A common response among lizards to the approach of a predator is to attempt to avoid detection by moving out of the predator’s view. This may involve moving to the opposite side of a twig or tree trunk, moving into a burrow, or moving into vegetation or other structures (McElroy 2019). Here, I report an unusual behavior to avoid detection in the Aruba Whiptail (Cnemidophorus arubensis), a teiid endemic to the island of Aruba. This behavior involves movement into a shadow in the open, with no further concealment.
{"title":"Antipredator behavior in the Aruba Whiptail (Cnemidophorus arubensis\u0000Wagler)","authors":"","doi":"10.31611/ch.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.95","url":null,"abstract":"A common response among lizards to the approach of a predator is to attempt to avoid detection by moving out of the predator’s view. This may involve moving to the opposite side of a twig or tree trunk, moving into a burrow, or moving into vegetation or other structures (McElroy 2019). Here, I report an unusual behavior to avoid detection in the Aruba Whiptail (Cnemidophorus arubensis), a teiid endemic to the island of Aruba. This behavior involves movement into a shadow in the open, with no further concealment.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"86 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three teiid species (Squamata: Teiidae) are endemic to the ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao) of the former Netherlands Antilles: the Aruba Whiptail (Cnemidophorus arubensis) of Aruba, the Bonaire Whiptail (C. ruthveni) of Bonaire and Klein-Bonaire, and the Curaçao Whiptail (C. murinus) of Curaçao and Klein-Curaçao. Before now, social displays have been described only for one of these three species: C. ruthveni (Baird et al. 2003). All three species engage in an arm-waving display that involves forelimb circumduction (Baird et al. 2003; van Buurt 2005; van Buurt 2011), which conveys social signals to conspecifics in some iguanian and lacertid lizard species (Carpenter et al. 1970; Verbeek 1972; Mitchell 1973). However, this behavior in the ABC island species of Cnemidophorus has not been shown to have a social function (Baird et al. 2003). Instead, experimental evidence demonstrates that in C. ruthveni it functions as a pursuit deterrent display that is performed in response to approaching humans, whom the lizard may view as potential predators (Cooper et al. 2004), although there are not yet any published reports of C. ruthveni performing the display in response to the approach of a non-human predator. My observations and those of others (van Buurt 2011) also confirm that in C. arubensis the display is performed in response to approaching humans.
前荷属安的列斯群岛中的 ABC 岛（阿鲁巴、博内尔岛和库拉索岛）特有三个缇鱼种（有鳞目：缇鱼科）：阿鲁巴缇鱼（Cnemidophorus arubensis）、博内尔岛和克莱因博内尔岛的博内尔缇鱼（C. ruthveni）以及库拉索岛和克莱因库拉索岛的库拉索缇鱼（C. murinus）。在此之前，这三个物种中只有一个物种的社交表演被描述过：Ruthveni (Baird et al. 2003)。这三个物种都会进行挥臂表演，包括前肢绕行（Baird等人，2003年；van Buurt，2005年；van Buurt，2011年），这在一些鬣蜥类和漆蜥类物种中是向同种蜥蜴传达社会信号的行为（Carpenter等人，1970年；Verbeek，1972年；Mitchell，1973年）。然而，在 ABC 岛屿物种 Cnemidophorus 中，这种行为并未被证明具有社会功能（Baird 等人，2003 年）。相反，实验证据表明，在 C. ruthveni 中，这种行为是对靠近的人类的一种追逐威慑表现，蜥蜴可能会将人类视为潜在的捕食者（Cooper 等人，2004 年），不过目前还没有任何关于 C. ruthveni 在非人类捕食者靠近时做出这种表现的公开报道。我和其他人（van Buurt，2011 年）的观察结果也证实，阿鲁宾斯蜥蜴会在人类靠近时做出这种反应。
{"title":"Social display in the Curaçao Whiptail (Cnemidophorus murinus Laurenti)","authors":"Philip Senter","doi":"10.31611/ch.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.94","url":null,"abstract":"Three teiid species (Squamata: Teiidae) are endemic to the ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao) of the former Netherlands Antilles: the Aruba Whiptail (Cnemidophorus arubensis) of Aruba, the Bonaire Whiptail (C. ruthveni) of Bonaire and Klein-Bonaire, and the Curaçao Whiptail (C. murinus) of Curaçao and Klein-Curaçao. Before now, social displays have been described only for one of these three species: C. ruthveni (Baird et al. 2003). All three species engage in an arm-waving display that involves forelimb circumduction (Baird et al. 2003; van Buurt 2005; van Buurt 2011), which conveys social signals to conspecifics in some iguanian and lacertid lizard species (Carpenter et al. 1970; Verbeek 1972; Mitchell 1973). However, this behavior in the ABC island species of Cnemidophorus has not been shown to have a social function (Baird et al. 2003). Instead, experimental evidence demonstrates that in C. ruthveni it functions as a pursuit deterrent display that is performed in response to approaching humans, whom the lizard may view as potential predators (Cooper et al. 2004), although there are not yet any published reports of C. ruthveni performing the display in response to the approach of a non-human predator. My observations and those of others (van Buurt 2011) also confirm that in C. arubensis the display is performed in response to approaching humans.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scolecophidian snakes, which include the blind and thread snakes (Miralles et al. 2018), usually have fossorial or ground-dwelling life styles, although some are known to climb rocks or vegetation. Das and Wallach (1998) reviewed cases of arboreality in this group, and additional records have been published since (Bazzano 2007; Murphy et al. 2016; Harrington et al. 2018; Kraus 2017; Repp 2019; de Fraga and de Carvalho 2022). The natural history of these snakes on Caribbean islands is poorly known. Henderson and Powell (2009) compiled natural history information on Caribbean herpetofauna in which definite climbing behavior is mentioned only for three species of Typhlopidae. According to the current zoogeographical definition of the Caribbean region (Hedges et al. 2019), records of arboreality in scolecophidian species can be expanded. The new addition is for the leptotyphlopid Epictia tenella (Klauber), which was recorded 1.5 m high in a tangle of lianas lying against a trunk (Murphy et al. 2016). For Typhlopidae, Antillotyphlops catapontus (Thomas) was found climbing into big carton nests of termites (Lazell 2006), A. richardii (Duméril and Bibron) was found 1.5 m high in a tree (Metopium toxiferum; Tolson and Campbell 1989), and Typhlops lumbricalis Linnaeus was found 1 m above the ground in a rotting petiole base still attached to a fan palm (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Arboreal or climbing behavior in scolecophidian snakes occurs when the snakes follow chemical cues left by their prey, which consist usually of ants and termites (Gehlbach et al. 1971; Webb and Shine 1992). Here, I report observations of scolecophidian snakes from Hispaniola that were actively exposed on plants or found within epiphytes in trees. Additionally, I include one observation on the diurnal activity of a leptotyphlopid snake. These records appear to be the first for any Hispaniolan scolecophidian. Specimens were collected and deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Eugenio de Jesus Marcano (MNHNSD) of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
包括盲蛇和线蛇(Miralles et al. 2018)在内的Scolecophidian蛇通常具有穴居或地面生活方式，尽管已知有些蛇会爬上岩石或植被。Das和Wallach(1998)回顾了这一群体的树栖性病例，并且自(Bazzano 2007;Murphy et al. 2016;Harrington et al. 2018;克劳斯2017;棱纹平布2019;de Fraga and de Carvalho 2022)。人们对加勒比海岛屿上这些蛇的自然历史知之甚少。Henderson和Powell(2009)汇编了关于加勒比地区爬虫动物群的自然历史资料，其中只提到了三种蝗科的明确攀爬行为。根据目前对加勒比地区的动物地理学定义(Hedges et al. 2019)，可以扩大棘头虫物种的树栖记录。新增加的是瘦型鳞状体Epictia tenella (Klauber)，它被记录为1.5米高，躺在靠树干的藤本植物纠结中(Murphy et al. 2016)。在斑蝶科，发现Antillotyphlops catapontus (Thomas)爬进白蚁的大纸箱巢中(Lazell 2006)，在1.5米高的树上发现a . richardii (dum和Bibron) (Metopium toxiferum;Tolson and Campbell, 1989)，而斑疹伤寒(Typhlops lumbriicalis Linnaeus)在离地面1米的地方被发现，在一个腐烂的叶柄基部，仍然附着在一个扇形手掌上(Schwartz and Henderson, 1991)。当蛇遵循猎物留下的化学线索(通常由蚂蚁和白蚁组成)时，它们会出现树栖或攀爬行为(Gehlbach et al. 1971;Webb and Shine 1992)。在这里，我报告了来自伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的主动暴露在植物上或在树木附生植物中发现的scolecophidian蛇的观察结果。此外，我还包括了对瘦形蛇的日常活动的观察。这些记录似乎是第一次发现伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的棘头虫。标本收集并保存在多米尼加共和国圣多明各国家自然历史博物馆(MNHNSD)。
{"title":"Arboreality in blindsnakes (Typhlopidae) and threadsnakes (Leptotyphlopidae) from Hispaniola","authors":"Miguel Landestoy T","doi":"10.31611/ch.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.89","url":null,"abstract":"Scolecophidian snakes, which include the blind and thread snakes (Miralles et al. 2018), usually have fossorial or ground-dwelling life styles, although some are known to climb rocks or vegetation. Das and Wallach (1998) reviewed cases of arboreality in this group, and additional records have been published since (Bazzano 2007; Murphy et al. 2016; Harrington et al. 2018; Kraus 2017; Repp 2019; de Fraga and de Carvalho 2022). The natural history of these snakes on Caribbean islands is poorly known. Henderson and Powell (2009) compiled natural history information on Caribbean herpetofauna in which definite climbing behavior is mentioned only for three species of Typhlopidae. According to the current zoogeographical definition of the Caribbean region (Hedges et al. 2019), records of arboreality in scolecophidian species can be expanded. The new addition is for the leptotyphlopid Epictia tenella (Klauber), which was recorded 1.5 m high in a tangle of lianas lying against a trunk (Murphy et al. 2016). For Typhlopidae, Antillotyphlops catapontus (Thomas) was found climbing into big carton nests of termites (Lazell 2006), A. richardii (Duméril and Bibron) was found 1.5 m high in a tree (Metopium toxiferum; Tolson and Campbell 1989), and Typhlops lumbricalis Linnaeus was found 1 m above the ground in a rotting petiole base still attached to a fan palm (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Arboreal or climbing behavior in scolecophidian snakes occurs when the snakes follow chemical cues left by their prey, which consist usually of ants and termites (Gehlbach et al. 1971; Webb and Shine 1992). Here, I report observations of scolecophidian snakes from Hispaniola that were actively exposed on plants or found within epiphytes in trees. Additionally, I include one observation on the diurnal activity of a leptotyphlopid snake. These records appear to be the first for any Hispaniolan scolecophidian. Specimens were collected and deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Eugenio de Jesus Marcano (MNHNSD) of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Boa is represented in the Lesser Antilles by a range of fossil, recently extinct, and extant formsoccupying adjacent island banks in the center of the archipelago. Our multigene molecular phylogeny indicates reciprocal monophyly for these extant forms, and colonization from South America rather than Central America. The timing of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by this genus indicates a late Miocene or Pliocene event, which is earlier than the Pleistocene event suggested for the Corallus treeboas, which are also represented by two extant nominal species. The compact distribution of Boa on adjacent island banks suggests a single colonization and radiation, but this cannot be tested due to widespread extinction of boas across the island banks.
{"title":"Systematics and biogeography of snakes of the genus (Boa) in the Lesser Antilles","authors":"Roger Thorpe, Anita Malhotra","doi":"10.31611/ch.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.88","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Boa is represented in the Lesser Antilles by a range of fossil, recently extinct, and extant formsoccupying adjacent island banks in the center of the archipelago. Our multigene molecular phylogeny indicates reciprocal monophyly for these extant forms, and colonization from South America rather than Central America. The timing of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by this genus indicates a late Miocene or Pliocene event, which is earlier than the Pleistocene event suggested for the Corallus treeboas, which are also represented by two extant nominal species. The compact distribution of Boa on adjacent island banks suggests a single colonization and radiation, but this cannot be tested due to widespread extinction of boas across the island banks.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substantial biodiversity declines, alterations in ecosystem functioning, and high monetary expenditures associated with the management, are among the main negative effects of biological invasions (Diagne et al. 2021). Invasive alien species, i.e. species that have successfully been introduced, established and spread beyond their native range, are expected to increase in number and impact worldwide as a result of international trade and climate change (Fournier et al. 2019; Diagne et al. 2021). Invasive species is the fourth most prevalent threat for world´s reptiles (Cox et al. 2022). Of the 21 reptiles that were brought to Cuba in the last several centuries, nine species have successfully colonized and are now considered invasive (Borroto-Páez et al. 2015), with three of them being house geckos of the genus Hemidactylus. The Tropical House Gecko (H. mabouia) is native to central Africa (Henderson and Powell 2009) and currently can be found in several areas around Cuba with populations appearing to increase rapidly (Díaz 2014), especially in urban areas. These large geckos (adult snout-vent length [SVL] = 61–75 mm) are mainly associated with human habitations, where they hide in cracks and other refuges. They feed mainly on insects, but other arthropods and even small vertebrates can be taken (Albuquerque et al. 2013; Lamb et al. 2021). The White-throated Clawed Gecko, Gonatodes albogularis fuscus is another lizard considered as an invasive species in Cuba by some authors (Borroto-Páez et al. 2015) and possibly native by others (Chaves et al. 2022). This species can be found in several sites around the Cuban archipelago living as a human commensal in houses, gardens, parks, and plantations (Díaz 2008). This diurnal gecko can reach 40 mm SVL (Schwartz and Henderson 1991) and the only known predator in Cuba is the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus; Bello 2000). Although the first introduced reptiles probably arrived to Cuba in the early 16th Century with the beginning of the slave trade (Borroto-Páez et al. 2015), little information has been published about the interactions among invasive reptile species and about the relations with the Cuban native reptiles (e.g. Armas and Iturriaga 2017; Borroto-Páez and Reyes 2019). In this note, we document interactions between two invasive lizard species and comment about possible negative effects of Hemidactylus mabouia on sympatric geckos living in human habitations. On 2 August 2020 at 1201 h, we found an adult individual Hemidactylus mabouia (about 75 mm SVL) swallowing an adult male Gonatodes albogularis fuscus (about 20 mm SVL). The observation was in a house´s courtyard in the residential neighborhood named Los Olmos in Santiago de Cuba city, Cuba. The predation event occurred on a wall, ca. 178 cm above the ground, the predator had captured the prey head-first and only the rear legs and tail were hanging from its mouth (Fig. 1).
生物入侵的主要负面影响包括生物多样性的大幅下降、生态系统功能的改变以及与管理相关的高额货币支出(Diagne et al. 2021)。由于国际贸易和气候变化，外来入侵物种，即成功引进、建立和传播到其本土范围以外的物种，预计在数量和影响上都将增加(Fournier等人，2019;Diagne et al. 2021)。入侵物种是全球爬行动物面临的第四大威胁(Cox et al. 2022)。在过去几个世纪被带到古巴的21种爬行动物中，有9种已经成功定居，现在被认为是入侵物种(Borroto-Páez et al. 2015)，其中3种是半爪壁虎属的壁虎。热带壁虎(H. mabouia)原产于中非(Henderson and Powell 2009)，目前可以在古巴周围的几个地区找到，种群数量似乎在迅速增加(Díaz 2014)，特别是在城市地区。这些大型壁虎(成年口孔长度[SVL] = 61-75 mm)主要与人类栖息地有关，它们躲在裂缝和其他避难所中。它们主要以昆虫为食，但也可以捕食其他节肢动物，甚至小型脊椎动物(Albuquerque et al. 2013;Lamb et al. 2021)。白喉爪壁虎，Gonatodes albogularis fuscus是另一种蜥蜴，被一些作者认为是古巴的入侵物种(Borroto-Páez et al. 2015)，也可能被其他人认为是本地物种(Chaves et al. 2022)。这个物种可以在古巴群岛周围的几个地方发现，它们作为人类的共栖动物生活在房屋、花园、公园和种植园中(Díaz 2008)。这种白天活动的壁虎可以达到40毫米的高度(施瓦茨和亨德森1991)，在古巴唯一已知的捕食者是家麻雀(Passer domesticus;贝罗2000)。虽然第一批引入的爬行动物可能是在16世纪早期随着奴隶贸易的开始而抵达古巴(Borroto-Páez等人，2015)，但关于入侵爬行动物物种之间的相互作用以及与古巴本土爬行动物的关系的信息很少发表(例如Armas和Iturriaga 2017;Borroto-Páez and Reyes 2019)。在这篇文章中，我们记录了两种入侵壁虎之间的相互作用，并评论了半爪壁虎对生活在人类栖息地的同域壁虎可能产生的负面影响。2020年8月2日1201时，我们发现一只成年马布乌半趾螨(约75 mm SVL)吞食一只成年雄性白斑性腺虫(约20 mm SVL)。这次观察是在古巴圣地亚哥市Los Olmos居民区的一所房子的院子里进行的。捕食事件发生在离地面约178厘米的墙上，捕食者头朝下捕获猎物，只有后腿和尾巴挂在嘴边(图1)。
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Julian Thibaudier, M. P. Burg, Adam M. Mitchell, Tomas O. Cornwell
Within the northern Lesser Antilles, the island of Saint Martin, including the Dutch part (St. Maarten, a constituent country of The Netherlands) and the French part (the Collectivity of Saint Martin), is considered the main hub for established non-native reptiles, currently numbering ten species (Table 1) (Dewynter et al. 2022; Thorpe 2022). The islands of Saba and St. Eustatius are special municipalities of The Netherlands and frequently trade with St. Maarten. During the last five years, several new non-native reptile species have been reported on Saba and St. Eustatius, which originate from the non-native populations already present on Saint Martin: the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana (van den Burg et al. 2018, 2022) on St. Eustatius, and the Brahminy Blindsnake, Indotyphlops braminus (van den Burg et al. 2021) and Smooth-scaled Tegulet, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi on Saba (van den Burg et al. 2021). It is believed that these newly established populations have been facilitated by poor biosecurity between the islands. Here, we describe the establishment of two species, G. underwoodi and the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, on St. Eustatius.
在小安的列斯群岛北部，圣马丁岛，包括荷兰部分(圣马丁，荷兰的一个组成国)和法国部分(圣马丁集体)，被认为是已建立的非本地爬行动物的主要中心，目前有10种(表1)(Dewynter et al. 2022;索普2022)。萨巴岛和圣尤斯特歇斯岛是荷兰的特别行政区，经常与圣马丁岛进行贸易。在过去的五年中，在萨巴岛和圣尤斯特提乌斯岛上发现了几种新的非本土爬行动物物种，它们起源于圣马丁岛上已经存在的非本土种群:圣尤斯提乌斯岛上的绿鬣蜥，鬣蜥(van den Burg等人，2012,2022)，以及萨巴岛上的Brahminy盲蛇，Indotyphlops braminus (van den Burg等人，2021)和光滑鳞片的Tegulet, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (van den Burg等人，2021)。据信，这些新建立的人口是由于岛屿之间的生物安全状况不佳而造成的。在这里，我们描述了两个物种，G. underwoodi和普通家壁虎，Hemidactylus frenatus，在圣尤斯特歇斯的建立。
{"title":"Establishment of the Smooth-scaled Tegulet (Gymnophthalmus underwoodi) and the Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) on St. Eustatius","authors":"Julian Thibaudier, M. P. Burg, Adam M. Mitchell, Tomas O. Cornwell","doi":"10.31611/ch.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.86","url":null,"abstract":"Within the northern Lesser Antilles, the island of Saint Martin, including the Dutch part (St. Maarten, a constituent country of The Netherlands) and the French part (the Collectivity of Saint Martin), is considered the main hub for established non-native reptiles, currently numbering ten species (Table 1) (Dewynter et al. 2022; Thorpe 2022). The islands of Saba and St. Eustatius are special municipalities of The Netherlands and frequently trade with St. Maarten. During the last five years, several new non-native reptile species have been reported on Saba and St. Eustatius, which originate from the non-native populations already present on Saint Martin: the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana (van den Burg et al. 2018, 2022) on St. Eustatius, and the Brahminy Blindsnake, Indotyphlops braminus (van den Burg et al. 2021) and Smooth-scaled Tegulet, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi on Saba (van den Burg et al. 2021). It is believed that these newly established populations have been facilitated by poor biosecurity between the islands. Here, we describe the establishment of two species, G. underwoodi and the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, on St. Eustatius.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128212552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anurans are gape-limited predators and therefore larger individuals are capable of consuming larger prey. Stomach contents of the Cuban Giant Frog, Eleutherodactylus zeus, from caves in the northeastern-most part of the Sierra de Quemados in Viñales National Park, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba, were indicative of ontogenetic changes in diet. Although niche overlap among size classes was relatively high, larger frogs consumed larger but fewer prey items. Predator and prey sizes were positively correlated in both adults and juveniles, whereas predator size and number of prey items per stomach was negatively correlated.
{"title":"Diet of juveniles and adults of the Cuban Giant Frog, Eleutherodactylus zeus\u0000(Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)","authors":"L. García-Padrón","doi":"10.31611/ch.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.85","url":null,"abstract":"Anurans are gape-limited predators and therefore larger individuals are capable of consuming larger prey. Stomach contents of the Cuban Giant Frog, Eleutherodactylus zeus, from caves in the northeastern-most part of the Sierra de Quemados in Viñales National Park, Pinar del Río Province, Cuba, were indicative of ontogenetic changes in diet. Although niche overlap among size classes was relatively high, larger frogs consumed larger but fewer prey items. Predator and prey sizes were positively correlated in both adults and juveniles, whereas predator size and number of prey items per stomach was negatively correlated.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis M. Díaz, Antonio Cádiz, Karina Velazco, M. Kawata
Green anoles of the Anolis carolinensis group are divided into the carolinensis and isolepis subgroups according to a consensus of molecular phylogenies. Species in the Anolis isolepis subgroup (A. altitudinalis, A. isolepis, A. oporinus, and A. toldo) are endemic to Cuba and the highest diversity is concentrated in forested areas of eastern Cuba. Here, we describe a new species of this subgroup from western Cuba based on genetic and morphological differences from other species. Our phylogenetic analysis, based on DNA sequences, includes all of the known species and suggests that the new species is more closely related to A. altitudinalis, A. oporinus, and A. toldo than to the widespread A. isolepis. In addition, we provide a new hypothesis on the taxonomic status of A. incredulus and recommend that it no longer be considered as a species in the A. carolinensis group. Due to the lack of a diagnosis, and poor condition, of the only available specimen, we consider A. incredulus as a species inquirenda. New morphological and genetic data of recently collected specimens of A. oporinus and A. toldo will provide complementary information about these species known from one or a few specimens.
{"title":"A new dwarf green anole (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the Anolis carolinensis\u0000species group, from western Cuba","authors":"Luis M. Díaz, Antonio Cádiz, Karina Velazco, M. Kawata","doi":"10.31611/ch.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.84","url":null,"abstract":"Green anoles of the Anolis carolinensis group are divided into the carolinensis and isolepis subgroups according to a consensus of\u0000molecular phylogenies. Species in the Anolis isolepis subgroup (A. altitudinalis, A. isolepis, A. oporinus, and A. toldo) are endemic to Cuba\u0000and the highest diversity is concentrated in forested areas of eastern Cuba. Here, we describe a new species of this subgroup from western\u0000Cuba based on genetic and morphological differences from other species. Our phylogenetic analysis, based on DNA sequences,\u0000includes all of the known species and suggests that the new species is more closely related to A. altitudinalis, A. oporinus, and A. toldo\u0000than to the widespread A. isolepis. In addition, we provide a new hypothesis on the taxonomic status of A. incredulus and recommend\u0000that it no longer be considered as a species in the A. carolinensis group. Due to the lack of a diagnosis, and poor condition, of the only\u0000available specimen, we consider A. incredulus as a species inquirenda. New morphological and genetic data of recently collected specimens\u0000of A. oporinus and A. toldo will provide complementary information about these species known from one or a few specimens.","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117018365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron H. Griffing, D. Griffing, Stephen Lesmond, T. Gamble
1Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. 2Department of Geology, Hartwick College, 1 Hartwick Drive, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA. 3Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security, and Rural Development, Union, Castries, St. Lucia. 4Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 W. Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA. 5Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. *Corresponding author (aaron.griffing@marquette.edu)
1马奎特大学生物科学系，美国威斯康辛州密尔沃基53201号信箱1881号2哈特威克学院地质系，美国纽约州奥尼塔州哈特威克路1号，138203农业、渔业、粮食安全和农村发展部林业司，Union, Castries, St. Lucia. 4密尔沃基公共博物馆，800 W。威尔斯街，密尔沃基，威斯康星州53233，美国。5明尼苏达大学贝尔自然历史博物馆，美国明尼苏达州圣保罗55108*通讯作者(aaron.griffing@marquette.edu)
{"title":"Establishment of the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, on Saint Lucia","authors":"Aaron H. Griffing, D. Griffing, Stephen Lesmond, T. Gamble","doi":"10.31611/ch.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.83","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. 2Department of Geology, Hartwick College, 1 Hartwick Drive, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA. 3Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security, and Rural Development, Union, Castries, St. Lucia. 4Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 W. Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA. 5Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. *Corresponding author (aaron.griffing@marquette.edu)","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124327360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First record of the Mourning Gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril & Bibron), from Bonaire","authors":"Gerard van Buurt, Jcgj Smulders","doi":"10.31611/ch.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344218,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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