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Kentsel teknik altyapı tesislerine yönelik uluslararası coğrafi veri modellerinin analizi
Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2022r0003.t
Azer İlgar, Volkan Çağdaş
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引用次数: 0
Toprak neminin yarı kurak alanlarda çok zamanlı RADARSAT-2 verileri ile incelenmesi
Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2022r0001.t
Sevinç Madenoğlu, Hesna Özcan, Murat Remzi Peker, Melis Özge Pinar, Suat Akgül, Mehmet Keçeci, Tülay Tunçay, Mahmut Hilmi Seçmen, A. Koç, Musta Üstüner, Aliihsan Şekertekin, Saygın Abdikan, M. Esetlili, Aynur Şensoy Şorman, Şinasi Kaya, Günay Erpul, Füsun Balık Şanlı
: Soil moisture content is a very important factor in terms of energy exchange and water cycle on Earth and has a great impact in many areas regarding assessment of natural risks, hydrology, ecology, agriculture, and climate science. Soil moisture can greatly change spatially and temporally, especially depending on land use changes, and the changing soil moisture may cause various environmental and ecological problems. In this respect, it is an important research subject to examine the spatial change of soil moisture content on large scales. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors play an important role in detecting soil moisture because they are sensitive to soil moisture and they cover large areas. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the determination of the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture content using fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 images in wheat cultivated field and fallow land located in The General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises Gözlü Agricultural Enterprise. The in-situ measurements obtained monthly from field surveys between March and October 2016 were compared with the backscatter values of SAR images. As a result of the study, negative and positive correlation coefficients varying from -0.65 to 0.67 were obtained between backscatter values and in-situ soil moisture values. The highest correlations for soil moisture were obtained in the cultivated area during the May-June period, which is the growing stage of wheat, and the best results for both areas were determined with VV polarimetric data.
土壤水分是地球上能量交换和水循环的重要因素,在自然风险评估、水文学、生态学、农业和气候科学等领域具有重要影响。土壤水分具有很大的时空变化,特别是随着土地利用方式的变化,土壤水分的变化可能引起各种环境和生态问题。因此,在大尺度上研究土壤含水量的空间变化是一个重要的研究课题。合成孔径雷达(SAR)传感器对土壤湿度敏感,覆盖面积大,在土壤湿度检测中发挥着重要作用。在本研究中,利用RADARSAT-2全偏振图像,研究了位于农业企业总局Gözlü的小麦耕地和休耕地土壤水分含量的时空变化。将2016年3月至10月每月野外实测数据与SAR影像的后向散射值进行对比。研究结果表明,后向散射值与原位土壤湿度值的正、负相关系数在-0.65 ~ 0.67之间。5 - 6月是小麦生长期,耕地土壤水分相关性最高,利用VV极化数据确定了两个地区的最佳结果。
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引用次数: 0
ITRF96-ED50 Transformasyonu: Radyal esaslı enterpolasyon ve küresel harmonik modelleme
Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2022r0002.t
İ. Deniz, Şenol Hakan Kutoğlu, Rasim Deniz
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引用次数: 0
Effect of altitude and distance on zenith tropospheric delay and integrated water vapour estimations in a local GNSS CORS network 海拔和距离对局地GNSS CORS网络天顶对流层延迟和综合水汽估算的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-13 DOI: 10.9733/JGG.2021R0006.E
Ömer Gökdaş, M. T. Ozludemir
In this paper, to investigate the usability of Continuously Operating Reference Stations managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI CORS) for weather prediction studies, the effects of altitude and distance on Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) and Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) estimations were analysed. Within the scope of this study, the authors determined accuracies of ZTD and IWV values based on the selected reference stations and analysed them for altitude and distance factors. GnSmart software is used for ZTD estimation as this software broadcasts CORS correction and GNSS Analysis and Positioning Software (GAPS) is used for IWV estimation. In this study, a single reference station was used to test the accuracy of ZTD and IWV values obtained from local ISKI CORS network stations (TUZL station for ZTD values and radiosonde station numbered 17064 for IWV values). The determined RMSE values could not reach the ZTD and IWV precision standards of the World Meteorology Organization (WMO). One reason for this is that a single station is selected as a reference. In short, the authors express that the ZTD and IWV values of ISKI CORS stations are not similar, but there is a significant difference between them. It was also understood that a single radiosonde station is not sufficient to determine the IWV values of the stations in the local ISKI CORS network, and the GNSS IWV values obtained from the stations can be meaningful.
为了研究伊斯坦布尔供水和污水管理局(ISKI CORS)管理的连续运行参考站在天气预报研究中的可用性,本文分析了海拔和距离对天顶对流层延迟(ZTD)和综合水汽(IWV)估计的影响。在本研究范围内,作者根据选定的参考站确定了ZTD和IWV值的精度,并对其进行了海拔和距离因素的分析。ZTD估计使用GnSmart软件,因为该软件广播CORS校正,IWV估计使用GNSS分析和定位软件(GAPS)。本研究采用单个参考站对ISKI CORS局地台站(TUZL台站获取ZTD值,17064号探空台站获取IWV值)获取的ZTD和IWV值进行精度检验。确定的RMSE值不能达到世界气象组织(WMO)的ZTD和IWV精度标准。其中一个原因是选择单个站点作为参考。总之,作者表示ISKI CORS站的ZTD和IWV值并不相似,但两者之间存在显著差异。人们还了解到,一个无线电探空站不足以确定当地ISKI CORS网中各站的IWV值,从这些站获得的GNSS IWV值可能是有意义的。
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引用次数: 0
The performance analyses of support vector machine classifiers for examination of the temporal change of land-use/cover in the Beyşehir Basin in Turkey (1984-2018) 支持向量机分类器在土耳其bey<e:1> ehir流域土地利用/覆被时空变化研究中的性能分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2021r0005.e
Munevver Gizem Gumus, S. Durduran
: This study aimed to investigate the temporal change in land-use/cover in the Beyşehir-Kaşaklı Subbasin, which is one of the nine subbasins of the Konya Closed Basin and known as the largest closed basin in Turkey, using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems techniques. For this purpose, in the study, Landsat Thematic Mapper, Enhanced Thematic Mapper, and Operational Land Imager digital satellite images obtained in the years 1984, 1990, 1996, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018 were used. The Support Vector Machines (SVM) method was applied as the classification method. In order to apply the SVM method, firstly, the kernel function and parameter set, giving the highest accuracy in the classification, were selected. In the study, four different kernel functions and different parameter sets were experienced as different from each other. Seventy-two different models in total were applied using different combinations of parameters. As a result of the trials of seventy-two different parameters, it was concluded that the method and algorithm giving the most accurate result with 83.81% classification accuracy and 0.7949 Kappa statistics were the polynomial function of SVMs. As a result of the classification process examined the period between 1984 and 2018 using the determined algorithm and parameters, it was detected that artificial surfaces increased by 418%, arable agricultural lands and pastures decreased by 14%, forests and semi-natural areas increased by 4%, and coastal wetlands on the coasts increased by 6%. On the other hand, the surface area of the water bodies in the region, which demonstrated a decreasing trend until the year 2003, was determined to increase by 3% with the establishment of Suğla Storage in 2003.
利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对土耳其最大的封闭盆地——科尼亚封闭盆地9个子盆地之一的bey eir - ka aklyi子盆地土地利用/覆被的时空变化进行了研究。为此,本研究使用了1984年、1990年、1996年、2000年、2006年、2012年和2018年获得的Landsat Thematic Mapper、Enhanced Thematic Mapper和Operational Land Imager数字卫星图像。采用支持向量机(SVM)方法进行分类。为了应用支持向量机方法,首先选取分类精度最高的核函数和参数集;在研究中,经历了四种不同的核函数和不同的参数集,它们彼此不同。使用不同的参数组合,总共应用了72种不同的模型。通过72个不同参数的试验,得出分类准确率为83.81%,Kappa统计量为0.7949的最准确的方法和算法为支持向量机的多项式函数。通过使用确定的算法和参数对1984年至2018年期间进行分类,发现人工地表增加了418%,可耕地和牧场减少了14%,森林和半自然区域增加了4%,沿海湿地增加了6%。另一方面,该地区水体表面积在2003年之前呈下降趋势,2003年随着Suğla水库的建立,确定增加3%。
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引用次数: 1
Web tabanlı CSRS-PPP uygulamasının farklı uydu sistemleri üzerindeki performansı
Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2021r0004.t
Tuna Erol
In evaluating the data provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), scientific/academic, commercial software, and web-based applications, which are used increasingly, are implemented. The strategy of GNSS data processing is basically divided into two as absolute and relative. The web-based services increasing in use are mainly divided into either using the absolute method or the relative method. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method makes possible to obtain cm level positioning by using a single receiver and offers possibility of a quite practical positioning for users. Real-time applications of the PPP method are also becoming more and more widespread, which offer both time and cost savings for users. While developments on positioning continue, GPS introduced to the life of human beings in every field besides its military purpose since its first appearance, has become quite common with the introduction of other systems (GLONASS, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS etc.). Today, as GNSS, it continues to exist more in our lives. The Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) project has been developed by collecting data at International GNSS Service (IGS) stations spread worldwide, received signals from the satellite systems developed by several countries and by including them to the processing stage and then data collection at the specified stations from all of the satellite systems has been started. In this study, the GNSS observation data collected at 5 MGEX stations scattered around the world for a duration of 10-day were evaluated with a web-based service, namely CSRS-PPP. In the concept of MGEX Project, it is possible to collect data from the stations with an observation duration ranging from 1 to 30 seconds and from multiple satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, NAVIC, BeiDou, SBAS). In the evaluation stage of CSRS-PPP application, the evaluation performance was examined and concluded in terms of satellite systems used as GPS and GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, and GPS+GLONASS), data record interval ranging as 1 and 30 seconds, and observation duration from 15 minutes to 24 hours.
在评估全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)提供的数据时,采用了越来越多使用的科学/学术、商业软件和基于网络的应用程序。GNSS数据处理策略基本上分为绝对策略和相对策略两种。越来越多使用的基于web的服务主要分为绝对方法和相对方法。精确点定位(PPP)方法可以使用单个接收器获得厘米级别的定位,为用户提供了相当实用的定位可能性。PPP方式的实时应用也越来越广泛,为用户节省了时间和成本。在定位技术不断发展的同时,GPS自首次出现以来,除了军事用途外,还被引入人类生活的各个领域,随着其他系统(GLONASS、北斗、QZSS、IRNSS等)的引入,GPS已经变得相当普遍。今天,作为全球导航卫星系统,它继续更多地存在于我们的生活中。多全球导航卫星系统实验项目是通过在分布在世界各地的国际全球导航卫星系统服务站收集数据、接收来自若干国家开发的卫星系统的信号并将它们纳入处理阶段,然后开始从所有卫星系统在指定站点收集数据。本研究利用基于web的CSRS-PPP服务,对分布在世界各地的5个MGEX站点收集的为期10天的GNSS观测数据进行评估。在MGEX项目的概念中,可以从观测站和多个卫星系统(GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、QZSS、NAVIC、北斗、SBAS)收集观测持续时间为1至30秒的数据。在CSRS-PPP应用评估阶段,以GPS和GNSS (GPS、GLONASS和GPS+GLONASS)两种卫星系统,数据记录间隔为1秒和30秒,观测时长为15分钟至24小时,对评估性能进行了审查和总结。
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引用次数: 2
Çoklu-GNSS çözümlerinin performansının internet tabanlı Trimble RTX servisi ile incelenmesi
Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2021r0003.t
Gizem Sezer, A. Doğan, Bahattin Erdoğan
Gunumuzde jeodezik amacli yapilan calismalarin bircogunda Kuresel Konumlama ve Uydu Sistemleri’ne (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ait veriler kullanilmaktadir. GNSS yapisinda, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo ve BeiDou uydu sistemleri beraber degerlendirilerek konum bilgisi elde edilebilmektedir. Uluslararasi GNSS Servisi (International GNSS Service, IGS) bu amac dogrultusunda farkli sinyal ve uydu sistem verilerinin toplanmasi, izlenmesi ve analiz edilmesi icin Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) adinda bir proje baslatmistir. Coklu-GNSS cozumlerinin kullanilmaya baslamasindan dolayi, bu cozumlerden elde edilen konum dogrulugunun belirlenmesi kullanicilar acisindan buyuk onem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu calismada; 10 noktaya ait GNSS verileri; GPS, GPS/GLONASS, GPS/GLONASS/Galileo ve GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou olmak uzere 4 farkli senaryo ile degerlendirilmis ve dogruluk analizleri gerceklestirilmistir. GNSS verilerinin degerlendirilmesi bir internet tabanli yazilim olan ve Coklu-GNSS hassas mutlak nokta konumlama (Precise Point Positioning, PPP) cozum kapasitesine sahip Trimble RTX servisi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Sonuclar, sadece GPS cozumleri yerine farkli uydu kombinasyonlarini birlikte kullanarak daha yuksek dogrulukla konum bilgisi elde edilebilecegini gostermistir. Ayrica, Coklu-GNSS cozum dogruluklarinin gozlem suresi ve enlem bilgisine bagli olup olmadigi da incelenmistir. Sonuclara gore Coklu-GNSS cozum dogruluklarinin sadece gozlem suresine bagli olarak degistigi vurgulanmistir.
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引用次数: 0
Hava Lidar verilerinin denetimsiz yapay sinir ağları kullanılarak filtrelenmesi
Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.9733/jgg.2021r0002.t
Alper Sen, Burcu Bayasli
Hava Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) sistemleri ile uretilen mekânsal veriler, yuksek dogruluklu, hizli ve az maliyetli olarak elde edilmektedir. Ancak verilerin nesne cikarimi amaciyla elle islenmesi, zaman alan ve emek yogun bir islemdir. Bu sureci otomatik bir hale donusturmek amaciyla, denetimli/denetimsiz siniflandirma yontemleri kullanilabilmektedir. Lidar verilerinin, zemine ait ve zemine ait olmayan veriler olarak ayrilmasina filtreleme denir. Lidar verileri kullanilarak Sayisal Yukseklik Modeli olusturulmasinda filtreleme islemi buyuk onem arz etmektedir. Bu calismada, Harita Genel Mudurlugu’nun baskanliginda 2014 yilinda uretilen, Riegl LMS-Q1560 Lidar sistemiyle Bergama ilcesinde 1200 metre yukseklikte gerceklestirilen ucus verilerinden elde edilen ayrik-donuslu Lidar test verisi kullanilmistir. Lidar nokta bulutu, denetimsiz bir yapay sinir agi yontemi olan Kendini Duzenleyen Haritalar (KDH) yontemi ile analiz edilerek kumelere ayrilmistir. Kumeler, uydu goruntuleri ile karsilastirilarak nesne siniflari belirlenmistir. Bu yontem ile elde edilen nesne siniflarinin dogrulugu, gorsel olarak siniflari belirlenen tum noktalar incelenerek hesaplanmistir. Sinir agina ait en az noron sayisi, denetimli olarak hata degerlerine gore belirlenmistir. Lidar nokta bulutunun KDH yontemiyle filtrelenmesi sonucu, Tip-1 hatasi %11.54, Tip-2 hatasi %19.43 ve toplam hata %16.41 olarak bulunmustur. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, hava Lidar verilerinin filtrelenmesinde KDH sinir aglarinin belirlenen noron sayisi ile etkin olarak kullanilabildigi gorulmustur.
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引用次数: 1
Tekrarlı yaya yürüyüşü ve kısa süreli kinematik GPS+GLONASS gözlemleriyle PPP yönteminin performans analizi
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.9733/JGG.2020R0008.T
Nursu Tunalıoğlu
Kuresel Konum Belirleme ve Uydu Sistemleri (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS) tabanli konum belirleme uygulamalarinda Hassas Nokta Konum Belirleme (Precise Point Positioning-PPP) yonteminin etkinligi ve kullanimi bagil konum belirlemeye gore giderek artmaktadir. Buna karsin farkli platformlarda gerceklestirilen statik ve kinematik moddaki bircok calismada geleneksel standart PPP yontemi icin en buyuk dezavantaj tasiyici faz gozlemleri icin yakinsama suresinin uzun olmasidir. Bu nedenle PPP’ye dayali statik ve kinematik moddaki calismalarda gozlem suresi siklikla uzun tutulmaktadir. Gerceklestirilen bu calismada PPP’de gozlem suresine ve dolayisiyla tamsayi belirsizligi cozumune bagli olarak elde edilen konum dogrulugu dikkate alinarak, tekrarli ve kisa sureli yaya yuruyusleriyle elde edilen kinematik GPS+GLONASS gozlemlerinin PPP konum belirleme performansi kisa, orta ve uzun bazlar icin bagil konum belirleme cozumleriyle karsilastirilmistir. Karsilastirma icin dunya genelinde yaygin olarak kullanilan ve tasiyici faz gozlemleri icin yakinsama suresinin kisaltilmasi icin yeni algoritmik yaklasimlar kullanan internet tabanli GNSS veri degerlendirme servisi CSRS-PPP tercih edilmistir. Sonuclar PPP yonteminin kisa sureli kinematik gozlemler icin de bagil cozumlere esdeger sayilacak yuksek dogrulukta konum bilgisinin elde edilmesinde etkin olarak kullanilabilecegini acikca ortaya koymaktadir.
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引用次数: 1
Telekomünikasyon sektöründe kullanılan ek odası kapaklarının sokak düzeyi görüntülerinden tespit edilme başarımının değerlendirilmesi
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.9733/JGG.2020R0009.T
Ahmet Eğri, Caner Güney
Within the scope of the study, with the proposed method, called innovative method, the manholes used in the telecommunication sector are identified with the deep learning approach from the street-level images and location information of these manholes are produced. In order to evaluate the performance of the innovative method, the results obtained with it in three different study regions located within the borders of the city of Istanbul were compared with the results of the traditional method currently used in the telecommunication sector. During the comparative analysis, the differences between coordinate values of the manholes produced by both methods were determined, the reasons for these differences were emphasized and the possible improvements were discussed. According to the findings, it is concluded that the innovative method cannot replace the traditional method in the current situation. However, if both methods are used together, effectiveness and efficiency in the applications in the telecommunications sector will increase. Nevertheless, in the near future, it is anticipated that the innovative method will replace the traditional method if the suggestions made within the scope of the study are taken into consideration in the solutions of detecting the assets and determining the assets’ coordinates.
在研究范围内,采用所提出的方法(称为创新方法),利用来自街道级图像的深度学习方法识别电信部门使用的人孔,并生成这些人孔的位置信息。为了评估创新方法的性能,将其在位于伊斯坦布尔市边界内的三个不同研究区域获得的结果与电信部门目前使用的传统方法的结果进行了比较。在对比分析中,确定了两种方法生产的人孔坐标值之间的差异,强调了产生差异的原因,并讨论了可能的改进措施。根据研究结果得出结论,在目前的情况下,创新方法无法取代传统方法。但是,如果这两种方法结合使用,在电信部门的应用的有效性和效率将会提高。但是,在不久的将来,如果在资产探测和确定资产坐标的解决方案中考虑到在研究范围内提出的建议,预计创新方法将取代传统方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science
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