Diseases of Swine最新文献

{"title":"Coronaviruses","authors":"L. Saif, Qiuhong Wang, A. Vlasova, K. Jung, Shaobo Xiao","doi":"10.1002/9781119350927.ch31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119350927.ch31","url":null,"abstract":"The family Coronaviridae within the order Nidovirales consists of two subfamilies: (1) Coronavirinae comprising the genera Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus and (2) Torovirinae comprising the genera Torovirus and Bafinivirus and an unassigned genus. Five swine coronaviruses (CoVs) have been identified: transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) first described in 1946; porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), a spike (S) gene deletion mutant of TGEV isolated in 1984; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isolated in 1977; porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (pHEV) isolated in 1962; and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) detected in 2012. In addition, a TGEV/PEDV recombinant virus (TGEV backbone but with PEDV spike gene) has been identified in swine in Europe (Akimkin et al. 2016; Belsham et al. 2016; Boniotti et al. 2016), and a bat‐HKU2‐like alphacoronavirus has been identified in swine in China (Gong et al. 2017; Pan et al. 2017; Zhou et al. 2018). In pigs, CoVs and toroviruses (ToVs) affect a variety of organs, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS), and the mammary glands. Most ToVs and PRCV induce mainly subclinical infections in pigs, whereas TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and pHEV infections can result in fatal enteric or nervous diseases. Swine CoVs comprise three distinct genera – Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus (Figure 31.1) – and share replication strategies common to Coronaviridae. TGEV and PRCV belong to the Alphacoronavirus 1 species that also contains closely related CoVs of domestic cats and dogs. PEDV and two human CoVs (229E and NL63) are separate species in the same genus Alphacoronavirus. The newly identified bat‐ HKU2‐like swine enteric alphacoronavirus also belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus, but its taxonomic name has not been defined. pHEV and PDCoV are genetically distinct, and they belong to the Betacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus genera, respectively. Together with bovine, human OC43, equine, and canine respiratory CoVs, pHEV is a member of the Betacoronavirus 1 species. PDCoV is most closely related to other mammalian deltacoronaviruses from Asian leopard cats and Chinese ferret badgers (Ma et al. 2015). For each swine CoV, only a single serotype is recognized. CoVs are enveloped and pleomorphic, with an overall diameter of 60–160 nm as viewed by negative staining electron microscopy (EM) (Figure 31.2). Most have a single layer of club‐shaped spikes (S protein) 12–25 nm in length, but pHEV and some other betacoronaviruses have a second shorter layer of surface spikes, the hemagglutinin‐esterase (HE) protein.","PeriodicalId":344475,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of Swine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131253972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nervous and Locomotor System","authors":"D. Madson, P. Arruda, B. Arruda","doi":"10.1002/9781119350927.CH19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119350927.CH19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344475,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of Swine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucellosis","authors":"Steven Olsen, P. Boggiatto, P. Nol, L. Samartino","doi":"10.1002/9781119350927.ch50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119350927.ch50","url":null,"abstract":"Table of","PeriodicalId":344475,"journal":{"name":"Diseases of Swine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}