Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.106
Sreeja P. C., A. C. S., Prasobh Prasad
Comparative study of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of some commercially available plants and their extracts. Abstract Chlorophyll, Nature’s gift pigment, gives green color to plants. There is an elevating demand for natural color in the food and cosmetic industry. As chlorophyll is a green pigment and reported to have a series of health benefits, its importance as natural color is increasing in the market. Even though chlorophyll is available in all the plants; industry is looking for commercially viable source for making chlorophyll products. In this study, some commercially available plants are compared for their chlorophyll content using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The yield and chlorophyll content of the extracts made from these plants were also estimated. Chlorophyll content was found to be highest in Bamboo leaves. The yield and chlorophyll content of the extract were also found to be high in the extract made from Bamboo leaves.
{"title":"Comparative study of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of some commercially available plants and their extracts","authors":"Sreeja P. C., A. C. S., Prasobh Prasad","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.106","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative study of the chlorophyll content of the leaves of some commercially available plants and their extracts. Abstract Chlorophyll, Nature’s gift pigment, gives green color to plants. There is an elevating demand for natural color in the food and cosmetic industry. As chlorophyll is a green pigment and reported to have a series of health benefits, its importance as natural color is increasing in the market. Even though chlorophyll is available in all the plants; industry is looking for commercially viable source for making chlorophyll products. In this study, some commercially available plants are compared for their chlorophyll content using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The yield and chlorophyll content of the extracts made from these plants were also estimated. Chlorophyll content was found to be highest in Bamboo leaves. The yield and chlorophyll content of the extract were also found to be high in the extract made from Bamboo leaves.","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.105
R. K, Rajeesh K R, Prasobh Prasad
Rosemary extract is commercially used as an effective natural antioxidant solution for Food & Beverage and Cosmetic products. To achieve the maximum flexibility of usagein all over the world, it is necessary to reduce the aroma of the rosemary extracts. The reference key volatiles in the rosemary extracts are usually quantified by GCMS method. In this study, a reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantification of Verbenone (a major reference key volatile in Rosemary extract).The HPLC system consists of C18 column and isocratic mode with Acetonitrile: 0.1% Phosphoric acid in Water (60:40) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. This method was validated with linearity (0.9997), accuracy (101.4, 101.14, and 99.64) and repeatability (RSD = 0.2749%). Data obtained from this HPLC method was also compared with GCMS analysis.
{"title":"Development of HPLC method for the quantification of verbenone in rosemary extracts","authors":"R. K, Rajeesh K R, Prasobh Prasad","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.105","url":null,"abstract":"Rosemary extract is commercially used as an effective natural antioxidant solution for Food & Beverage and Cosmetic products. To achieve the maximum flexibility of usagein all over the world, it is necessary to reduce the aroma of the rosemary extracts. The reference key volatiles in the rosemary extracts are usually quantified by GCMS method. In this study, a reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantification of Verbenone (a major reference key volatile in Rosemary extract).The HPLC system consists of C18 column and isocratic mode with Acetonitrile: 0.1% Phosphoric acid in Water (60:40) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. This method was validated with linearity (0.9997), accuracy (101.4, 101.14, and 99.64) and repeatability (RSD = 0.2749%). Data obtained from this HPLC method was also compared with GCMS analysis.","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122516423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.104
Rooplata Chaturvedi, Jaypal Singh Lodhi, S. K. Khandayat, Chitranshi Tiwari, P. Verma
{"title":"Cosmic ray intensity variation with solar flare index, solar coronal index and sunspot numbers solar indices during the period of 1986- 2007","authors":"Rooplata Chaturvedi, Jaypal Singh Lodhi, S. K. Khandayat, Chitranshi Tiwari, P. Verma","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132909049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.102
Varinder Pandey, Saket Kumar, Dolly Ochani, P. Verma
We have studied intense geomagnetic storms magnitude (≤-100nT) observed between 2014 and 2017 with coronal mass ejections, hard X-ray solar flaresand disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. We have observed that majority of the of intense geomagnetic storms, associated Hard X-Ray solar flares. It is observed that all the intense geomagnetic storms are Hard X-Ray solar flares of different categories. The association rates X-Class, M-Class, C-Class and B-Class X-ray solar flare are:X-Class -9.0%, M-Class-54.54%, C-Class -18.18%, B-Class -18.18% respectively. Intense geomagnetic storms which are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejection (CMEs) are related to hard X-ray solar flares of different categories. It is also observed that these intense geomagnetic are associated with disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.71 has been found between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFB), 0.49between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in southward component in interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF Bz), 0.79between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma pressure (SWP) . We have concluded that coronal mass ejections associated with hard X-ray solar flare are mainly responsible to cause intense geomagnetic storms.
{"title":"H-CMEs and solar wind plasma disturbances in relation to intense geomagnetic storms during the period of 2014-2017","authors":"Varinder Pandey, Saket Kumar, Dolly Ochani, P. Verma","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.102","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied intense geomagnetic storms magnitude (≤-100nT) observed between 2014 and 2017 with coronal mass ejections, hard X-ray solar flaresand disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. We have observed that majority of the of intense geomagnetic storms, associated Hard X-Ray solar flares. It is observed that all the intense geomagnetic storms are Hard X-Ray solar flares of different categories. The association rates X-Class, M-Class, C-Class and B-Class X-ray solar flare are:X-Class -9.0%, M-Class-54.54%, C-Class -18.18%, B-Class -18.18% respectively. Intense geomagnetic storms which are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejection (CMEs) are related to hard X-ray solar flares of different categories. It is also observed that these intense geomagnetic are associated with disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.71 has been found between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFB), 0.49between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in southward component in interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF Bz), 0.79between the magnitude of intense geomagnetic storms and the peak value of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma pressure (SWP) . We have concluded that coronal mass ejections associated with hard X-ray solar flare are mainly responsible to cause intense geomagnetic storms.","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121652483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.101
Ragni Verma, V. Saket, Chitranshi Tiwari, P. K. Shrivastava, P. L. Verma
Forbush decreases (Fds) of higher magnitude associated with X-Class X-ray solar flares observed during the period of solar cycle 23 and rising phase of 24 (1997-2012) have been studied with solar and interplanetary parameters. It is observed that all the Forbush decreases (Fds) are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and most of them (82.35%) are higher speed CMEs with speed >1000Km/s. A large positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.68 has been found between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the speed of associated CMEs. Further, all these Forbush decreases (Fds) have been identified as being associated with fast forward interplanetary shocks and disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.44 and 0.37 have been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds), and peak value and magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma temperature, 0.32 and 0.42 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and peak value and magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma density. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.32 have also been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the peak value of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma velocity.
{"title":"Solar and interplanetary causes of x-class, x-ray solar flare related forbush decreases of higher magnitude in cosmic ray intensity during the period of solar cycle 23 and rising phase of solar cycle 24","authors":"Ragni Verma, V. Saket, Chitranshi Tiwari, P. K. Shrivastava, P. L. Verma","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.101","url":null,"abstract":"Forbush decreases (Fds) of higher magnitude associated with X-Class X-ray solar flares observed during the period of solar cycle 23 and rising phase of 24 (1997-2012) have been studied with solar and interplanetary parameters. It is observed that all the Forbush decreases (Fds) are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and most of them (82.35%) are higher speed CMEs with speed >1000Km/s. A large positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.68 has been found between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the speed of associated CMEs. Further, all these Forbush decreases (Fds) have been identified as being associated with fast forward interplanetary shocks and disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.44 and 0.37 have been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds), and peak value and magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma temperature, 0.32 and 0.42 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and peak value and magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma density. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.32 have also been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the peak value of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma velocity.","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133125955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.103
V. Saket, R. Verma, C. Tiwari, P. Verma
Sudden short-duration decreases in cosmic ray flux, known as Forbush decreases (FDs), are mainly caused by interplanetary disturbances. In this investigation, an attempts have been made to associated Forbush decreases associated with intense geomagnetic storms and their relation with drastic solar features and solar wind plasma parameters during the period of 2003-2012.From the data analysis, it is observed that all the Forbush decreases (Fds) are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and most of them (85.71%) are higher speed CMEs with speed >1000Km/s. A large positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.72 has been found between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the speed of associated CMEs. Further, all these Forbush decreases (Fds) have been identified as being associated with sudden storms commencements and are related to disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.49 have been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds), and peak values of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma temperature, 0.58 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and peak values of associated disturbances in solar wind plasmavelocity.0.67 and 0.65 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases and peak valuesand magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma pressure. We have also determined a large positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.72 between magnitude of Forbush decreases and magnitude of associated intense geomagnetic storms. It is concluded that Forbush decrease are caused by coronal mass ejections and interplanetary disturbances that they generate.
{"title":"Forbush decreases associated with intense geomagnetic storms and their relation with drastic solar features and solar wind plasma parameters during the period of 2003-2012","authors":"V. Saket, R. Verma, C. Tiwari, P. Verma","doi":"10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26671/ijirg.2022.2.11.103","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden short-duration decreases in cosmic ray flux, known as Forbush decreases (FDs), are mainly caused by interplanetary disturbances. In this investigation, an attempts have been made to associated Forbush decreases associated with intense geomagnetic storms and their relation with drastic solar features and solar wind plasma parameters during the period of 2003-2012.From the data analysis, it is observed that all the Forbush decreases (Fds) are associated with halo and partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and most of them (85.71%) are higher speed CMEs with speed >1000Km/s. A large positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.72 has been found between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and the speed of associated CMEs. Further, all these Forbush decreases (Fds) have been identified as being associated with sudden storms commencements and are related to disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters. Positive correlations with correlation coefficient 0.49 have been determined between magnitudes of Forbush decreases (Fds), and peak values of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma temperature, 0.58 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases (Fds) and peak values of associated disturbances in solar wind plasmavelocity.0.67 and 0.65 between the magnitude of Forbush decreases and peak valuesand magnitude of associated disturbances in solar wind plasma pressure. We have also determined a large positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.72 between magnitude of Forbush decreases and magnitude of associated intense geomagnetic storms. It is concluded that Forbush decrease are caused by coronal mass ejections and interplanetary disturbances that they generate.","PeriodicalId":340327,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research & Growth","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124688387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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