Zirconia was established as one of the chief vital ceramic materials for its superior mechanical permanency and biocompatibility, which make it a popular material for dental and orthopedic applications. This has inspired biomedical engineers to exploit zirconia-based bioceramics for dental restorations and repair of load-bearing bone defects caused by cancer, arthritis, and trauma. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being promoted as a possible technique for mimicking the complex architecture of human tissues, and advancements reported in the recent past make it a suitable choice for clinical applications. AM is a bottom-up approach that can offer a high resolution to 3D printed zirconia-based bioceramics for implants, prostheses, and scaffold manufacturing. Substantial research has been initiated worldwide on a large scale for reformatting and optimizing zirconia bioceramics for biomedical applications to maximize the clinical potential of AM. This book chapter provides a comprehensive summary of zirconia-based bioceramics using AM techniques for biomedical applications and highlights the challenges related to AM of zirconia.
{"title":"Additive Manufactured Zirconia-Based Bio-Ceramics for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Sakthiabirami Kumaresan, Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri, Jin-Ho Kang, Nileshkumar Dubey, Geetha Manivasagam, Kwi-Dug Yun, Sangwon Park","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101979","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconia was established as one of the chief vital ceramic materials for its superior mechanical permanency and biocompatibility, which make it a popular material for dental and orthopedic applications. This has inspired biomedical engineers to exploit zirconia-based bioceramics for dental restorations and repair of load-bearing bone defects caused by cancer, arthritis, and trauma. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being promoted as a possible technique for mimicking the complex architecture of human tissues, and advancements reported in the recent past make it a suitable choice for clinical applications. AM is a bottom-up approach that can offer a high resolution to 3D printed zirconia-based bioceramics for implants, prostheses, and scaffold manufacturing. Substantial research has been initiated worldwide on a large scale for reformatting and optimizing zirconia bioceramics for biomedical applications to maximize the clinical potential of AM. This book chapter provides a comprehensive summary of zirconia-based bioceramics using AM techniques for biomedical applications and highlights the challenges related to AM of zirconia.","PeriodicalId":345166,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Additive Manufacturing [Working Title]","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125482306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101448
Enrique Ariza Galván, Isabel Montealegre Meléndez, Cristina Arévalo Mora, Eva María Pérez Soriano, E. Neubauer, M. Kitzmantel
Plasma metal deposition (PMD®) is a promising and economical direct energy deposition technique for metal additive manufacturing based on plasma as an energy source. This process allows the use of powder, wire, or both combined as feedstock material to create near-net-shape large size components (i.e., >1 m) with high-deposition rates (i.e., 10 kg/h). Among the already PMD® processed materials stand out high-temperature resistance nickel-based alloys, diverse steels and stainless steels commonly used in the industry, titanium alloys for the aerospace field, and lightweight alloys. Furthermore, the use of powder as feedstock also allows to produce metal matrix composites reinforced with a wide range of materials. This chapter presents the characteristics of the PMD® technology, the welding parameters affecting additive manufacturing, examples of different fabricated materials, as well as the challenges and developments of the rising PMD® technology.
{"title":"Plasma Metal Deposition for Metallic Materials","authors":"Enrique Ariza Galván, Isabel Montealegre Meléndez, Cristina Arévalo Mora, Eva María Pérez Soriano, E. Neubauer, M. Kitzmantel","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101448","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma metal deposition (PMD®) is a promising and economical direct energy deposition technique for metal additive manufacturing based on plasma as an energy source. This process allows the use of powder, wire, or both combined as feedstock material to create near-net-shape large size components (i.e., >1 m) with high-deposition rates (i.e., 10 kg/h). Among the already PMD® processed materials stand out high-temperature resistance nickel-based alloys, diverse steels and stainless steels commonly used in the industry, titanium alloys for the aerospace field, and lightweight alloys. Furthermore, the use of powder as feedstock also allows to produce metal matrix composites reinforced with a wide range of materials. This chapter presents the characteristics of the PMD® technology, the welding parameters affecting additive manufacturing, examples of different fabricated materials, as well as the challenges and developments of the rising PMD® technology.","PeriodicalId":345166,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Additive Manufacturing [Working Title]","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101441
P. Simpson, M. Holthaus, Luke Gibbon, C. Ulven
Stereolithography (SLA) is a widely utilized rapid additive manufacturing process for prototypes and proof-of-concept models with high resolution. In order to create structurally sound components using SLA, reinforcement needs to be incorporated in the UV-based resins typically used. However, the introduction of reinforcement into vat-based SLA printers has had limited success due to a host of processing challenges including the creation of a homogeneous resin mixture and UV-inhibiting constituents. The effectiveness of using a dual curing system, consisting of a photo and thermal initiator, for the additive manufacturing of carbon fiber short-fiber composites via vat photopolymerization, was investigated. The necessary processing parameters were developed that resulted in successful printing and curing of composites at a 5% fiber volume. Manufacturing with reinforcements that have different densities from the resin creates separation issues, either suspending to the top or settling to the bottom. Following the approaches discussed in this chapter, an even distribution of short fibers was achieved throughout SLA printed samples using a modified commercial printer. Separation was overcome by inducing a continuous flow of reinforced liquid resin in the printer vat during printing. This flow field adaptation allows commercial SLA printers the ability to produce composite parts with different densities of the constituents utilized.
{"title":"Composites Manufactured by Stereolithography","authors":"P. Simpson, M. Holthaus, Luke Gibbon, C. Ulven","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101441","url":null,"abstract":"Stereolithography (SLA) is a widely utilized rapid additive manufacturing process for prototypes and proof-of-concept models with high resolution. In order to create structurally sound components using SLA, reinforcement needs to be incorporated in the UV-based resins typically used. However, the introduction of reinforcement into vat-based SLA printers has had limited success due to a host of processing challenges including the creation of a homogeneous resin mixture and UV-inhibiting constituents. The effectiveness of using a dual curing system, consisting of a photo and thermal initiator, for the additive manufacturing of carbon fiber short-fiber composites via vat photopolymerization, was investigated. The necessary processing parameters were developed that resulted in successful printing and curing of composites at a 5% fiber volume. Manufacturing with reinforcements that have different densities from the resin creates separation issues, either suspending to the top or settling to the bottom. Following the approaches discussed in this chapter, an even distribution of short fibers was achieved throughout SLA printed samples using a modified commercial printer. Separation was overcome by inducing a continuous flow of reinforced liquid resin in the printer vat during printing. This flow field adaptation allows commercial SLA printers the ability to produce composite parts with different densities of the constituents utilized.","PeriodicalId":345166,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Additive Manufacturing [Working Title]","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132962979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-14DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101139
Ching Hang Bob Yung, Lung Fung Tse, Wing Fung Edmond Yau, Sze Yi Mak
The long-established application of rapid prototyping in additive manufacturing (AM) has inspired a revolution in the medical industry into a new era, in which the clinical-driven development of the customized medical device is enabled. This transformation could only be sustainable if clinical concerns could be well addressed. In this work, we propose a workflow that addresses critical clinical concerns such as translation from medical needs to product innovation, anatomical conformation and execution, and validation. This method has demonstrated outstanding advantages over the traditional manufacturing approach in terms of form, function, precision, and clinical flexibility. We further propose a protocol for the validation of biocompatibility, material, and mechanical properties. Finally, we lay out a roadmap for AM-driven customized medical device innovation based on our experiences in Hong Kong, addressing problems of certification, qualification, characterization of three dimensional (3D) printed implants according to medical demands.
{"title":"Additive Manufacturing in Customized Medical Device","authors":"Ching Hang Bob Yung, Lung Fung Tse, Wing Fung Edmond Yau, Sze Yi Mak","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.101139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101139","url":null,"abstract":"The long-established application of rapid prototyping in additive manufacturing (AM) has inspired a revolution in the medical industry into a new era, in which the clinical-driven development of the customized medical device is enabled. This transformation could only be sustainable if clinical concerns could be well addressed. In this work, we propose a workflow that addresses critical clinical concerns such as translation from medical needs to product innovation, anatomical conformation and execution, and validation. This method has demonstrated outstanding advantages over the traditional manufacturing approach in terms of form, function, precision, and clinical flexibility. We further propose a protocol for the validation of biocompatibility, material, and mechanical properties. Finally, we lay out a roadmap for AM-driven customized medical device innovation based on our experiences in Hong Kong, addressing problems of certification, qualification, characterization of three dimensional (3D) printed implants according to medical demands.","PeriodicalId":345166,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Additive Manufacturing [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126289932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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