Context The selection of the data-measurement metric should be the initial decision in the current field of Data Analytics [DA]. We discussed with DA-students and -colleagues re: vetting of the Nature of the Data to be used in decision-making. Uniformly, they indicated that rarely are vetting-screening-tests used for the accrued-data to determine if the Nature of the Data is in sync with the expected veracity of the DA-inferential results. This reticence seems to create inferential-issues that may well compromise the acuity and relevance of the inferential-output of DAs. To address these inferential-issues, we have selected a typical DA-screening problématique. First, we will vet the Nature of the Data and then address the problématique. Additionally, we will assume that the problématique requires the cooperative tri-interaction of: The Chief Operating Officer, The Financial Analysis Group & The Data Analytics Group. To illustrate these interactions, we suggest that Data Analytics Group is configured as “Internal Consultants” thus avoiding outsourcing elections. In this proposed Data Analytics Group-context, the Data Analytics Group elects to use a Factor Model [FM] as the Screening platform to “deconstruct” the Pearson Product Moment association profiles for the Data-Panels pursuant to addressing the problématique. Features: We will detail: (i) A Data-Panel Screening protocol, (ii) A Factor pedagogic illustration, (iii) The Carvalho-script re: electing the Geometric-data-context, and (iv) The demonstration of these cooperative tri-cooperative interactions using the Microsoft™, Inc. [MSFT] Data-Panel. The overall goal is to offer illustrations, the intention of which, is to assist the pedagogical needs for instructors, and to populate the panoply for researchers and practitioners with effective and efficient inferential tools. Results We found that the Geometric-context was likely for our sample of market-traded organizations. Thus, we used the ln-transformation for the Panel of Data for our sampled firms. Additionally, we used a Factor Model as the screening tool for addressing the selected the problématique. The Data Analytics Group was cast as an “InSource” as this seems to be current institutional configuration adopted by many MNCs.
{"title":"Data Measures Selection and Factor Profiling: An illustration of Data-Mining Screens","authors":"Mohamed Gaber, E. Lusk","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n3p69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p69","url":null,"abstract":"Context The selection of the data-measurement metric should be the initial decision in the current field of Data Analytics [DA]. We discussed with DA-students and -colleagues re: vetting of the Nature of the Data to be used in decision-making. Uniformly, they indicated that rarely are vetting-screening-tests used for the accrued-data to determine if the Nature of the Data is in sync with the expected veracity of the DA-inferential results. This reticence seems to create inferential-issues that may well compromise the acuity and relevance of the inferential-output of DAs. To address these inferential-issues, we have selected a typical DA-screening problématique. First, we will vet the Nature of the Data and then address the problématique. Additionally, we will assume that the problématique requires the cooperative tri-interaction of: The Chief Operating Officer, The Financial Analysis Group & The Data Analytics Group. To illustrate these interactions, we suggest that Data Analytics Group is configured as “Internal Consultants” thus avoiding outsourcing elections. In this proposed Data Analytics Group-context, the Data Analytics Group elects to use a Factor Model [FM] as the Screening platform to “deconstruct” the Pearson Product Moment association profiles for the Data-Panels pursuant to addressing the problématique. Features: We will detail: (i) A Data-Panel Screening protocol, (ii) A Factor pedagogic illustration, (iii) The Carvalho-script re: electing the Geometric-data-context, and (iv) The demonstration of these cooperative tri-cooperative interactions using the Microsoft™, Inc. [MSFT] Data-Panel. The overall goal is to offer illustrations, the intention of which, is to assist the pedagogical needs for instructors, and to populate the panoply for researchers and practitioners with effective and efficient inferential tools. Results We found that the Geometric-context was likely for our sample of market-traded organizations. Thus, we used the ln-transformation for the Panel of Data for our sampled firms. Additionally, we used a Factor Model as the screening tool for addressing the selected the problématique. The Data Analytics Group was cast as an “InSource” as this seems to be current institutional configuration adopted by many MNCs. ","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72426643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procurement encompasses activities and processes of purchasing good products and services in the public or private sector. It has been reported that 60% of fraud and economic crime perpetrators in the public sector were from government officials. Procurement fraud has increased in the public sector since 2012. This study aims to investigate the practice and likelihood of fraud in the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) procurement process and to recommend the course to improve the effectiveness of implementing the e-procurement system. This study employed a quantitative method to achieve the objectives of the research. This study adopted a questionnaire from previous research instruments used in many studies related to fraud intention as the primary data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed to the selected officers and other ranks within RMAF. The respondents were among all officers and employees involved directly in the procurement process. Using quantitative research for the data collection method allowed the researcher to evaluate and understand this data through statistical analysis. This study's findings revealed that work commitment, capability, and opportunity had a significant association with the likelihood of fraud in the RMAF e-procurement system when Pearson's correlation was used. Results from regression analysis addressed that capability and opportunity significantly influence the possibility of fraud.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Likelihood of Fraudulent in Procurement Process: the Case of Royal Malaysian Air Force","authors":"Mohd Azhar Ramli, Nazirah Aziz","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n3p57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p57","url":null,"abstract":"Procurement encompasses activities and processes of purchasing good products and services in the public or private sector. It has been reported that 60% of fraud and economic crime perpetrators in the public sector were from government officials. Procurement fraud has increased in the public sector since 2012. This study aims to investigate the practice and likelihood of fraud in the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) procurement process and to recommend the course to improve the effectiveness of implementing the e-procurement system. This study employed a quantitative method to achieve the objectives of the research. This study adopted a questionnaire from previous research instruments used in many studies related to fraud intention as the primary data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed to the selected officers and other ranks within RMAF. The respondents were among all officers and employees involved directly in the procurement process. Using quantitative research for the data collection method allowed the researcher to evaluate and understand this data through statistical analysis. This study's findings revealed that work commitment, capability, and opportunity had a significant association with the likelihood of fraud in the RMAF e-procurement system when Pearson's correlation was used. Results from regression analysis addressed that capability and opportunity significantly influence the possibility of fraud.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80074900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need to address tax fraud has increasingly been attracted to the state authorities’ administrators, decision-makers, scholars, and investigators in Nigeria. Although various efforts have been made to alleviate it for effective revenue generation, mobilization through taxation is still low. Consequently, this study examined Forensic Audit Services and Tax Fraud in South-South Nigeria. To this end, a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy was used. Copies of questionnaire, reflecting the research questions, were distributed to a sample size of 228 staff in the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service in the South-South States with a target population (of 530) and a sampling error of 5% at a 95% confidence interval. To assess the study's hypotheses, the Robust Least Squares Estimation technique was used. Findings revealed that Forensic Audit Investigation Services disaggregated into Background Investigation, Investigative Interview, and Analytical Procedures exert a negative and significant effect on Tax Fraud. It was also revealed that the explanatory power of Litigation Support Services in the form of Pre-trial Support and Expert Witnessing negatively and significantly affected Tax Fraud. The implications of these findings suggest that forensic audit services mitigate the occurrence of tax fraud in Nigeria, thereby improving compliance and tax revenue generation. On the premise of the foregoing, we recommend that tax investigating agencies, such as the federal Inland Revenue Service and its counterparts in the states (all in Nigeria) should employ background investigation techniques including surveillance, undercover operations and database searches as a routine procedure to proactively search for indicators of fraud. Besides, tax officials should be well trained on the usefulness and application of analytical procedures, ranging from simple ratio analysis, data mining techniques, Bedford’s Law, and Beneish model during an investigation, to help in their audit efficiency.
{"title":"The Effect of Forensic Audit Services on Tax Fraud in South-South, Nigeria","authors":"Peter Okoeguale Ibadin, Keme Embele","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n3p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p30","url":null,"abstract":"The need to address tax fraud has increasingly been attracted to the state authorities’ administrators, decision-makers, scholars, and investigators in Nigeria. Although various efforts have been made to alleviate it for effective revenue generation, mobilization through taxation is still low. Consequently, this study examined Forensic Audit Services and Tax Fraud in South-South Nigeria. To this end, a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy was used. Copies of questionnaire, reflecting the research questions, were distributed to a sample size of 228 staff in the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service in the South-South States with a target population (of 530) and a sampling error of 5% at a 95% confidence interval. To assess the study's hypotheses, the Robust Least Squares Estimation technique was used. Findings revealed that Forensic Audit Investigation Services disaggregated into Background Investigation, Investigative Interview, and Analytical Procedures exert a negative and significant effect on Tax Fraud. It was also revealed that the explanatory power of Litigation Support Services in the form of Pre-trial Support and Expert Witnessing negatively and significantly affected Tax Fraud. The implications of these findings suggest that forensic audit services mitigate the occurrence of tax fraud in Nigeria, thereby improving compliance and tax revenue generation. On the premise of the foregoing, we recommend that tax investigating agencies, such as the federal Inland Revenue Service and its counterparts in the states (all in Nigeria) should employ background investigation techniques including surveillance, undercover operations and database searches as a routine procedure to proactively search for indicators of fraud. Besides, tax officials should be well trained on the usefulness and application of analytical procedures, ranging from simple ratio analysis, data mining techniques, Bedford’s Law, and Beneish model during an investigation, to help in their audit efficiency.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74273564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radziah Mahmud, Nor Khadijah Mohd Azhari, Rosmini Mohd Aripin, H. Kabir, A. Zweni
Transparency among the local authorities is crucial as local authorities are expected to perform their stewardship roles to meet the demand of their stakeholders. Due to information asymmetry between the local authorities and citizens, there is a tendency for citizens to have unfavourable perceptions towards local authorities’ activities. Literature suggests that transparent information will mitigate this issue. Thus, the study seeks to investigate the level of transparency of Malaysian local authorities by examining 19 of them covering the periods from 2015 to 2019. Available information from the website and the local authorities annual reports were obtained. Adopting agency theory and stewardship theory, the study suggests that the level of transparency in the form of non-financial information transparency, citizen transparency and transparency easiness among the Malaysian local authorities is regarded to be high. It indicates that the information asymmetry between the local authorities and the stakeholders is generally minimised. However, this study highlights that the transparency level in the form of financial information still needs to be improved, and local authorities should be more transparent in disclosing such information. Besides providing insights into local authorities' transparency, this study is beneficial to local authorities and regulators in establishing policies; and citizens and stakeholders in assessing the transparency level of local authorities. Future research should consider factors that influence transparency among local authorities in Malaysia. A comparison between local authorities should also be made to find the best practices for stimulating transparency in local authorities.
{"title":"Malaysian Local Authorities: Are They Transparent?","authors":"Radziah Mahmud, Nor Khadijah Mohd Azhari, Rosmini Mohd Aripin, H. Kabir, A. Zweni","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n3p46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p46","url":null,"abstract":"Transparency among the local authorities is crucial as local authorities are expected to perform their stewardship roles to meet the demand of their stakeholders. Due to information asymmetry between the local authorities and citizens, there is a tendency for citizens to have unfavourable perceptions towards local authorities’ activities. Literature suggests that transparent information will mitigate this issue. Thus, the study seeks to investigate the level of transparency of Malaysian local authorities by examining 19 of them covering the periods from 2015 to 2019. Available information from the website and the local authorities annual reports were obtained. Adopting agency theory and stewardship theory, the study suggests that the level of transparency in the form of non-financial information transparency, citizen transparency and transparency easiness among the Malaysian local authorities is regarded to be high. It indicates that the information asymmetry between the local authorities and the stakeholders is generally minimised. However, this study highlights that the transparency level in the form of financial information still needs to be improved, and local authorities should be more transparent in disclosing such information. Besides providing insights into local authorities' transparency, this study is beneficial to local authorities and regulators in establishing policies; and citizens and stakeholders in assessing the transparency level of local authorities. Future research should consider factors that influence transparency among local authorities in Malaysia. A comparison between local authorities should also be made to find the best practices for stimulating transparency in local authorities.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89412438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Ferdausur Rahman, Tunku Salha Tunku Ahmad, Md. Arifur Rahman, M. Nazmul Hoque, A. Bhuiyan
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of ‘Zakat and Ushr’ as a key tool to achieve sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study also proposes an alternative model for Zakat distribution analyzing drawbacks and challenges of prevailed Zakat distribution system. The present study used qualitative approach with intensive interview on about zakat practices in Bangladesh. The study finding from the literature surveys about Zakat distribution affirm that an alternative model for Zakat distribution system can ensure sustainable development through decreasing the rate of poverty based on the Umar bin Al Khattab (RA) and Ummar bin Abdul Aziz poverty model. The study shows that Zakat providers in Bangladesh distribute Zakat in an unplanned and unstructured way which is not the purpose of Zakat according to the direction of Quran and Sunnah. In the prevailed system, Zakat providers distribute Zakat mainly in the month of Ramadan and individual Zakat providers divide whole portion of individual Zakat amount among mass people which are being helpful for poor people to run their family for a very short period of time. Therefore, based on above findings the present study proposes an alternative model for distributing Zakat in Bangladesh considering the direction of Al-Quran and Hadith. This proposed model suggests engaging local leaders, Imam of mosques, Zakat providers and Zakat receivers that can ensure building community-based Zakat funds to develop individual poor people for a long period of time.
本研究的目的是调查“天课和乌什尔”作为孟加拉国实现可持续发展的关键工具的作用。研究还提出了另一种天课分配模式，分析了现行天课分配制度的弊端和挑战。本研究采用定性方法，对孟加拉国的天课实践进行了深入访谈。通过对天课分配的文献调查研究发现，在Umar bin Al Khattab (RA)和Ummar bin Abdul Aziz贫困模型的基础上，天课分配制度的替代模型可以通过降低贫困率来确保可持续发展。研究表明，孟加拉国的天课提供者以一种无计划和无结构的方式分发天课，而不是根据古兰经和圣训的方向分发天课的目的。在现行制度中，天课提供者主要在斋月分发天课，个人天课提供者将个人天课的全部部分分配给大众，这有助于穷人在很短的时间内经营他们的家庭。因此，基于上述发现，本研究提出了一种考虑到《古兰经》和圣训方向的替代性天课分配模式。这个拟议的模式建议让当地领导人、清真寺的伊玛目、天课提供者和天课接受者参与进来，以确保建立以社区为基础的天课基金，以长期发展个别贫困人口。
{"title":"Conceptualization of The Alternative Zakat and Ushr Based Poverty Allviation and Sustainable Development Model: An Empirical Case Study in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Ferdausur Rahman, Tunku Salha Tunku Ahmad, Md. Arifur Rahman, M. Nazmul Hoque, A. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n3p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p16","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of ‘Zakat and Ushr’ as a key tool to achieve sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study also proposes an alternative model for Zakat distribution analyzing drawbacks and challenges of prevailed Zakat distribution system. The present study used qualitative approach with intensive interview on about zakat practices in Bangladesh. The study finding from the literature surveys about Zakat distribution affirm that an alternative model for Zakat distribution system can ensure sustainable development through decreasing the rate of poverty based on the Umar bin Al Khattab (RA) and Ummar bin Abdul Aziz poverty model. The study shows that Zakat providers in Bangladesh distribute Zakat in an unplanned and unstructured way which is not the purpose of Zakat according to the direction of Quran and Sunnah. In the prevailed system, Zakat providers distribute Zakat mainly in the month of Ramadan and individual Zakat providers divide whole portion of individual Zakat amount among mass people which are being helpful for poor people to run their family for a very short period of time. Therefore, based on above findings the present study proposes an alternative model for distributing Zakat in Bangladesh considering the direction of Al-Quran and Hadith. This proposed model suggests engaging local leaders, Imam of mosques, Zakat providers and Zakat receivers that can ensure building community-based Zakat funds to develop individual poor people for a long period of time.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78766305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Rasit, Che Ruhana Isa@Mohamed Isa, Nadiah Abdul Hamid, Siti Nurhazwani Kamarudin
The use of Comprehensive Performance Measurement System (CPMS) in facilitating and influencing decisions has been predominant for such purposes. It is also a complex link of CPMS with individual performance which has been evidenced in the literature in recent years. Nonetheless, prior studies have shown inconsistent findings on CPMS informational characteristics and their behavioral implications. Therefore, by taking the cognitive motivational theory and role theory into account, the current study contends the usefulness of CPMS information in increasing role expectation and motivation. Accordingly, this study examines the influence of CPMS on the role ambiguity of managers and organizational commitment by collecting data from 120 business unit managers of manufacturing companies that are registered under the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). To further examine the mediating effect, the study employed Partial Least Squares and the Sobel test and found that the informational characteristics of CPMS enhance organizational commitment by reducing role ambiguity. Overall, CPMS may provide useful information or feedback to better understand the roles of managers to essentially enhance motivation and improve commitment.
{"title":"Cognitive Motivational Perspectives of Performance Measurement System and Organisational Commitment: Role Ambiguity as a Mediator","authors":"Z. Rasit, Che Ruhana Isa@Mohamed Isa, Nadiah Abdul Hamid, Siti Nurhazwani Kamarudin","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n2p64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n2p64","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Comprehensive Performance Measurement System (CPMS) in facilitating and influencing decisions has been predominant for such purposes. It is also a complex link of CPMS with individual performance which has been evidenced in the literature in recent years. Nonetheless, prior studies have shown inconsistent findings on CPMS informational characteristics and their behavioral implications. Therefore, by taking the cognitive motivational theory and role theory into account, the current study contends the usefulness of CPMS information in increasing role expectation and motivation. Accordingly, this study examines the influence of CPMS on the role ambiguity of managers and organizational commitment by collecting data from 120 business unit managers of manufacturing companies that are registered under the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). To further examine the mediating effect, the study employed Partial Least Squares and the Sobel test and found that the informational characteristics of CPMS enhance organizational commitment by reducing role ambiguity. Overall, CPMS may provide useful information or feedback to better understand the roles of managers to essentially enhance motivation and improve commitment.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89684223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Suriya Binti Ismail, Nuridayu Binti Yunus, Farazila Rita Binti Abd Jamil, Mohamad Aidil Bin Mohamad Jalani, Mohd Zakwan Bin Abdul Latiff
The development of information technology and rising internet usage has fueled the expansion of digital-based services across the globe. The government started charging a six percent digital service tax (DST) to foreign digital service providers (FSPs) on 1st January 2020. In its first year of operation, this tax brought in more than RM400 million for the government. Digital Service Tax is only imposed on taxable digital services that are provided to consumers in Malaysia. Although the implementation of DST has been previously announced and the act has been enacted, there is a possibility that users have low awareness due to lack of information and unclear about the purpose of DST implementation. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the law may be a factor in the consumers' need for more awareness. Thus, this study aimed to examine factors influencing user awareness on the implementation of DST in Malaysia. This study applied a quantitative research method where questionnaires were distributed through Google forms among individual users in Klang Valley. A total of 63 respondents have been received, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used to analyse the data. According to this study, approximately 50% of the respondents learned about DST from television, radio, Internet and websites. Furthermore, the relationships between self-attitude, economic factors and user acceptance towards user awareness have been tested. Nevertheless, only economic factors and user acceptance have a significant positive influence towards the user awareness in the implementation of DST in Malaysia. Disseminating DST information to all users will increase their understanding and inculcate positive self-attitude towards acceptance of new tax policy. Therefore, the result of the study will assist the regulator, particularly the tax authority in finding a solution that could increase the level of tax awareness among the public and users.
{"title":"User Awareness on the Implementation of Digital Service Tax in Malaysia","authors":"Ida Suriya Binti Ismail, Nuridayu Binti Yunus, Farazila Rita Binti Abd Jamil, Mohamad Aidil Bin Mohamad Jalani, Mohd Zakwan Bin Abdul Latiff","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n2p52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n2p52","url":null,"abstract":"The development of information technology and rising internet usage has fueled the expansion of digital-based services across the globe. The government started charging a six percent digital service tax (DST) to foreign digital service providers (FSPs) on 1st January 2020. In its first year of operation, this tax brought in more than RM400 million for the government. Digital Service Tax is only imposed on taxable digital services that are provided to consumers in Malaysia. Although the implementation of DST has been previously announced and the act has been enacted, there is a possibility that users have low awareness due to lack of information and unclear about the purpose of DST implementation. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the law may be a factor in the consumers' need for more awareness. Thus, this study aimed to examine factors influencing user awareness on the implementation of DST in Malaysia. This study applied a quantitative research method where questionnaires were distributed through Google forms among individual users in Klang Valley. A total of 63 respondents have been received, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used to analyse the data. According to this study, approximately 50% of the respondents learned about DST from television, radio, Internet and websites. Furthermore, the relationships between self-attitude, economic factors and user acceptance towards user awareness have been tested. Nevertheless, only economic factors and user acceptance have a significant positive influence towards the user awareness in the implementation of DST in Malaysia. Disseminating DST information to all users will increase their understanding and inculcate positive self-attitude towards acceptance of new tax policy. Therefore, the result of the study will assist the regulator, particularly the tax authority in finding a solution that could increase the level of tax awareness among the public and users.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82764633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Amira Zainal Abidin, Z. Ahmad, N. A. Hamid, Nur Afiqah Md Amin
Internal auditors have found it difficult to exercise independence when management interferes with their work. This is because they are part of and work for the organisation. This study investigated the relationships between professional scepticism, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and commitment to independence. Data were collected using questionnaires. 77 out of 325 questionnaires were returned from heads of in-house internal auditors of Malaysian listed companies. Multiple regression analysis was utilised to determine the link between the independent and dependent variables. After testing the three hypotheses, the findings indicate that professional scepticism and self-efficacy significantly impact commitment to independence, whereas job satisfaction has no significant impact on them. These associations suggested that the internal auditor is more committed to independence when professional scepticism and self-efficacy are higher. By demonstrating the link between professional scepticism, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and Malaysian internal auditors' commitment to independence, this study considerably adds to the body of knowledge on internal auditing and management.
{"title":"An Internal Auditor’s Commitment to Independence: The Effect of Professional Scepticism, Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction","authors":"Nur Amira Zainal Abidin, Z. Ahmad, N. A. Hamid, Nur Afiqah Md Amin","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n2p39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n2p39","url":null,"abstract":"Internal auditors have found it difficult to exercise independence when management interferes with their work. This is because they are part of and work for the organisation. This study investigated the relationships between professional scepticism, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and commitment to independence. Data were collected using questionnaires. 77 out of 325 questionnaires were returned from heads of in-house internal auditors of Malaysian listed companies. Multiple regression analysis was utilised to determine the link between the independent and dependent variables. After testing the three hypotheses, the findings indicate that professional scepticism and self-efficacy significantly impact commitment to independence, whereas job satisfaction has no significant impact on them. These associations suggested that the internal auditor is more committed to independence when professional scepticism and self-efficacy are higher. By demonstrating the link between professional scepticism, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and Malaysian internal auditors' commitment to independence, this study considerably adds to the body of knowledge on internal auditing and management.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90482675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to present the state of the academic literature on the sustainability of non-profit organizations (NPOs) and how previous researchers have approached NPO sustainability. The review has resulted in the final 30 articles for review and analysis. The research characteristics of the articles are identified by examining the publication outlet. It is observed that research in the 1990s on NPO sustainability is scarce, with a focus on understanding and identifying models of sustainability. Research in the first decade of the 21st Century has focused on the financial and non-financial approaches to address the sustainability of NPO. Meanwhile, research in the 21st Century's second decade acknowledged the need to integrate the diverse perspective of NPO sustainability into a comprehensive framework. This study found various approaches that influence NPO sustainability: financial or economic approach; organizational characteristics and strategy; capacity building; partnership or collaboration; and value-based perspective. Theoretically, this study provides an overall view of how academic researchers have attempted to address NPOs' sustainability. In terms of practical contribution, this study serves as a guide for the NPOs and relevant regulators on how to address the organization’s sustainability from various perspectives. We further set out suggestions for future research as well as the limitations and contributions of this study.
{"title":"Sustainability of Non-Profit Organizations: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nur Hayati Ab Samad, N. Ahmad, Khadijah Suria","doi":"10.5430/afr.v12n2p25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n2p25","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present the state of the academic literature on the sustainability of non-profit organizations (NPOs) and how previous researchers have approached NPO sustainability. The review has resulted in the final 30 articles for review and analysis. The research characteristics of the articles are identified by examining the publication outlet. It is observed that research in the 1990s on NPO sustainability is scarce, with a focus on understanding and identifying models of sustainability. Research in the first decade of the 21st Century has focused on the financial and non-financial approaches to address the sustainability of NPO. Meanwhile, research in the 21st Century's second decade acknowledged the need to integrate the diverse perspective of NPO sustainability into a comprehensive framework. This study found various approaches that influence NPO sustainability: financial or economic approach; organizational characteristics and strategy; capacity building; partnership or collaboration; and value-based perspective. Theoretically, this study provides an overall view of how academic researchers have attempted to address NPOs' sustainability. In terms of practical contribution, this study serves as a guide for the NPOs and relevant regulators on how to address the organization’s sustainability from various perspectives. We further set out suggestions for future research as well as the limitations and contributions of this study.","PeriodicalId":34570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research","volume":"302 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76358711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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