The tourism industry of the Kaliningrad region is one of the most dynamically developing components of the regional economy. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the region's tourist volume was formed mainly due to external tourist flows. With the onset of the pandemic, there was a fear of an increase in the crisis situation in the industry, caused by a sharp decrease in the number of tourists visiting the region from other regions of Russia. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of domestic tourism in the Kaliningrad region for the period from June to August 2020. It was found that despite the restrictions that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, the domestic tourist flow has almost completely replaced the external tourism. The main conclusion of the work is the unpreparedness of individual elements of the tourist infrastructure for a sharply increased flow of tourists. This, in turn, entails an increase in the anthropogenic load on natural ecosystems, which was shown by the example of the Curonian Spit National Park.
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST LOAD ON THE ECO-SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19","authors":"T.V. Sukmanova, L.O. Dizendorf","doi":"10.5922/gikbfu-2022-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2022-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism industry of the Kaliningrad region is one of the most dynamically developing components of the regional economy. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the region's tourist volume was formed mainly due to external tourist flows. With the onset of the pandemic, there was a fear of an increase in the crisis situation in the industry, caused by a sharp decrease in the number of tourists visiting the region from other regions of Russia. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of domestic tourism in the Kaliningrad region for the period from June to August 2020. It was found that despite the restrictions that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic, the domestic tourist flow has almost completely replaced the external tourism. The main conclusion of the work is the unpreparedness of individual elements of the tourist infrastructure for a sharply increased flow of tourists. This, in turn, entails an increase in the anthropogenic load on natural ecosystems, which was shown by the example of the Curonian Spit National Park.","PeriodicalId":345025,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116249954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dramatic geopolitical and geo-economic changes occurring since 2022 have created a new development context for Russian border regions redrawing their economic security boundaries. The latter are also changing, which is understood as the required level of security in the current mode of functioning of the territorial system in terms of its openness or closeness. These regions, especially ones located along the northwestern borders, geo-strategically gain more military and political importance for Russia’s national security. Thus, changing boundaries of the border regions’ economic security require theoretical understanding and development of measures to ensure it. A socio-geographical approach to addressing this issue allows factoring in the regions’ spatial characteristics, in particular, the influence of the border factor. Highlighting the specific functions of border regions that distinguish them from the internal territories of the country, the paper presents a hierarchy of economic security factors. In terms of their content, we consider groups of general and specific factors, while in terms of the character of their impact — constructive (potential-forming) or destructive (potential-destructive). The study shows that the economic security boundaries for a particular territory are determined by the ratio of various groups of factors in establishing the operating regime of the region in terms of its openness or closedness as a territorial system. We use the example of the exclave Kaliningrad region to identify the leading border functions, analyze changes in the economic security boundaries and propose key action areas for ensuring it.
{"title":"SOCIO-GEOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO SUBSTANTIATING ECONOMIC SECURITY BOUNDARIES OF A BORDER REGION","authors":"K. Voloshenko","doi":"10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Dramatic geopolitical and geo-economic changes occurring since 2022 have created a new development context for Russian border regions redrawing their economic security boundaries. The latter are also changing, which is understood as the required level of security in the current mode of functioning of the territorial system in terms of its openness or closeness. These regions, especially ones located along the northwestern borders, geo-strategically gain more military and political importance for Russia’s national security. Thus, changing boundaries of the border regions’ economic security require theoretical understanding and development of measures to ensure it. A socio-geographical approach to addressing this issue allows factoring in the regions’ spatial characteristics, in particular, the influence of the border factor. Highlighting the specific functions of border regions that distinguish them from the internal territories of the country, the paper presents a hierarchy of economic security factors. In terms of their content, we consider groups of general and specific factors, while in terms of the character of their impact — constructive (potential-forming) or destructive (potential-destructive). The study shows that the economic security boundaries for a particular territory are determined by the ratio of various groups of factors in establishing the operating regime of the region in terms of its openness or closedness as a territorial system. We use the example of the exclave Kaliningrad region to identify the leading border functions, analyze changes in the economic security boundaries and propose key action areas for ensuring it.","PeriodicalId":345025,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125112681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2022, the term “unfriendly countries / territories” was introduced as a “new” criterion for differentiating countries participating in foreign economic activity. Given the fact that about 30 % of national budget is formed by the foreign economic activity, the assessment of the prospects for maintaining the existing supply geography becomes expedient. The article divides the subjects into four groups, taking into account the “new” criterion which determines the level of contribution of “unfriendly” countries to the total volume of exports and imports of Russian regions. The first group included the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The second one brings together the entities whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of their total imports and lower than 50 % of their total exports. The third group consists of the entities whose import volume with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of their total import volume, and the export volume is higher than 50 % of their total export volume. The fourth group includes the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The highest indicators of maintaining the geographical structure of deliveries are expected primarily from the participants included in the fourth group.
{"title":"FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROSPECTS FOR MAINTAINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUPPLIES","authors":"A. Novikova","doi":"10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the term “unfriendly countries / territories” was introduced as a “new” criterion for differentiating countries participating in foreign economic activity. Given the fact that about 30 % of national budget is formed by the foreign economic activity, the assessment of the prospects for maintaining the existing supply geography becomes expedient. The article divides the subjects into four groups, taking into account the “new” criterion which determines the level of contribution of “unfriendly” countries to the total volume of exports and imports of Russian regions. The first group included the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The second one brings together the entities whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of their total imports and lower than 50 % of their total exports. The third group consists of the entities whose import volume with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of their total import volume, and the export volume is higher than 50 % of their total export volume. The fourth group includes the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The highest indicators of maintaining the geographical structure of deliveries are expected primarily from the participants included in the fourth group.","PeriodicalId":345025,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2019, the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation has annually assessed the quality of the urban environment in more than 1,114 cities. The paper takes the case of the Leningrad region to consider a number of hypotheses about the correspondence between the Urban Environment Quality Index (UEQI) values, the city’s remoteness from agglomeration centers, population changes and migration growth, absolute population and municipal budget expenditures. The use of cartographic and mathematical methods made it possible to conclude that there is no significant direct correlation between the values of the UEQI and the indicators previously specified. Spatial differentiation of cities according to the values of UEQI was revealed. The study has determined that the quality of living category is not limited to the category of quality of the urban environment, while any attempts to solve socio-economic problems in cities focused only on the improvement of the urban environment are clearly an oversimplification. This study, which is the first of this kind, engages all the cities of the Leningrad region.
{"title":"THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN THE LENINGRAD REGION IN 2018—2021","authors":"R. Gres","doi":"10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2023-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2019, the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation has annually assessed the quality of the urban environment in more than 1,114 cities. The paper takes the case of the Leningrad region to consider a number of hypotheses about the correspondence between the Urban Environment Quality Index (UEQI) values, the city’s remoteness from agglomeration centers, population changes and migration growth, absolute population and municipal budget expenditures. The use of cartographic and mathematical methods made it possible to conclude that there is no significant direct correlation between the values of the UEQI and the indicators previously specified. Spatial differentiation of cities according to the values of UEQI was revealed. The study has determined that the quality of living category is not limited to the category of quality of the urban environment, while any attempts to solve socio-economic problems in cities focused only on the improvement of the urban environment are clearly an oversimplification. This study, which is the first of this kind, engages all the cities of the Leningrad region.","PeriodicalId":345025,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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