superconducting metal hydrogen at room temperature, and so on. To get wide-range equations of state of hydrogen isotopes both static and dynamic methods are used, both having advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Isentropic Compression of Crystal Phase of Hydrogen Isotopes in Megabar Pressure Range","authors":"A. Bykov, N. I. Egorov, G. V. Boriskov, M. I. Dolotenko, Y. Kuropatkin, V. D. Mironenko, S. Belov, V. G. Belyashkin, M. Lomonosov, N. Lukyanov","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530719","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a device for isentropic compression of frozen gases by an ultra-high magnetic field pressure of a cascade magneto-cumulative generator MC-1. Experimental results on isentropic compression of hydrogen isotopes in solid state up to pressure of ~3 Mbar are presented. The experimental results are compared with a calculation. The study into thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogen isotopes within a wide range of pressure and temperature is caused on one hand by their wide spread in the world, the role that they play in structure of stars and giant planets, and on the other hand by their practical importance in life of the whole mankind as future basic energy sources – thermonuclear fusion, theoretical ability for existence of superconducting metal hydrogen at room temperature, and so on. To get wide-range equations of state of hydrogen isotopes both static and dynamic methods are used, both having advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128446006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530658
I. Lindemuth, R. Siemon
A growing number of researchers worldwide are recognizing that the technology of the Megagauss Conferences has opened the possibility of achieving controlled thermonuclear fusion in a relatively unexplored fusion fuel density regime. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) operates at a density intermediate between the fuel density of the two conventional fusion approaches, magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In this paper, we review the fuel conditions (e. g., confinement time, density, temperature) that must be met to achieve significant fusion energy release. We show that the constraint of steady-state operation forces MCF to operate at the low end of the density spectrum and that the constraint of unmagnetized fuel forces ICF to operate at the high end. Our analysis shows that operation at an intermediate density (1018-1022/cm3) has many attractive features and potentially overcomes some of the obstacles, particularly cost, faced by the more conventional approaches.
{"title":"The Basis of Magnetized Target Fusion - A Fusion Primer","authors":"I. Lindemuth, R. Siemon","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530658","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of researchers worldwide are recognizing that the technology of the Megagauss Conferences has opened the possibility of achieving controlled thermonuclear fusion in a relatively unexplored fusion fuel density regime. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) operates at a density intermediate between the fuel density of the two conventional fusion approaches, magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In this paper, we review the fuel conditions (e. g., confinement time, density, temperature) that must be met to achieve significant fusion energy release. We show that the constraint of steady-state operation forces MCF to operate at the low end of the density spectrum and that the constraint of unmagnetized fuel forces ICF to operate at the high end. Our analysis shows that operation at an intermediate density (1018-1022/cm3) has many attractive features and potentially overcomes some of the obstacles, particularly cost, faced by the more conventional approaches.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127435209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530723
S. Colgate
It is suggested that the minimum energy route to inertial fusion ignition is where the density of fuel and confining material is sufficiently high that the heat of the thermonuclear fuel can be contained at equilibrium conditions at ignition temperature with negligible penalty of thermal heat loss. Naturally the period of this confinement is established by the "inertial" conditions, but it is found that the scaling of reaction rate and thermal confinement time strongly favors thermal equilibrium conditions within the fuel rather than the standard model where higher temperatures allow the energy production reaction rate to exceed the radiation (bremstralhung) loss rate. Because of the high penalty of the energy within the confinement medium, the "pusher", (~ ×5 that of the fuel), there is a high premium in maintaining the "adiabat" of the high density confining material as close to Fermi degeneracy, i.e., cold, as possible. Furthermore, because of this requirement for a cold adiabat, an efficient route from stored electrical energy, i.e., capacitors, to ignition is suggested. The stable and efficient acceleration of a thin metal shell, a "liner" to modest velocities, ~ 0.5 cm/¿s by the magnetic field of the current of capacitor discharge, has been well documented for relatively modest rise times of the current, ~ 5 ¿s. Multiple high density cylindrical mass shells, e.g.
{"title":"Equilibrium Ignition, a Minimum Energy Route to Fusion Via Multiple Mass Shell Collisions","authors":"S. Colgate","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530723","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that the minimum energy route to inertial fusion ignition is where the density of fuel and confining material is sufficiently high that the heat of the thermonuclear fuel can be contained at equilibrium conditions at ignition temperature with negligible penalty of thermal heat loss. Naturally the period of this confinement is established by the \"inertial\" conditions, but it is found that the scaling of reaction rate and thermal confinement time strongly favors thermal equilibrium conditions within the fuel rather than the standard model where higher temperatures allow the energy production reaction rate to exceed the radiation (bremstralhung) loss rate. Because of the high penalty of the energy within the confinement medium, the \"pusher\", (~ ×5 that of the fuel), there is a high premium in maintaining the \"adiabat\" of the high density confining material as close to Fermi degeneracy, i.e., cold, as possible. Furthermore, because of this requirement for a cold adiabat, an efficient route from stored electrical energy, i.e., capacitors, to ignition is suggested. The stable and efficient acceleration of a thin metal shell, a \"liner\" to modest velocities, ~ 0.5 cm/¿s by the magnetic field of the current of capacitor discharge, has been well documented for relatively modest rise times of the current, ~ 5 ¿s. Multiple high density cylindrical mass shells, e.g.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131478716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530703
P. Tracy, J. Burch, L. Altgilbers, T.X. Zhang, S. Wu
This paper presents a mathematical model for the basic physics involved in fast sparkgap switches. The model considers the time dependent breakdown process for the gas under consideration. Parameters include the applied electric field, the gas pressure and electron elastic and inelastic collision frequencies. The model is applied to published test results for air and hydrogen sparkgap switches. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the design of sparkgap switches for use with magnetocumulative generator (MCG) driven circuits.
{"title":"Nanosecond Sparkgap Switches","authors":"P. Tracy, J. Burch, L. Altgilbers, T.X. Zhang, S. Wu","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530703","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mathematical model for the basic physics involved in fast sparkgap switches. The model considers the time dependent breakdown process for the gas under consideration. Parameters include the applied electric field, the gas pressure and electron elastic and inelastic collision frequencies. The model is applied to published test results for air and hydrogen sparkgap switches. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the design of sparkgap switches for use with magnetocumulative generator (MCG) driven circuits.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132444282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530705
G. Shneerson, O. S. Koltunov, D. A. Dyogtev, S. Krivosheev, V. V. Titkov, A. Borovkov, D. Mikhaluk
A problem of construction of the indestructible magnet with the characteristic magnetic induction of about 100 T has not been solved up to now notwithstanding efforts of many laboratories. Along with using of new strong materials and improving of the winding fabrication process it is promising to consider a possibility to construct a magnet with the quasi-force-free (QFF) winding. Previous study (see1-4, for example) has shown possibility to decrease significantly stresses in QFF magnet with the winding containing equilibrated current layers. In the basic part of the QFF magnet consisting of N layers, the residual pressure is N2 times less than the magnetic pressure of the generated field. The first full-scale model of the QFF winding 5'6 has demonstrated a possibility of its realization in a system with the face plate shields. The aim of calculations presented in the talk is to confirm on the concrete examples a possibility to achieve the megagauss field in the QFF magnet constructed from obtainable materials.
{"title":"Computer Model of a Quasi-Force-Free Magnet with a 100-T Field","authors":"G. Shneerson, O. S. Koltunov, D. A. Dyogtev, S. Krivosheev, V. V. Titkov, A. Borovkov, D. Mikhaluk","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530705","url":null,"abstract":"A problem of construction of the indestructible magnet with the characteristic magnetic induction of about 100 T has not been solved up to now notwithstanding efforts of many laboratories. Along with using of new strong materials and improving of the winding fabrication process it is promising to consider a possibility to construct a magnet with the quasi-force-free (QFF) winding. Previous study (see1-4, for example) has shown possibility to decrease significantly stresses in QFF magnet with the winding containing equilibrated current layers. In the basic part of the QFF magnet consisting of N layers, the residual pressure is N2 times less than the magnetic pressure of the generated field. The first full-scale model of the QFF winding 5'6 has demonstrated a possibility of its realization in a system with the face plate shields. The aim of calculations presented in the talk is to confirm on the concrete examples a possibility to achieve the megagauss field in the QFF magnet constructed from obtainable materials.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530722
C. Coverdale, C. Deeney, B. Jones, P. Lepell, A. Velikovich, J. Thornhill, J. Apruzese, K. Whitney, R. Clark, J. Davis, J. Levine, H. Sze, J. Banister, B. Failor, N. Qi, Y. Maron
Over the last several years, the Z Accelerator has been engaged in research on near-Planckian x-ray sources for inertial confinement fusion and on K-shell emitting sources for radiation-material interaction studies. These radiating z pinches exhibit complex dynamics that have been, and continue to be, studied over a wide range of configurations. In this paper, the progress to date for the production of tens to hundreds of kilojoules of K-shell emission from 8 keV to 3 keV will be presented. Nested wire arrays and multi-shell gas puffs have been employed to help mitigate implosion instabilities and asymmetries to produce x-ray powers of tens of terawatts with emitted x-ray risetimes of a few nanoseconds. Spectroscopy and modeling of these pinches are providing insight into the role of temperature and density gradients and other plasma phenomena in the production of the radiation. Future directions will also be discussed.
{"title":"High Current Wire Array and Gas Puff Implosions on the Z Accelerator to Produce Intense K-Shell X-Ray Emissions","authors":"C. Coverdale, C. Deeney, B. Jones, P. Lepell, A. Velikovich, J. Thornhill, J. Apruzese, K. Whitney, R. Clark, J. Davis, J. Levine, H. Sze, J. Banister, B. Failor, N. Qi, Y. Maron","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530722","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last several years, the Z Accelerator has been engaged in research on near-Planckian x-ray sources for inertial confinement fusion and on K-shell emitting sources for radiation-material interaction studies. These radiating z pinches exhibit complex dynamics that have been, and continue to be, studied over a wide range of configurations. In this paper, the progress to date for the production of tens to hundreds of kilojoules of K-shell emission from 8 keV to 3 keV will be presented. Nested wire arrays and multi-shell gas puffs have been employed to help mitigate implosion instabilities and asymmetries to produce x-ray powers of tens of terawatts with emitted x-ray risetimes of a few nanoseconds. Spectroscopy and modeling of these pinches are providing insight into the role of temperature and density gradients and other plasma phenomena in the production of the radiation. Future directions will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115446562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530683
J. Sims, J. Schillig, H. Coe, C. Ammerman
The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Tallahassee, Florida has undertaken an effort to design and build a 100 T non-destructive magnet. The magnet will be located in Los Alamos and will be used for studying properties of materials at high magnetic fields. The goal for the 100 T magnet is a duration of 15 ms above 80 T in a 24-mm bore. The pulsed magnet will be cooled to 80K prior to each shot. The magnet will consist of a relatively small, capacitor-driven magnet at the center (called the 'insert') specifically designed to operate within a large "platform" magnetic field. Located around the small capacitor-driven magnet is an outer set of seven nested coils (called the 'outsert') driven by energy stored in a motor/generator. Each of these seven coils in the outsert is supported by a cylindrical reinforcing shell. The reinforcing shells for the inner four coils of the outsert have a unique design. These four shells are constructed of Nitronic 40 'bobbins' that are over- wrapped with high-strength 301SS. This paper describes the design, analysis, and testing of these reinforced, magnet-coil support shells.
{"title":"Investigation of Reinforced, Magnet-Coil Support Shells for the NHMFL 100 Tesla Non-Destructive Magnet","authors":"J. Sims, J. Schillig, H. Coe, C. Ammerman","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530683","url":null,"abstract":"The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Tallahassee, Florida has undertaken an effort to design and build a 100 T non-destructive magnet. The magnet will be located in Los Alamos and will be used for studying properties of materials at high magnetic fields. The goal for the 100 T magnet is a duration of 15 ms above 80 T in a 24-mm bore. The pulsed magnet will be cooled to 80K prior to each shot. The magnet will consist of a relatively small, capacitor-driven magnet at the center (called the 'insert') specifically designed to operate within a large \"platform\" magnetic field. Located around the small capacitor-driven magnet is an outer set of seven nested coils (called the 'outsert') driven by energy stored in a motor/generator. Each of these seven coils in the outsert is supported by a cylindrical reinforcing shell. The reinforcing shells for the inner four coils of the outsert have a unique design. These four shells are constructed of Nitronic 40 'bobbins' that are over- wrapped with high-strength 301SS. This paper describes the design, analysis, and testing of these reinforced, magnet-coil support shells.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"34 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124329239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530699
P. Duday, V. A. Ivanov, A. I. Krayev, O. D. Mikhailov, A. N. Skobelev
In some experiments conducted on the powerful capacitor facilities it is necessary to keep the electromagnetic energy in the load as long as possible, i.e. to support the current in the load during a longer period of time. This can be realized by installing a fast-operating closing switch (in literature called "crowbar") at the capacitors output or at the load input. Herewith, the closing switch should have a low self-inductance and an active resistance in the process of operation as compared with a discharge circuit of a pulsed source. The paper describes the design and presents the results of the experiments with an explosive cumulative current closing switch having a minimum amount of HE that allows using it both at the test sites and on the laboratory facilities. In the experiments conducted the amplitude of current in a discharge circuit reached 50 kA, the contact keeping time was no more than 100 mus, and the magnitude of contact resistance was within the range 0,1...0,2 mOhm. When the powerful pulsed sources of current are used, a necessity arises in a number of cases to close some parts of the electric circuit of the source. For example, often the load circuit is separated from the source circuit with the help of a special closing switch at a required time moment to limit the effect of the pulsed current source on the load. The fast-operating closing switches for the electric circuits of powerful pulsed sources of current are called crowbars.
{"title":"Experimental Study of an Explosive Cumulative Current Closing Switch for Powerful Capacitor Facilities","authors":"P. Duday, V. A. Ivanov, A. I. Krayev, O. D. Mikhailov, A. N. Skobelev","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530699","url":null,"abstract":"In some experiments conducted on the powerful capacitor facilities it is necessary to keep the electromagnetic energy in the load as long as possible, i.e. to support the current in the load during a longer period of time. This can be realized by installing a fast-operating closing switch (in literature called \"crowbar\") at the capacitors output or at the load input. Herewith, the closing switch should have a low self-inductance and an active resistance in the process of operation as compared with a discharge circuit of a pulsed source. The paper describes the design and presents the results of the experiments with an explosive cumulative current closing switch having a minimum amount of HE that allows using it both at the test sites and on the laboratory facilities. In the experiments conducted the amplitude of current in a discharge circuit reached 50 kA, the contact keeping time was no more than 100 mus, and the magnitude of contact resistance was within the range 0,1...0,2 mOhm. When the powerful pulsed sources of current are used, a necessity arises in a number of cases to close some parts of the electric circuit of the source. For example, often the load circuit is separated from the source circuit with the help of a special closing switch at a required time moment to limit the effect of the pulsed current source on the load. The fast-operating closing switches for the electric circuits of powerful pulsed sources of current are called crowbars.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125864103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-11-01DOI: 10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530694
S. Shkuratov, E. Talantsev, J. Baird, L. Altgilbers, A. Stults
A new application of the effect of transverse-shock-wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnets for powering an explosive-driven helical flux compression generator (FCG) is proposed. The novel FCG seeding system based on a compact transverse shock-wave ferromagnetic generator (FMG) containing a 200-cm3 Nd2Fe14B energy-carrying element and a 12 g high explosive charge was designed, constructed, and tested. The proposed design is based on the idea that the wide coaxial single-turn pulse-generating coil of the FMG can simultaneously serve as a seed coil for the FCG. The coaxial single-turn pulse-generating coil of the FMG was wound on the initial part of the FCG helix; therefore, only transformer coupling existed between the pulse-generating system of the FMG and the helix of the FCG. This seeding system provides up to 180 A current amplitude and 55 mus current pulse duration to a helical FCG.
{"title":"Transformer-Type Seeding System of a Helical FCG Based on a Transverse Shock Wave Ferromagnetic Generator","authors":"S. Shkuratov, E. Talantsev, J. Baird, L. Altgilbers, A. Stults","doi":"10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEGAGUSS.2006.4530694","url":null,"abstract":"A new application of the effect of transverse-shock-wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnets for powering an explosive-driven helical flux compression generator (FCG) is proposed. The novel FCG seeding system based on a compact transverse shock-wave ferromagnetic generator (FMG) containing a 200-cm3 Nd2Fe14B energy-carrying element and a 12 g high explosive charge was designed, constructed, and tested. The proposed design is based on the idea that the wide coaxial single-turn pulse-generating coil of the FMG can simultaneously serve as a seed coil for the FCG. The coaxial single-turn pulse-generating coil of the FMG was wound on the initial part of the FCG helix; therefore, only transformer coupling existed between the pulse-generating system of the FMG and the helix of the FCG. This seeding system provides up to 180 A current amplitude and 55 mus current pulse duration to a helical FCG.","PeriodicalId":338246,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124043720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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