Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.001
M. Pandolfi, M. Cánepa, F. Meijide, Felipe Alonso, G. R. Vázquez, M. Maggese, P. Vissio
Many characteristics of the South American teleost fish Cichlasoma dimerus (body size, easy breeding, undemanding maintenance) make it amenable to laboratory studies. In the last years, many of the fundamental aspects of its reproductive and developmental biology have been addressed in our laboratory. Rather recently, the immunohistochemical localization of pituitary hormones involved in reproduction and in background color adaptation has been described in both adult and developing individuals, and the role of FSH in ovarian differentiation has been established. These findings have been correlated with mapping of some of their brain-derived controlling hormones. The latter include brain-derived gonadotropins which were shown to be active in vitro in the control of pituitary hormone secretions. The emerging picture shows C. dimerus as an interesting species in which many of their basic features have already been investigated and which conform a solid platform for comparative studies correlating neurohormones, pituitary hormones and behavior, from the molecular to the organismic level.
{"title":"Studies on the reproductive and developmental biology of Cichlasoma dimerus (Percifomes, Cichlidae).","authors":"M. Pandolfi, M. Cánepa, F. Meijide, Felipe Alonso, G. R. Vázquez, M. Maggese, P. Vissio","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.001","url":null,"abstract":"Many characteristics of the South American teleost fish Cichlasoma dimerus (body size, easy breeding, undemanding maintenance) make it amenable to laboratory studies. In the last years, many of the fundamental aspects of its reproductive and developmental biology have been addressed in our laboratory. Rather recently, the immunohistochemical localization of pituitary hormones involved in reproduction and in background color adaptation has been described in both adult and developing individuals, and the role of FSH in ovarian differentiation has been established. These findings have been correlated with mapping of some of their brain-derived controlling hormones. The latter include brain-derived gonadotropins which were shown to be active in vitro in the control of pituitary hormone secretions. The emerging picture shows C. dimerus as an interesting species in which many of their basic features have already been investigated and which conform a solid platform for comparative studies correlating neurohormones, pituitary hormones and behavior, from the molecular to the organismic level.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114593701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.067
A. Joubert, S. Marais, C. Maritz
Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family are crucial for the regulation of apoptosis. B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X is a pro-apoptotic protein, while B-cell lymphoma 2 protein opposes apoptosis. The influence of 1 microM 2-methoxyestradiol was investigated on the expression levels of these two proteins in MCF-7 cells. 2-Methoxyestradiol exposure did not influence B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression levels after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein levels were significantly reduced. An improved differential interference contrasting technique revealed compromised cell density and the presence of a mitotic block in exposed cells. The study proposes that the influence of 2-methoxyestradiol on the expression of these proteins may be time- and cell type dependent and thus not evident during the mitotic block observed. Investigation of the regulation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family will allow researchers to consider signaling pathways for diseases where apoptosis can potentially be controlled.
b细胞淋巴瘤2家族蛋白对细胞凋亡的调控至关重要。b细胞淋巴瘤2相关蛋白X是促凋亡蛋白，而b细胞淋巴瘤2蛋白则是抗凋亡蛋白。研究了1 μ m 2-甲氧基雌二醇对MCF-7细胞中这两种蛋白表达水平的影响。暴露24小时后，2-甲氧基雌二醇不影响b细胞淋巴瘤2蛋白表达水平。相比之下，b细胞淋巴瘤2相关的X蛋白水平显著降低。一种改进的微分干涉对比技术揭示了暴露细胞中受损的细胞密度和有丝分裂阻滞的存在。该研究提出，2-甲氧基雌二醇对这些蛋白表达的影响可能是时间和细胞类型依赖的，因此在观察到的有丝分裂阻断期间不明显。对b细胞淋巴瘤2家族调控的研究将使研究人员能够考虑细胞凋亡可能被控制的疾病的信号通路。
{"title":"Influence of 2-methoxyestradiol on MCF-7 cells: an improved differential interference contrasting technique and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression levels.","authors":"A. Joubert, S. Marais, C. Maritz","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2009.33.067","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family are crucial for the regulation of apoptosis. B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X is a pro-apoptotic protein, while B-cell lymphoma 2 protein opposes apoptosis. The influence of 1 microM 2-methoxyestradiol was investigated on the expression levels of these two proteins in MCF-7 cells. 2-Methoxyestradiol exposure did not influence B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression levels after 24 h of exposure. In contrast, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein levels were significantly reduced. An improved differential interference contrasting technique revealed compromised cell density and the presence of a mitotic block in exposed cells. The study proposes that the influence of 2-methoxyestradiol on the expression of these proteins may be time- and cell type dependent and thus not evident during the mitotic block observed. Investigation of the regulation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family will allow researchers to consider signaling pathways for diseases where apoptosis can potentially be controlled.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117109124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2008.32.211
M. Lafarque, L. Oliveros
In this study, evidence for a factor secreted by bovine hypophyseal pars tuberalis that stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) release from rat pars distalis cells is shown. The secretion products of bovine pars tuberalis cells into the culture medium were assayed on dispersed rat pars distalis cells in 30 min incubations and superfusion experiments. The culture medium from pars tuberalis total cell populations, added at a dose of 6 microg per tube, induced the greater LH release from pars distalis cells, without effect on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. After pars tuberalis cells separation on a discontinuos Percoll gradient, only the culture medium of cells from 50 and 60% strength Percoll were able to release LH from rat pars distalis cells. Therefore, cell fractions from 50 and 60% strenght Percoll were cultured together. To elicit maximal LH release (6 times the basal output), with the addition of 2 microg of pars tuberalis protein was required, suggesting that these cells produce the factor or factors which affect pars distalis gonadotrope cells. After applying the pars tuberalis culture medium on 12% SDS-PAGE, the band with biological activity was that of 66-kDal. Fifty ng protein of its eluate released almost 9 times the basal output of LH from pars distalis cells. Results suggest a modulating effect of a protein from the bovine pars tuberalis on rat cultured gonadotrope cells from the pars distalis.
{"title":"A 66-kDa protein of bovine hypophyseal Pars tuberalis induces luteinizing hormone release from rat Pars distalis.","authors":"M. Lafarque, L. Oliveros","doi":"10.32604/biocell.2008.32.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2008.32.211","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, evidence for a factor secreted by bovine hypophyseal pars tuberalis that stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) release from rat pars distalis cells is shown. The secretion products of bovine pars tuberalis cells into the culture medium were assayed on dispersed rat pars distalis cells in 30 min incubations and superfusion experiments. The culture medium from pars tuberalis total cell populations, added at a dose of 6 microg per tube, induced the greater LH release from pars distalis cells, without effect on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. After pars tuberalis cells separation on a discontinuos Percoll gradient, only the culture medium of cells from 50 and 60% strength Percoll were able to release LH from rat pars distalis cells. Therefore, cell fractions from 50 and 60% strenght Percoll were cultured together. To elicit maximal LH release (6 times the basal output), with the addition of 2 microg of pars tuberalis protein was required, suggesting that these cells produce the factor or factors which affect pars distalis gonadotrope cells. After applying the pars tuberalis culture medium on 12% SDS-PAGE, the band with biological activity was that of 66-kDal. Fifty ng protein of its eluate released almost 9 times the basal output of LH from pars distalis cells. Results suggest a modulating effect of a protein from the bovine pars tuberalis on rat cultured gonadotrope cells from the pars distalis.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114670057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.219
Oscar Mac Donal, J. G. Chediack, E. Caviedes-Vidal
The isolation of viable enterocytes, villi and crypts from the small intestine of a feral bird (Columba livia) is important for performing physiological experiments in ecologically relevant processes of membrane transport. The effectiveness of mechanical disruption, enzymatic digestion and chelating agents were compared. The objectives were to isolate enterocytes, villi and crypts from the small intestine of young pigeons; to evaluate the viability of the isolated intestinal epithelial cells isolated; and to verify the integrity of enterocytes by biochemical features. Enzymatic and mechanical methods yielded both elongated columnar and spherical cells. With the chelating method villi and crypts were obtained. All methods produced a high yield of intestinal epithelial cells with about 50% viability. Brush border enzymes (sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase) activities were high and, as reported in chickens, they did not differ along the intestinal villus-crypt axis. Although the three methods have good viabilities, the enzymatic technique gives the best yield in cell number, while the chelating method provides the highest populations of morphologically distinctive villi and crypts.
{"title":"Isolation of epithelial cells, villi and crypts from small intestine of pigeons (Columba livia).","authors":"Oscar Mac Donal, J. G. Chediack, E. Caviedes-Vidal","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.219","url":null,"abstract":"The isolation of viable enterocytes, villi and crypts from the small intestine of a feral bird (Columba livia) is important for performing physiological experiments in ecologically relevant processes of membrane transport. The effectiveness of mechanical disruption, enzymatic digestion and chelating agents were compared. The objectives were to isolate enterocytes, villi and crypts from the small intestine of young pigeons; to evaluate the viability of the isolated intestinal epithelial cells isolated; and to verify the integrity of enterocytes by biochemical features. Enzymatic and mechanical methods yielded both elongated columnar and spherical cells. With the chelating method villi and crypts were obtained. All methods produced a high yield of intestinal epithelial cells with about 50% viability. Brush border enzymes (sucrase-isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase) activities were high and, as reported in chickens, they did not differ along the intestinal villus-crypt axis. Although the three methods have good viabilities, the enzymatic technique gives the best yield in cell number, while the chelating method provides the highest populations of morphologically distinctive villi and crypts.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130723869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.229
Juan Lin, Wen Zhang, Mingzhu Shi, Xinglong Wang, Xiaofen Sun, K. Tang
A new cation exchangers (CAXs) gene was cloned and characterized from Capsella bursa-pastoris by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA sequence of cax from C. bursa-pastoris (designated as Cbcax51) was 1754 bp containing a 1398 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 466 amino-acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 50.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.69. The predicted CbCAX51 contained an IMP dehydrogenase/GMP reductase domain, two Na+/Ca2+ exchanger protein domains. Comparative and bioinformatics analyses revealed that CbCAX51 showed extensive homology with CAX from other plant species. The expression analysis by different treatments indicated that Cbcax51 could be activated by cold triggering and was related to the cold acclimation process, but its expression is regulated negatively by drought and not affected by ABA or salt.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a cax gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris.","authors":"Juan Lin, Wen Zhang, Mingzhu Shi, Xinglong Wang, Xiaofen Sun, K. Tang","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.229","url":null,"abstract":"A new cation exchangers (CAXs) gene was cloned and characterized from Capsella bursa-pastoris by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA sequence of cax from C. bursa-pastoris (designated as Cbcax51) was 1754 bp containing a 1398 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 466 amino-acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 50.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.69. The predicted CbCAX51 contained an IMP dehydrogenase/GMP reductase domain, two Na+/Ca2+ exchanger protein domains. Comparative and bioinformatics analyses revealed that CbCAX51 showed extensive homology with CAX from other plant species. The expression analysis by different treatments indicated that Cbcax51 could be activated by cold triggering and was related to the cold acclimation process, but its expression is regulated negatively by drought and not affected by ABA or salt.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133130903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.259
Jianli Shi, W. Mei, Jing Yang
As the key component of many hemoproteins (heme-containing proteins), heme is involved in a broad range of biological processes. Enzymes required for heme biosynthesis and degradation pathways are evolutionarily conserved. While heme metabolism has been studied extensively, the expression of heme metabolism enzymes during development has not been described. Here, we report that all heme biosynthases and two heme oxygenases, which initiate heme degradation, are dynamically expressed during Xenopus embryonic development. All heme synthases, with the exception of aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, are maternally expressed. At neurula stage, heme synthases are expressed in the developing neural tissue and in migrating neural crest cells. At the swimming tadpole stage, expression of heme synthases can be detected in multiple lineages, including eyes, neural crest cells, developing central nervous system, ventral blood island, pronephron, and pronephric tubule. Similar to heme synthases, heme oxygenases are expressed maternally. Zygotic expression of heme oxygenases is mainly restricted to the developing neural and neural crest lineages. Unlike heme synthases, heme oxygenases are not expressed in the ventral blood island and are expressed at a very low level in the pronephron and pronephric tubule. This indicates that heme metabolism may play important roles during development.
{"title":"Heme metabolism enzymes are dynamically expressed during Xenopus embryonic development.","authors":"Jianli Shi, W. Mei, Jing Yang","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.259","url":null,"abstract":"As the key component of many hemoproteins (heme-containing proteins), heme is involved in a broad range of biological processes. Enzymes required for heme biosynthesis and degradation pathways are evolutionarily conserved. While heme metabolism has been studied extensively, the expression of heme metabolism enzymes during development has not been described. Here, we report that all heme biosynthases and two heme oxygenases, which initiate heme degradation, are dynamically expressed during Xenopus embryonic development. All heme synthases, with the exception of aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, are maternally expressed. At neurula stage, heme synthases are expressed in the developing neural tissue and in migrating neural crest cells. At the swimming tadpole stage, expression of heme synthases can be detected in multiple lineages, including eyes, neural crest cells, developing central nervous system, ventral blood island, pronephron, and pronephric tubule. Similar to heme synthases, heme oxygenases are expressed maternally. Zygotic expression of heme oxygenases is mainly restricted to the developing neural and neural crest lineages. Unlike heme synthases, heme oxygenases are not expressed in the ventral blood island and are expressed at a very low level in the pronephron and pronephric tubule. This indicates that heme metabolism may play important roles during development.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125170349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.251
S. Borkosky, H. Nagatsuka, Y. Orita, H. Tsujigiwa, Junko Yoshinobu, M. Gunduz, A. Rodríguez, L. Missana, K. Nishizaki, N. Nagai
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that plays an important role in cell-cell communication and cell fate in a wide range of tissues. The mammalian family of Notch receptors consists of 4 members: Notch1/2/3/4. The Notch ligand family consists of 5 members: Delta1/3/4 and Jagged1/2. Math1 encodes a murine basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of cell differentiation. Recently, links between Notch and Math1 pathways were demonstrated in various tissues. Expression of Notch1, Jagged2 and Math1 were analyzed in the mouse molar tooth germ during embryonic stage (E) 13 and E15 and during postnatal stage (PN) 1, PN3, PN5, PN10 and PN14 by using in situ hybridization. Positive Notch1 expression was found at the tooth bud during embryonic stages, but its expression was absent from the basal cells in contact with the dental mesenchyme. Jagged2 and Math1 were strongly expressed in differentiated ameloblasts and odontoblasts and Math1 strong expression was even maintained until PN14 stage. Math1 showed the strongest expression. Our results suggest that the Notch1 signaling pathway through Jagged2 could be importantly related to Math1, directing the process of odontogenesis toward cell differentiation.
{"title":"Sequential expressions of Notch1, Jagged2 and Math1 in molar tooth germ of mouse.","authors":"S. Borkosky, H. Nagatsuka, Y. Orita, H. Tsujigiwa, Junko Yoshinobu, M. Gunduz, A. Rodríguez, L. Missana, K. Nishizaki, N. Nagai","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.251","url":null,"abstract":"The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that plays an important role in cell-cell communication and cell fate in a wide range of tissues. The mammalian family of Notch receptors consists of 4 members: Notch1/2/3/4. The Notch ligand family consists of 5 members: Delta1/3/4 and Jagged1/2. Math1 encodes a murine basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of cell differentiation. Recently, links between Notch and Math1 pathways were demonstrated in various tissues. Expression of Notch1, Jagged2 and Math1 were analyzed in the mouse molar tooth germ during embryonic stage (E) 13 and E15 and during postnatal stage (PN) 1, PN3, PN5, PN10 and PN14 by using in situ hybridization. Positive Notch1 expression was found at the tooth bud during embryonic stages, but its expression was absent from the basal cells in contact with the dental mesenchyme. Jagged2 and Math1 were strongly expressed in differentiated ameloblasts and odontoblasts and Math1 strong expression was even maintained until PN14 stage. Math1 showed the strongest expression. Our results suggest that the Notch1 signaling pathway through Jagged2 could be importantly related to Math1, directing the process of odontogenesis toward cell differentiation.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132818220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.245
Y. Iizuka, Samin Hong, C. Kim, S. Kim, G. Seong
Agmatine, 2-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against various neuronal damages. In this study it was investigated whether agmatine pretreatment rescues the retinal ganglion cells from oxidative injury in vitro. After differentiation of transformed rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cell line) with staurosporine, agmatine (0.0 to 100.0 microM) pretreatment was performed for 2 hours. Subsequently, they were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (0.0 to 2.5 mM) as an oxidative stress. Cell viability was monitored for up to 48 hours with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and apoptosis was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. As a result, differentiated RGC-5 cells were found to have decreased viability after addition of hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. This hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity caused apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation. Agmatine pretreatment not only increased cell viability but also attenuated DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, agmatine pretreatment demonstrated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in differentiated RGC-5 cells in vitro. This suggests a novel therapeutic strategy rescuing retinal ganglion cells from death caused by oxidative injury.
{"title":"Agmatine pretreatment protects retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cell line) from oxidative stress in vitro.","authors":"Y. Iizuka, Samin Hong, C. Kim, S. Kim, G. Seong","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.245","url":null,"abstract":"Agmatine, 2-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects against various neuronal damages. In this study it was investigated whether agmatine pretreatment rescues the retinal ganglion cells from oxidative injury in vitro. After differentiation of transformed rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cell line) with staurosporine, agmatine (0.0 to 100.0 microM) pretreatment was performed for 2 hours. Subsequently, they were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (0.0 to 2.5 mM) as an oxidative stress. Cell viability was monitored for up to 48 hours with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and apoptosis was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. As a result, differentiated RGC-5 cells were found to have decreased viability after addition of hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. This hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity caused apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation. Agmatine pretreatment not only increased cell viability but also attenuated DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, agmatine pretreatment demonstrated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in differentiated RGC-5 cells in vitro. This suggests a novel therapeutic strategy rescuing retinal ganglion cells from death caused by oxidative injury.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124029791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.237
E. Moura Lima, M. Ferreira Leal, M. C. Cardoso Smith, R. R. Rodriguez Burbano, P. Pimentel de Assumpção, M. J. Bello, J. Rey, Francinaldo Ferreira de Lima, C. Casartelli
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies. DNA methylation is implicated in DNA mismatch repair genes deficiency. In the present study, we evaluated the methylation status of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosal of gastric cancer patients from Northern Brazil. We found that none of the nonneoplastic samples showed methylation of any gene promoter and 50% of gastric cancer samples showed at least one methylated gene promoter. Methylation frequencies of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 promoter were 21.74%, 17.39%, 0% and 28.26% respectively in gastric cancer samples. MLH1 and PMS2 methylation were associated with neoplastic samples compared to nonneoplastic ones. PMS2 methylation was associated with diffuse- and intestinal-type cancer compared with normal controls. Intestinal-type cancer showed significant association with MLH1 methylation. Diffuse-type cancer was significantly associated with MSH2 methylation. Our findings show differential gene methylation in tumoral tissue, which allows us to conclude that methylation is associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation of mismatch repair genes was associated with gastric carcinogenesis and may be a helpful tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapies. However, MSH6 does not seem to be regulated by methylation in our samples.
{"title":"DNA mismatch repair gene methylation in gastric cancer in individuals from northern Brazil.","authors":"E. Moura Lima, M. Ferreira Leal, M. C. Cardoso Smith, R. R. Rodriguez Burbano, P. Pimentel de Assumpção, M. J. Bello, J. Rey, Francinaldo Ferreira de Lima, C. Casartelli","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.237","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies. DNA methylation is implicated in DNA mismatch repair genes deficiency. In the present study, we evaluated the methylation status of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosal of gastric cancer patients from Northern Brazil. We found that none of the nonneoplastic samples showed methylation of any gene promoter and 50% of gastric cancer samples showed at least one methylated gene promoter. Methylation frequencies of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 promoter were 21.74%, 17.39%, 0% and 28.26% respectively in gastric cancer samples. MLH1 and PMS2 methylation were associated with neoplastic samples compared to nonneoplastic ones. PMS2 methylation was associated with diffuse- and intestinal-type cancer compared with normal controls. Intestinal-type cancer showed significant association with MLH1 methylation. Diffuse-type cancer was significantly associated with MSH2 methylation. Our findings show differential gene methylation in tumoral tissue, which allows us to conclude that methylation is associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation of mismatch repair genes was associated with gastric carcinogenesis and may be a helpful tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapies. However, MSH6 does not seem to be regulated by methylation in our samples.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127585037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-01DOI: 10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.201
Samin Hong, Kyoungsoo Park, C. Kim, G. Seong
The effect of hypoxia on the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in transformed rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the effect of agmatine on the hypoxia-induced production of TNF-alpha in RGCs were evaluated. RGCs were cultured under hypoxic conditions with 5% oxygen, with or without 100 microM agmatine. The expression levels of TNF-alpha and its receptor-1 (TNF-R1) were investigated by Western blot analysis. After 6 hours of hypoxia, we noted an increase in TNF-alpha production in RGCs. Agmatine significantly reduced TNF-alpha level after 12 hours of hypoxic treatment. The expression of TNF-R1 was not affected by the hypoxia or agmatine treatment. Our results show that agmatine inhibits the TNF-alpha production of RGCs in hypoxic condition. These results demonstrate a possible neuroprotective mechanism for agmatine against hypoxic damage in RGCs.
{"title":"Agmatine inhibits hypoxia-induced TNF-alpha release from cultured retinal ganglion cells.","authors":"Samin Hong, Kyoungsoo Park, C. Kim, G. Seong","doi":"10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/BIOCELL.2008.32.201","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hypoxia on the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in transformed rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the effect of agmatine on the hypoxia-induced production of TNF-alpha in RGCs were evaluated. RGCs were cultured under hypoxic conditions with 5% oxygen, with or without 100 microM agmatine. The expression levels of TNF-alpha and its receptor-1 (TNF-R1) were investigated by Western blot analysis. After 6 hours of hypoxia, we noted an increase in TNF-alpha production in RGCs. Agmatine significantly reduced TNF-alpha level after 12 hours of hypoxic treatment. The expression of TNF-R1 was not affected by the hypoxia or agmatine treatment. Our results show that agmatine inhibits the TNF-alpha production of RGCs in hypoxic condition. These results demonstrate a possible neuroprotective mechanism for agmatine against hypoxic damage in RGCs.","PeriodicalId":342778,"journal":{"name":"Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122843031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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