Cocoa waste (CW) is an inexpensive agro-industrial by-product that is available in large quantities in tropical countries such as Malaysia. The rate of ethanol production can be affected by different parameters involved during fermentation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) with the full factorial design was used to obtain optimum conditions for bioethanol production using CW as the substrate. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) performed with an isolated microorganism from locally fermented food tapai ubi and tapai pulut. The effect of four independent variables temperature, CW concentration, inoculum size, and pH was investigated. In the optimized condition temperature of 31.7°C, pH 6.0, inoculum size 10.5%, and CW concentration 0.3 g/L, the highest ethanol production was 9.5 ± 1.1. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature and CW concentration had the most significant effects on ethanol production. In addition, ethanol production was increased in the highest level of pH and inoculum size. Therefore it can be concluded that ethanol production increased from 6.2 ± 0.8 g/L to 9.5 ± 1.1 g/L after optimization.
{"title":"Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Ethanol Production from Cocoa Waste","authors":"","doi":"10.47277/jeep/1(1)12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47277/jeep/1(1)12","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa waste (CW) is an inexpensive agro-industrial by-product that is available in large quantities in tropical countries such as Malaysia. The rate of ethanol production can be affected by different parameters involved during fermentation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) with the full factorial design was used to obtain optimum conditions for bioethanol production using CW as the substrate. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) performed with an isolated microorganism from locally fermented food tapai ubi and tapai pulut. The effect of four independent variables temperature, CW concentration, inoculum size, and pH was investigated. In the optimized condition temperature of 31.7°C, pH 6.0, inoculum size 10.5%, and CW concentration 0.3 g/L, the highest ethanol production was 9.5 ± 1.1. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature and CW concentration had the most significant effects on ethanol production. In addition, ethanol production was increased in the highest level of pH and inoculum size. Therefore it can be concluded that ethanol production increased from 6.2 ± 0.8 g/L to 9.5 ± 1.1 g/L after optimization.","PeriodicalId":344378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Environmental Pollution","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127232334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research tends to investigate how industrial competitiveness could be affected by energy standards in case of Iran. Annual data on Competitiveness Industrial Index (CIP), Export Value Index (PX), Export Market Share (EMS), Industrial Energy Intensity (IEI), Manufacturing Price Index (MPI), and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was used spanning the period 1990-2014. The results of the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model confirmed the positive impact of PX, EMS, and TFP versus the negative impact of MPI, and the twofold impact of energy standards (IEI) on CPI.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Energy Standards on Industrial Competitiveness: Evidence from Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.47277/jeep/1(1)6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47277/jeep/1(1)6","url":null,"abstract":"This research tends to investigate how industrial competitiveness could be affected by energy standards in case of Iran. Annual data on Competitiveness Industrial Index (CIP), Export Value Index (PX), Export Market Share (EMS), Industrial Energy Intensity (IEI), Manufacturing Price Index (MPI), and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) was used spanning the period 1990-2014. The results of the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model confirmed the positive impact of PX, EMS, and TFP versus the negative impact of MPI, and the twofold impact of energy standards (IEI) on CPI.","PeriodicalId":344378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Environmental Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130734085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high rate of injuries in Tehran construction indicated that safety program may be neglected. This research has been conducted to identify root causes of accidents in Tehran construction projects and to propose ways to mitigate them. Accident causation factors divided in two groups based on reviewing literatures as follow, distal and proximal factors. The analysis on distal factors shows that the distal factors of accident causation in Tehran are result because of many issues and causes. Some of the serious factors are ‘Cash flow problems’, ‘inadequate budget for supervision’, ‘Lack of relevant experience’, ‘Recruit untrained operatives’ and ‘Reduce project budget’. By analyzing successful safety program implementation factors, the view of respondents indicates that general management in Tehran companies, are not completely committed to safety program and try to neglect safety. Moreover, the departments of labour’s inspectors regularly neglect inspections. On the other hand, lack of workers participation in safety program, has the potential for causing accidents which cause the safety program unsuccessful. Finally, for mitigating and preventing accidents in Tehran construction site, some recommendations have been made as follow: ‘Management should assign adequate budget for designing Section’, ‘Management should have enough and relevant experience and knowledge about the projects’ and ‘Management should recruit trained operative who has enough skill relevant with projects.
{"title":"Investigation of Safety Factors through Frequency and Severity Importance Index in Iranian Construction Project","authors":"","doi":"10.47277//jeep/1(1)28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47277//jeep/1(1)28","url":null,"abstract":"The high rate of injuries in Tehran construction indicated that safety program may be neglected. This research has been conducted to identify root causes of accidents in Tehran construction projects and to propose ways to mitigate them. Accident causation factors divided in two groups based on reviewing literatures as follow, distal and proximal factors. The analysis on distal factors shows that the distal factors of accident causation in Tehran are result because of many issues and causes. Some of the serious factors are ‘Cash flow problems’, ‘inadequate budget for supervision’, ‘Lack of relevant experience’, ‘Recruit untrained operatives’ and ‘Reduce project budget’. By analyzing successful safety program implementation factors, the view of respondents indicates that general management in Tehran companies, are not completely committed to safety program and try to neglect safety. Moreover, the departments of labour’s inspectors regularly neglect inspections. On the other hand, lack of workers participation in safety program, has the potential for causing accidents which cause the safety program unsuccessful. Finally, for mitigating and preventing accidents in Tehran construction site, some recommendations have been made as follow: ‘Management should assign adequate budget for designing Section’, ‘Management should have enough and relevant experience and knowledge about the projects’ and ‘Management should recruit trained operative who has enough skill relevant with projects.","PeriodicalId":344378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Environmental Pollution","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133523153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global COVID-19 pandemic is of course not only a critical public health emergency, but a political, economic, and social emergency too. There is a huge number of private and public companies and even governments have changed their policies for their employees to work from home during COVID-19 pandemic. “Work from Home” is not a new way of working and it has been in some jobs for more than a decade; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly highlighted it. There are tech companies connecting employees and employers together by internet and they have significant role in the economy of counties worldwide. While COVID-19 pandemic has made their role became more prominent, their role in preserving the environment is clear. For example, they have reduced employees and students’ Intra-city commute. In this article we show some benefits of online services by tech companies like Cisco systems during pandemic and then new statistics about number of new users of tech companies and their economical and environmental benefits.
{"title":"The Role of Tech Companies in Economy and Environmental Protection using COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Cisco Systems)","authors":"Majid Lotfi Ghahroud, Hussein Aghajani Kalkhouran, Hamed Besarati Ziabari, Amir Sedighi, Farhad Azizi","doi":"10.47277/jeep/1(1)17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47277/jeep/1(1)17","url":null,"abstract":"The global COVID-19 pandemic is of course not only a critical public health emergency, but a political, economic, and social emergency too. There is a huge number of private and public companies and even governments have changed their policies for their employees to work from home during COVID-19 pandemic. “Work from Home” is not a new way of working and it has been in some jobs for more than a decade; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has suddenly highlighted it. There are tech companies connecting employees and employers together by internet and they have significant role in the economy of counties worldwide. While COVID-19 pandemic has made their role became more prominent, their role in preserving the environment is clear. For example, they have reduced employees and students’ Intra-city commute. In this article we show some benefits of online services by tech companies like Cisco systems during pandemic and then new statistics about number of new users of tech companies and their economical and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":344378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy and Environmental Pollution","volume":"2 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128929127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：