{"title":"An Ambiguous Ban on Ethnic Profiling","authors":"M. Himanen","doi":"10.18261/njsp.8.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/njsp.8.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-03
O. Edvardsen, L. Hoel
{"title":"The Window of Opportunity","authors":"O. Edvardsen, L. Hoel","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-02
J. Paulsen
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a game changer on many fronts. For the police it offers new ways of carrying out investigation, surveillance, crime prevention and order maintenance. Questions have been raised about the trustworthiness of some innovative AI-driven applications. Under which circumstances and to what extent should the police be permitted to use emergent technology, i.e. use ‘dirty’ means in order to reach good ends? In this article, this problem is illustrated by a discussion of two emergent technologies, and possible criteria and test regimes for establishing trustworthiness are suggested towards the end of the article.
{"title":"AI, Trustworthiness, and the Digital Dirty Harry Problem","authors":"J. Paulsen","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2021-02-02","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a game changer on many fronts. For the police it offers new ways of carrying out investigation, surveillance, crime prevention and order maintenance. Questions have been raised about the trustworthiness of some innovative AI-driven applications. Under which circumstances and to what extent should the police be permitted to use emergent technology, i.e. use ‘dirty’ means in order to reach good ends? In this article, this problem is illustrated by a discussion of two emergent technologies, and possible criteria and test regimes for establishing trustworthiness are suggested towards the end of the article.","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-02-01
Inger Marie Sunde, Nina Sunde
{"title":"Conceptualizing an AI-based Police Robot for Preventing Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse:","authors":"Inger Marie Sunde, Nina Sunde","doi":"10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-02-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-02-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-04
Juha-Matti Huhta, P. D. Nota, Markku Nyman, Eero Pietilä, E. Ropo
There is currently no universal standard for training or evaluating operational police performance during critical incident simulations. Accordingly, performance is typically judged on final outcomes (i.e., shoot/no-shoot decisionmaking) rather than a more detailed set of essential policing skills in both research and practical settings. The current study identifies six behavioural dimensions developed by expert use of force instructors: control of the environment, operational flexibility, initiative, critical decision-making, withdrawal, and target-oriented behaviour. To explore the possible relationship between inherent personality characteristics and primitive (i.e., untrained) police performance, 45 police recruits were assessed during stressful fieldwork simulations. Preliminary findings suggest several possible relationships; scores for control of the environment and operational flexibility were lower in more extraverted and flexible types. Initiative was also lower in more flexible types, and critical decision-making errors were related to higher extraversion. Withdrawal behaviour was greater among more emotional types, and target-oriented behaviour was higher in more extraverted participants. The behavioural dimensions developed in this study can be practically applied to standardize, tailor, and improve current training practices for essential policing skills. Understanding their possible connection to universal personality traits can identify inherent strengths and vulnerabilities that may need more attention and deliberate practice.
{"title":"Universal Police Behaviours during Critical Incidents and Their Connection to Personality: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Juha-Matti Huhta, P. D. Nota, Markku Nyman, Eero Pietilä, E. Ropo","doi":"10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-04","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently no universal standard for training or evaluating operational police performance during critical incident simulations. Accordingly, performance is typically judged on final outcomes (i.e., shoot/no-shoot decisionmaking) rather than a more detailed set of essential policing skills in both research and practical settings. The current study identifies six behavioural dimensions developed by expert use of force instructors: control of the environment, operational flexibility, initiative, critical decision-making, withdrawal, and target-oriented behaviour. To explore the possible relationship between inherent personality characteristics and primitive (i.e., untrained) police performance, 45 police recruits were assessed during stressful fieldwork simulations. Preliminary findings suggest several possible relationships; scores for control of the environment and operational flexibility were lower in more extraverted and flexible types. Initiative was also lower in more flexible types, and critical decision-making errors were related to higher extraversion. Withdrawal behaviour was greater among more emotional types, and target-oriented behaviour was higher in more extraverted participants. The behavioural dimensions developed in this study can be practically applied to standardize, tailor, and improve current training practices for essential policing skills. Understanding their possible connection to universal personality traits can identify inherent strengths and vulnerabilities that may need more attention and deliberate practice.","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67721934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-03
R. Ellefsen
This article provides a brief history of the policing of militant Islamism in Norway between 2009 and 2019. The numerous counter-responses to militant Islamism that have taken place in this decade, I argue, were a primary factor in accelerating the emergence of the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. The emergence of this field in Norway is set against similar fields internationally and related to the evolution of the global Salafist-jihadist movement. Based on interviews with practitioners involved in PRVE and other types of qualitative data, my analysis traces the evolution of this field of policing and identifies five phases that follow the arc of conflict escalation–de-escalation between militant Islamists and those tasked to police them. The article also discusses critical aspects of this emergent field, particularly the role of police and intelligence in the policing of radicalization. security threat associated with MI. The purpose of attending to Norway’s massive counter-responses to MI mobilizations during this period is to better understand what led to and accelerated the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. This article demonstrates the influence of global jihadist terrorism on national security policy and on the emergence of a new field of plural policing of radicalization in Norway. Its origin in European counter-terrorism policy has been described, along with the rela-tionship of the Norwegian version to its counterparts across Europe and in other Western democracies. The analysis of the decade-long contentious episode has pointed out a considerable shift in the societal response towards persons associated with RVE in Norway. Several changes occurred across the five phases of the episode, in national policies, legislation, criminal justice responses, state resource allocation, collaborative structures, multi-agency measures and local initiatives. A work logic has been established through policy that grants new responsibilities to myriad actors collaborating across sectors and across local, regional and national levels. The implementation of these new responsibilities, collaborative practices and preemptive logics has been crucial in creating the basis for what is now a loose nation-wide structure and apparatus for PRVE in Norway. This has involved attempts to establish a society-wide system for detecting and reporting signs of radicalization, and collaborative structures for assessing and handling individuals thought to be at-risk or posing a risk. This way of attempting to foresee “future terrorists” by seeking out signs of radicalization is now a responsibility assigned to first-line practitioners across much of the Western world (Sjøen 2020, p. 221). By the of events that the article dem-onstrated what the and prevention as a field plural analysis how responses growing militant
本文简要介绍了2009年至2019年挪威对激进伊斯兰主义的监管历史。我认为，这十年来对激进伊斯兰主义的众多反击，是加速防止激进化和暴力极端主义(PRVE)作为挪威政策和多元警务新领域出现的主要因素。挪威这一领域的出现是在国际上类似领域的背景下出现的，并与全球萨拉菲斯特圣战运动的演变有关。基于对参与PRVE的从业人员的采访和其他类型的定性数据，我的分析追溯了这一警务领域的演变，并确定了激进伊斯兰主义者与负责监管他们的人之间冲突升级-降级的五个阶段。文章还讨论了这一新兴领域的关键方面，特别是警察和情报在激进化警务中的作用。在此期间，参与挪威对MI动员的大规模反击的目的是为了更好地了解是什么导致并加速了激进化和暴力极端主义(PRVE)的预防，这是挪威政策和多元警务的新领域。本文展示了全球圣战恐怖主义对国家安全政策的影响，以及对挪威激进化多元警务新领域的影响。它在欧洲反恐政策中的起源已经被描述，以及挪威版本与整个欧洲和其他西方民主国家的对应版本的关系。对长达十年的争议事件的分析指出，挪威社会对与RVE有关的人的反应发生了相当大的变化。在这一事件的五个阶段，在国家政策、立法、刑事司法对策、国家资源分配、合作结构、多机构措施和地方倡议方面发生了一些变化。通过政策确立了一种工作逻辑，赋予跨部门、跨地方、区域和国家各级合作的无数行动者新的责任。实施这些新的责任、协作做法和先发制人的逻辑，对于为挪威目前松散的全国范围的扶贫开发结构和机构奠定基础至关重要。这包括试图建立一个全社会范围的系统，以发现和报告激进化的迹象，以及评估和处理被认为处于危险之中或构成危险的个人的合作结构。这种试图通过寻找激进化迹象来预测“未来恐怖分子”的方式，现在是西方世界许多一线从业人员的责任(Sjøen 2020, p. 221)。通过文章所论证的事件说明了什么是预防作为一个领域的多元分析如何应对日益激进的根本
{"title":"Prevention of Radicalization as an Emergent Field of Plural Policing in Norway: The Accelerating Role of Militant Islamists","authors":"R. Ellefsen","doi":"10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.2703-7045-2021-01-03","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief history of the policing of militant Islamism in Norway between 2009 and 2019. The numerous counter-responses to militant Islamism that have taken place in this decade, I argue, were a primary factor in accelerating the emergence of the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. The emergence of this field in Norway is set against similar fields internationally and related to the evolution of the global Salafist-jihadist movement. Based on interviews with practitioners involved in PRVE and other types of qualitative data, my analysis traces the evolution of this field of policing and identifies five phases that follow the arc of conflict escalation–de-escalation between militant Islamists and those tasked to police them. The article also discusses critical aspects of this emergent field, particularly the role of police and intelligence in the policing of radicalization. security threat associated with MI. The purpose of attending to Norway’s massive counter-responses to MI mobilizations during this period is to better understand what led to and accelerated the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. This article demonstrates the influence of global jihadist terrorism on national security policy and on the emergence of a new field of plural policing of radicalization in Norway. Its origin in European counter-terrorism policy has been described, along with the rela-tionship of the Norwegian version to its counterparts across Europe and in other Western democracies. The analysis of the decade-long contentious episode has pointed out a considerable shift in the societal response towards persons associated with RVE in Norway. Several changes occurred across the five phases of the episode, in national policies, legislation, criminal justice responses, state resource allocation, collaborative structures, multi-agency measures and local initiatives. A work logic has been established through policy that grants new responsibilities to myriad actors collaborating across sectors and across local, regional and national levels. The implementation of these new responsibilities, collaborative practices and preemptive logics has been crucial in creating the basis for what is now a loose nation-wide structure and apparatus for PRVE in Norway. This has involved attempts to establish a society-wide system for detecting and reporting signs of radicalization, and collaborative structures for assessing and handling individuals thought to be at-risk or posing a risk. This way of attempting to foresee “future terrorists” by seeking out signs of radicalization is now a responsibility assigned to first-line practitioners across much of the Western world (Sjøen 2020, p. 221). By the of events that the article dem-onstrated what the and prevention as a field plural analysis how responses growing militant","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67720989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-04
Hild Rønning
{"title":"Opportunitetsprinsippet i politiretten","authors":"Hild Rønning","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49432743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-07
Geir Aas
{"title":"Familievolden i politireformen","authors":"Geir Aas","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"«Det er ikke oss mot dere»","authors":"Mariann Sterkebye Leirvik, Hjørdis Birgitte Ellefsen","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-02
Ronny Moen
{"title":"Anbefalinger i politiets etterretningsprodukter – et dilemma","authors":"Ronny Moen","doi":"10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2703-7045-2020-03-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34030,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Policing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43944380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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