Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.009
Salomón Alejandro Barrezueta Unda, Carlos Andrés Dominguez Sanchez, Hugo Añazco Loaiza
Bananas have high nutrient needs, and farmers rely on chemical fertilizers that damage the soil. One of the solutions is the combination of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers in smaller amounts. In this context, the objective was to measure the development of a banana cultivar in different treatments of biochar plus fixed doses of SiO2, KNO3 and P2O5. Biochar (BC) was obtained from banana rhizomes at a temperature of 350 °C for 2 hours. In the experiment, 10 plants per treatment were evaluated, consisting of doses per plant of 100 g BC + 100 g SiO2, 20 g BC + 100 g SiO2 and 100 g SiO2 (control plot). These doses were applied in weeks one, eight and 16 of the experiment. The fertilizer dose for all treatments was 75 kg ha-1 KNO3 + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5, and which were applied 15 days prior to the biocarbon dose and during the sixth week of the experiment. The study showed that the 20 g biochar treatment was the most effective in terms of plant height and pseudostem circumference, surpassing the 100 g treatment and the control. The 100g biochar treatment also had the highest bunch weight compared to other treatments. In general, the biochar, silicon, and fertilizer treatments improved the physiological performance of the plants, suggesting their potential application in agriculture.
香蕉对养分的需求很高，而农民依赖化肥会破坏土壤。解决办法之一是将有机肥与少量化肥结合使用。在这种情况下，我们的目标是测量香蕉栽培品种在不同的生物炭和固定剂量的 SiO2、KNO3 和 P2O5 处理中的生长情况。生物炭（BC）是从香蕉根茎中提取的，在 350 °C 的温度下加热 2 小时。在实验中，每个处理评估 10 株植物，每株植物的剂量包括 100 克 BC + 100 克 SiO2、20 克 BC + 100 克 SiO2 和 100 克 SiO2（对照小区）。这些剂量分别在试验的第 1 周、第 8 周和第 16 周施用。所有处理的肥料剂量都是 75 kg ha-1 KNO3 + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5，在生物碳剂量之前 15 天和实验的第六周施用。研究表明，就株高和假茎周长而言，20 克生物碳处理的效果最好，超过了 100 克生物碳处理和对照。与其他处理相比，100 克生物炭处理的串重也最高。总的来说，生物炭、硅和肥料处理改善了植物的生理表现，表明它们在农业中具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"Impacto de la fertilización con biocarbón y SiO2 en el desarrollo del banano","authors":"Salomón Alejandro Barrezueta Unda, Carlos Andrés Dominguez Sanchez, Hugo Añazco Loaiza","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"Bananas have high nutrient needs, and farmers rely on chemical fertilizers that damage the soil. One of the solutions is the combination of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers in smaller amounts. In this context, the objective was to measure the development of a banana cultivar in different treatments of biochar plus fixed doses of SiO2, KNO3 and P2O5. Biochar (BC) was obtained from banana rhizomes at a temperature of 350 °C for 2 hours. In the experiment, 10 plants per treatment were evaluated, consisting of doses per plant of 100 g BC + 100 g SiO2, 20 g BC + 100 g SiO2 and 100 g SiO2 (control plot). These doses were applied in weeks one, eight and 16 of the experiment. The fertilizer dose for all treatments was 75 kg ha-1 KNO3 + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5, and which were applied 15 days prior to the biocarbon dose and during the sixth week of the experiment. The study showed that the 20 g biochar treatment was the most effective in terms of plant height and pseudostem circumference, surpassing the 100 g treatment and the control. The 100g biochar treatment also had the highest bunch weight compared to other treatments. In general, the biochar, silicon, and fertilizer treatments improved the physiological performance of the plants, suggesting their potential application in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"150 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.001
Enrique NAVARRO RAMIREZ, José Carlos Rojas García, Richer Garay, Leopoldo Ríos Panduro, Fernando VASQUEZ VASQUEZ
The objective of the research was to identify cocoa plots with the presence of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and to quantify these molecules in soils, leaves and dry fermented cocoa beans in 16 cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producing areas in the San Martin region. The samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Glyphosate concentrations in soils ranged from 0.1751 to 0.5925 ppm, while concentrations in cocoa leaves ranged from 0.0015 to 0.2639 ppm. In dry fermented cocoa beans, glyphosate values between 0.0427 and 0.5518 ppm were obtained. Regarding 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid values, soil concentrations ranged from 0.2248 to 0.7201 ppm; while in leaves, values between 0.0011 and 0.3307 ppm were reported. In dry cocoa beans, quantification ranged from 0.0708 to 0.6491 ppm. It was established that there are significant contrasts (p<0.05) between the amounts of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soils, leaves and dry cocoa beans. The values of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid found in dry cocoa beans in 93.75% of the plots exceed the MRLs dictated by NTS No 128-2016/MINSA/DIGESA, which is 0.1 ppm for these analytes.
{"title":"Concentraciones de glifosato y 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético en granos, hojas y suelos en cultivos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)en la región San Martín, Perú","authors":"Enrique NAVARRO RAMIREZ, José Carlos Rojas García, Richer Garay, Leopoldo Ríos Panduro, Fernando VASQUEZ VASQUEZ","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to identify cocoa plots with the presence of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and to quantify these molecules in soils, leaves and dry fermented cocoa beans in 16 cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producing areas in the San Martin region. The samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Glyphosate concentrations in soils ranged from 0.1751 to 0.5925 ppm, while concentrations in cocoa leaves ranged from 0.0015 to 0.2639 ppm. In dry fermented cocoa beans, glyphosate values between 0.0427 and 0.5518 ppm were obtained. Regarding 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid values, soil concentrations ranged from 0.2248 to 0.7201 ppm; while in leaves, values between 0.0011 and 0.3307 ppm were reported. In dry cocoa beans, quantification ranged from 0.0708 to 0.6491 ppm. It was established that there are significant contrasts (p<0.05) between the amounts of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soils, leaves and dry cocoa beans. The values of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid found in dry cocoa beans in 93.75% of the plots exceed the MRLs dictated by NTS No 128-2016/MINSA/DIGESA, which is 0.1 ppm for these analytes.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.015
Duber O. Chinguel Laban, Carlos A. Minaya Gutierrez
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has enhanced human interaction with computer systems, spanning from everyday tasks to applied research. ChatGPT utilizes the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) language model by OpenAI, enabling it to perform specific tasks and respond to questions. Currently, the application of this language model is being explored in various research areas such as education, health, etc. This study aims to characterize the bibliometrics of "ChatGPT" and analyze its potential application in the literature review on greenhouse gases. As of January 17, 2024, 4,288 scientific documents mentioning AI have been recorded, with the United States contributing the most documents. When inquiring about the main applications where ChatGPT will revolutionize the search for information on greenhouse gases worldwide, the responses include: access to updated information, analysis and modeling, scientific dissemination, advice and recommendations, and education and awareness. While ChatGPT provides useful and relevant answers, it does not provide a foundation for its responses. Therefore, the technical and scientific justification remains the responsibility of the researcher, as this Artificial Intelligence complements human judgment but does not replace it.
{"title":"Inteligencia Artificial - Chatgpt: un estudio bibliométrico y su aplicación en el caso de Gases de Efecto Invernadero","authors":"Duber O. Chinguel Laban, Carlos A. Minaya Gutierrez","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has enhanced human interaction with computer systems, spanning from everyday tasks to applied research. ChatGPT utilizes the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) language model by OpenAI, enabling it to perform specific tasks and respond to questions. Currently, the application of this language model is being explored in various research areas such as education, health, etc. This study aims to characterize the bibliometrics of \"ChatGPT\" and analyze its potential application in the literature review on greenhouse gases. As of January 17, 2024, 4,288 scientific documents mentioning AI have been recorded, with the United States contributing the most documents. When inquiring about the main applications where ChatGPT will revolutionize the search for information on greenhouse gases worldwide, the responses include: access to updated information, analysis and modeling, scientific dissemination, advice and recommendations, and education and awareness. While ChatGPT provides useful and relevant answers, it does not provide a foundation for its responses. Therefore, the technical and scientific justification remains the responsibility of the researcher, as this Artificial Intelligence complements human judgment but does not replace it.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"38 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.008
Marco Antonio Zapata Cruz, Ramon Garcia Seminario, Héctor Sánchez Súarez, Auberto Hidalgo Mogollon, Alberto Ordinola Zapata
The aim of this research was to determine the alpha and beta diversity of mangrove trees in the Tumbes mangrove forest. The mangrove forest area was divided into three zones: A, B and C, in which 41 sampling points (PM) were taken. Mangrove trees were counted and measured, and the alpha diversity indices were determined: Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson (DS) and Pielou (J’), as well as the similarity of the PM. Beta diversity is determined with the indices: Jackard (IJ) and quantitative Sorensen (S). It is considered that the alpha diversity of the mangrove forest was low (H'=1.0260, SD =0.6158 and J’=0.9339), with zone A being the one with the lowest diversity (H'=0.3048, SD=0.8531 and J’=0.2774), due to its less anthropic impact and due to the dominance of Rhizophora mangle over the other species, it was observed that the PM were very similar within each zone, with lower diversity in zone A. The beta diversity evaluated using IJ was 1, indicating that the diversity of species does not change between the zones, while the S index showed that there is a greater change in diversity between zone A and the remaining zones. These results can allow local and regional authorities to make decisions to protect said mangrove forest. On the other hand, it would also be advisable to carry out research to determine the impact that alterations in mangrove species biodiversity may have on the organisms that inhabit this mangrove forest.
这项研究的目的是确定通贝斯红树林中红树的阿尔法和贝塔多样性。红树林区被划分为三个区域：A 区、B 区和 C 区，共 41 个取样点（PM）。对红树林进行了计数和测量，并确定了阿尔法多样性指数：Shannon-Wiener (H')、Simpson (DS) 和 Pielou (J')，以及 PM 的相似度。贝塔多样性用指数确定：杰克德指数（IJ）和索伦森定量指数（S）。据认为，红树林的α多样性较低（H'=1.0260，SD=0.6158，J'=0.9339），其中 A 区的多样性最低（H'=0.3048，SD=0.8531，J'=0.2774），这是因为该区受到的人为影响较小，而且 Rhizophora mangle 比其他物种占优势。用 IJ 评估的贝塔多样性为 1，表明各区之间的物种多样性没有变化，而 S 指数则表明 A 区与其他区之间的多样性变化较大。这些结果可以帮助地方和区域当局做出保护上述红树林的决策。另一方面，还应该开展研究，以确定红树林物种多样性的改变可能对栖息在这片红树林中的生物产生的影响。
{"title":"Biodiversidad de árboles de mangle en el manglar de Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes, Perú","authors":"Marco Antonio Zapata Cruz, Ramon Garcia Seminario, Héctor Sánchez Súarez, Auberto Hidalgo Mogollon, Alberto Ordinola Zapata","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to determine the alpha and beta diversity of mangrove trees in the Tumbes mangrove forest. The mangrove forest area was divided into three zones: A, B and C, in which 41 sampling points (PM) were taken. Mangrove trees were counted and measured, and the alpha diversity indices were determined: Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson (DS) and Pielou (J’), as well as the similarity of the PM. Beta diversity is determined with the indices: Jackard (IJ) and quantitative Sorensen (S). It is considered that the alpha diversity of the mangrove forest was low (H'=1.0260, SD =0.6158 and J’=0.9339), with zone A being the one with the lowest diversity (H'=0.3048, SD=0.8531 and J’=0.2774), due to its less anthropic impact and due to the dominance of Rhizophora mangle over the other species, it was observed that the PM were very similar within each zone, with lower diversity in zone A. The beta diversity evaluated using IJ was 1, indicating that the diversity of species does not change between the zones, while the S index showed that there is a greater change in diversity between zone A and the remaining zones. These results can allow local and regional authorities to make decisions to protect said mangrove forest. On the other hand, it would also be advisable to carry out research to determine the impact that alterations in mangrove species biodiversity may have on the organisms that inhabit this mangrove forest.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"156 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.002
Guillermo Sales Ordoñez, Casiano Aguirre Escalante, Alberto Franco Cerna Cueva, Doive Salvador Ortega Silva, V. Pérez-Hernández, Nicolas Walter Aguilar Carazas, Manuel Emilio Reátegui Inga
This study addresses the need to understand the presence of functional microorganisms in tropical soils, providing valuable information for conservation and sustainable management. The main objective is to analyze the variability of functional microorganisms at different soil depths and their correlations with physicochemical parameters. To this end, soil samples were collected from 15 random points in a reserved forest and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties at two depths (10 and 20 cm). The following functional microorganisms were quantified: viable aerobes, lactobacilli, actinomycetes, fungi, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria using specific protocols. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to determine differences between depths, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (|ρ| ≥ 0.8) was used to analyze correlations between physicochemical parameters and microorganisms. The results suggest that the abundance of viable aerobic microorganisms, Lactobacillus, Actinomycetes, and Fungi decreases with soil depth, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria show no significant differences. The decrease in abundance is related to factors such as nutrient and oxygen availability and microenvironmental conditions. There is a strong positive correlation between the amount of viable aerobic microorganisms and Lactobacillus with phosphorus content, and a negative correlation between Actinomycetes and clay content. Actinomycetes prefer sandy soils, while Fungi thrive in soils rich in organic matter. The negative correlation between Fungi and Actinomycetes suggests competition for limited resources and possible chemical interactions, such as the production of antibiotic compounds by Actinomycetes. This study demonstrates that a detailed understanding of soil microbiota can offer new opportunities to improve agricultural practices, especially in terms of soil fertility management and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Análisis de microorganismos funcionales y su relación con parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo en un bosque reservado","authors":"Guillermo Sales Ordoñez, Casiano Aguirre Escalante, Alberto Franco Cerna Cueva, Doive Salvador Ortega Silva, V. Pérez-Hernández, Nicolas Walter Aguilar Carazas, Manuel Emilio Reátegui Inga","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the need to understand the presence of functional microorganisms in tropical soils, providing valuable information for conservation and sustainable management. The main objective is to analyze the variability of functional microorganisms at different soil depths and their correlations with physicochemical parameters. To this end, soil samples were collected from 15 random points in a reserved forest and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties at two depths (10 and 20 cm). The following functional microorganisms were quantified: viable aerobes, lactobacilli, actinomycetes, fungi, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria using specific protocols. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used to determine differences between depths, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (|ρ| ≥ 0.8) was used to analyze correlations between physicochemical parameters and microorganisms. The results suggest that the abundance of viable aerobic microorganisms, Lactobacillus, Actinomycetes, and Fungi decreases with soil depth, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria show no significant differences. The decrease in abundance is related to factors such as nutrient and oxygen availability and microenvironmental conditions. There is a strong positive correlation between the amount of viable aerobic microorganisms and Lactobacillus with phosphorus content, and a negative correlation between Actinomycetes and clay content. Actinomycetes prefer sandy soils, while Fungi thrive in soils rich in organic matter. The negative correlation between Fungi and Actinomycetes suggests competition for limited resources and possible chemical interactions, such as the production of antibiotic compounds by Actinomycetes. This study demonstrates that a detailed understanding of soil microbiota can offer new opportunities to improve agricultural practices, especially in terms of soil fertility management and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"253 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.014
César Rubén Castro López, Luis Miguel Castillo Rodriguez
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a significant environmental problem due to their toxicity, with a high capacity to persist in the environment, resistance to conventional degradation methods, the ability to accumulate in living organisms and their magnification in food chains or food. In this review article, the impacts on health and environmental components are examined. Strategies and measures for control, mitigation and/or minimization of POPs are also addressed. Agricultural and industrial activities, inadequate final disposal of solid waste and lack of wastewater treatment are identified as the main sources of POP emissions. In addition, innovative and promising technologies are analyzed, such as nanotechnology, bioremediation, rhizoremediation, biochar, chromatography techniques, ultrasound, among others, for the adequate treatment of POPs. The review highlights both the advantages and limitations of these technologies, pointing out areas that still require developments to achieve effective treatments. More economical and ecological alternatives are also mentioned to counteract the impacts of POPs.
{"title":"Contaminantes orgánicos persistentes: Impactos y medidas de control","authors":"César Rubén Castro López, Luis Miguel Castillo Rodriguez","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a significant environmental problem due to their toxicity, with a high capacity to persist in the environment, resistance to conventional degradation methods, the ability to accumulate in living organisms and their magnification in food chains or food. In this review article, the impacts on health and environmental components are examined. Strategies and measures for control, mitigation and/or minimization of POPs are also addressed. Agricultural and industrial activities, inadequate final disposal of solid waste and lack of wastewater treatment are identified as the main sources of POP emissions. In addition, innovative and promising technologies are analyzed, such as nanotechnology, bioremediation, rhizoremediation, biochar, chromatography techniques, ultrasound, among others, for the adequate treatment of POPs. The review highlights both the advantages and limitations of these technologies, pointing out areas that still require developments to achieve effective treatments. More economical and ecological alternatives are also mentioned to counteract the impacts of POPs.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"471 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.005
Miguel Mendoza Fuentes, Roberto Escalante Semerena, R. Neyra, Lía Ramos Fernández
In the last decade, the Vilcanota River sub-basin (Cusco, Peru) has shown high water vulnerability due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures typical of the economic model. In a context of pandemic and ecological crisis, addressing the complexity of the value of water becomes pertinent in order to overcome the exclusive use of mechanisms to calculate monetary value or sustain environmental governance based on cost-benefit analysis. The main objective of the study was to analyze water consumption rates in the Vilcanota River sub-basin to integrate management with a vision from ecological economics. To do this, the dynamic factors, impacts and responses of water governance were analyzed, and the problem of value was addressed through the analysis of hydrological flows with the ecological economy approach. A high consumption of the household sector was found (urban: 265151.71 m3/h, rural: 163087.50 m3/h), mainly due to urban expansion, change in land use and other local problems in a mainly agricultural area. where an analysis of the social metabolism in the Vilcanota River sub-basin and the inclusion of complexity management in environmental public policy is necessary.
{"title":"Flujos del agua en la cuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú): Un enfoque del valor desde la economía ecológica","authors":"Miguel Mendoza Fuentes, Roberto Escalante Semerena, R. Neyra, Lía Ramos Fernández","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, the Vilcanota River sub-basin (Cusco, Peru) has shown high water vulnerability due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures typical of the economic model. In a context of pandemic and ecological crisis, addressing the complexity of the value of water becomes pertinent in order to overcome the exclusive use of mechanisms to calculate monetary value or sustain environmental governance based on cost-benefit analysis. The main objective of the study was to analyze water consumption rates in the Vilcanota River sub-basin to integrate management with a vision from ecological economics. To do this, the dynamic factors, impacts and responses of water governance were analyzed, and the problem of value was addressed through the analysis of hydrological flows with the ecological economy approach. A high consumption of the household sector was found (urban: 265151.71 m3/h, rural: 163087.50 m3/h), mainly due to urban expansion, change in land use and other local problems in a mainly agricultural area. where an analysis of the social metabolism in the Vilcanota River sub-basin and the inclusion of complexity management in environmental public policy is necessary.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we use Machine Learning (Randon Forest) as a tool to classify biomass and calculate vegetation indices seeking to identify the characteristics of the vegetation cover at the head of the Atacama Desert. The aim is to establish the correlation between vegetation indices and precipitation, in order to know their reliability on the climatology in this region. The geospatial analysis based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and the processing of Landsat 5 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images was important, for the period 1985 - 2022, which made it possible to characterize climate change. The NDVI, SAVI, GVI and RVI have been tested and validated in arid systems. The NDVI responds positively to precipitation in the wet season and weakly in the winter rainy season. It is confirmed that the high NDVI corresponds to summer, after a prolonged drought. Towards the years 2020 and 2022, an increase in vegetation cover is recorded in places with higher temperatures, evidencing climate change and reflected in biomass indices.
{"title":"Machine Learning para la Clasificación y Análisis de los Índices de Biomasa y su relación con el Cambio Climático, Desierto de Atacama","authors":"Antos Tito GOMEZ CHOQUEJAHUA, Edwin Martín Pino Vargas, German Huayna Felipe, Jorge Luis Espinoza Molina, Karina Yanina Acosta Caipa, Fredy Cleto Cabrera Olivera","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we use Machine Learning (Randon Forest) as a tool to classify biomass and calculate vegetation indices seeking to identify the characteristics of the vegetation cover at the head of the Atacama Desert. The aim is to establish the correlation between vegetation indices and precipitation, in order to know their reliability on the climatology in this region. The geospatial analysis based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and the processing of Landsat 5 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images was important, for the period 1985 - 2022, which made it possible to characterize climate change. The NDVI, SAVI, GVI and RVI have been tested and validated in arid systems. The NDVI responds positively to precipitation in the wet season and weakly in the winter rainy season. It is confirmed that the high NDVI corresponds to summer, after a prolonged drought. Towards the years 2020 and 2022, an increase in vegetation cover is recorded in places with higher temperatures, evidencing climate change and reflected in biomass indices.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"258 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.003
Gianella Maricarmen Belupu Marchan, Luis Alberto Bermejo Requena, Jesús Manuel Charcape Ravelo, José Alberto Cipra Rodriguez
Community rural tourism is a driving force for local economic development by making sustainable use of a community's resources. The Juan Velasco Alvarado Hilly Dry Forest Private Conservation Area -JVA HDF PCA- has latent tourism potential, which to date, has not been properly exploited by the Juan Velasco Alvarado Peasant Community -JVA PC-. The objective of the study is to formulate a proposal for the development of community rural tourism of the JVA HDF PCA. A situational analysis of the tourist supply and demand of the area was carried out where Pilán Hill, the Inca Mine, the Jaguayes Salas and Cerezo were recognized as the most important tourist resources, whilst the main problem identified was the poor management of tourism in the area. JVA HDF PCA by the JVA PC. As a final result, a proposed action plan was prepared that proposes capacity building, the improvement of ecological infrastructure, and the formation of strategic alliances in order to achieve the sustainability of the natural resources management in the dry forest and the progress of the local community.
{"title":"Turismo rural comunitario en un bosque seco de Perú: Diagnóstico y propuesta para la sostenibilidad","authors":"Gianella Maricarmen Belupu Marchan, Luis Alberto Bermejo Requena, Jesús Manuel Charcape Ravelo, José Alberto Cipra Rodriguez","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"Community rural tourism is a driving force for local economic development by making sustainable use of a community's resources. The Juan Velasco Alvarado Hilly Dry Forest Private Conservation Area -JVA HDF PCA- has latent tourism potential, which to date, has not been properly exploited by the Juan Velasco Alvarado Peasant Community -JVA PC-. The objective of the study is to formulate a proposal for the development of community rural tourism of the JVA HDF PCA. A situational analysis of the tourist supply and demand of the area was carried out where Pilán Hill, the Inca Mine, the Jaguayes Salas and Cerezo were recognized as the most important tourist resources, whilst the main problem identified was the poor management of tourism in the area. JVA HDF PCA by the JVA PC. As a final result, a proposed action plan was prepared that proposes capacity building, the improvement of ecological infrastructure, and the formation of strategic alliances in order to achieve the sustainability of the natural resources management in the dry forest and the progress of the local community.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"260 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.57188/manglar.2024.011
J. Merino, Iván Samaniego, Duther Alfredo López Domínguez, W. Viera, Paúl Mejía Bonilla, Pablo Jaramillo, P. Viteri, Juan Pablo Gaona Gonzaga
Cannabis is an herbaceous species of the Cannabaceae family and is native to the Himalayas. It contains hundreds of metabolites with potential bioactivity, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and the cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of medicinal cannabis (variety Cherry Oregon) in two localities of the Ecuadorian highlands. A Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and four replications was carried out. Treatment 1 was maintained with natural light, treatment 2 received 16/8 photoperiod (16 hours light, 8 hours dark) for one week, treatment 3 received 16/8 photoperiod for two weeks, and treatment 4 received 16/8 photoperiod for 3 weeks. In the locality 1, treatment 4 showed better values of plant height, dry biomass, biomass yield per plant and greater biomass yield per m2, in both cycles. In the locality 2, the treatments were statistically similar in all variables in both cycles, but a trend where treatment 4 presented higher values compared to the rest of the treatments was observed. The THC and CBD contents for the treatments and cycles ranged between 0.06% and 0.51%, and between 13.76% and 15.29% respectively in both localities. Finally, the results obtained agree with what is reported in the variety's technical sheet, and the THC content does not exceed the maximum value allowed by Ecuadorian regulations.
{"title":"Yield and content of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in medicinal cannabis (Cannabis sativa) grown in the Ecuadorian highlands","authors":"J. Merino, Iván Samaniego, Duther Alfredo López Domínguez, W. Viera, Paúl Mejía Bonilla, Pablo Jaramillo, P. Viteri, Juan Pablo Gaona Gonzaga","doi":"10.57188/manglar.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is an herbaceous species of the Cannabaceae family and is native to the Himalayas. It contains hundreds of metabolites with potential bioactivity, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and the cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of medicinal cannabis (variety Cherry Oregon) in two localities of the Ecuadorian highlands. A Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and four replications was carried out. Treatment 1 was maintained with natural light, treatment 2 received 16/8 photoperiod (16 hours light, 8 hours dark) for one week, treatment 3 received 16/8 photoperiod for two weeks, and treatment 4 received 16/8 photoperiod for 3 weeks. In the locality 1, treatment 4 showed better values of plant height, dry biomass, biomass yield per plant and greater biomass yield per m2, in both cycles. In the locality 2, the treatments were statistically similar in all variables in both cycles, but a trend where treatment 4 presented higher values compared to the rest of the treatments was observed. The THC and CBD contents for the treatments and cycles ranged between 0.06% and 0.51%, and between 13.76% and 15.29% respectively in both localities. Finally, the results obtained agree with what is reported in the variety's technical sheet, and the THC content does not exceed the maximum value allowed by Ecuadorian regulations.","PeriodicalId":34452,"journal":{"name":"Manglar","volume":"117 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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