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On designing a fast-deployable 'localized' GIS platform for using 'offline' during post-disaster situation 设计一个快速部署的“本地化”GIS平台,用于灾后情况下的“离线”使用
P. Paul, C. Mukherjee, B. Ghosh, Sudipta Pandit, Sujoy Saha, S. Nandi
Modeling the demand and supply during an absolute catastrophe is a major challenge for any disaster manager. This paper demonstrates implementation of an easily deployable end-to-end system, by which, various situational data can be collected by the stakeholders during any post-disaster circumstances, and a general summarized view can be plotted on crisis map. The proposed Four Tier Hybrid Ad hoc Network Architecture does not require an Internet backbone but can conduct the complete process in 'offline' mode. Periodic Merging of GIS data enriches the quality of the summarized view. Here we have tried to evaluate the system based on some initial results on a dummy challenged network scenario.
对绝对灾难期间的需求和供应进行建模是任何灾难管理人员面临的主要挑战。本文演示了一个易于部署的端到端系统的实现,通过该系统,利益相关者可以在任何灾后情况下收集各种情景数据,并可以在危机地图上绘制总体总结视图。提出的四层混合自组织网络架构不需要互联网骨干网,但可以在“离线”模式下完成整个过程。GIS数据的定期合并提高了汇总视图的质量。在这里,我们尝试基于虚拟挑战网络场景的一些初始结果来评估系统。
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引用次数: 2
Proactive diabetes management: research directions 积极的糖尿病管理:研究方向
Merlin George, A. Chacko, Sudeep Koshy Kurien
More than 200 million people across the globe are affected by Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which is one of the most common endocrine disorders. DM progression is dangerous as it leads to several life-threatening complications within 5--15 years of onset, depending on the care and management that they receive for DM. Hence, it is important for the public and healthcare policymakers to look proactively at managing the onset of the disease and delay associated complications as far as possible. Proactive management would result in significant reductions in the healthcare expenses. The fight against DM is multidisciplinary and research-oriented. Computer and data scientists can collaborate with medical researchers to augment research and management by using the power of big data analytics, machine learning, IoT (Internet of Things), and cloud computing. Computing principles and techniques can be used to efficiently collect, manage, and analyse data to derive meaningful insights, which can then be used for efficient management of the health concerns of patients. This paper describes the need for diabetes management and reviews technological interventions and related research directions in proactive diabetes management.
全球有超过2亿人患有糖尿病(DM),这是最常见的内分泌疾病之一。糖尿病的进展是危险的,因为它会在发病的5- 15年内导致几种危及生命的并发症,这取决于他们接受的糖尿病的护理和管理。因此,公众和医疗保健决策者积极考虑控制疾病的发作并尽可能延迟相关并发症是很重要的。积极主动的管理将显著减少医疗费用。与糖尿病的斗争是多学科和以研究为导向的。计算机和数据科学家可以与医学研究人员合作,利用大数据分析、机器学习、物联网(IoT)和云计算的力量来增强研究和管理。计算原理和技术可用于有效地收集、管理和分析数据,以获得有意义的见解,然后可用于有效管理患者的健康问题。本文阐述了糖尿病管理的必要性,综述了糖尿病主动管理的技术干预措施及相关研究方向。
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引用次数: 3
Defense strategies and expected capacity of high performance computing infrastructures 高性能计算基础设施的防御策略和预期容量
N. Rao, N. Imam, Chris Y. T. Ma, Fei He
We consider high performance computing infrastructures consisting of multiple sites connected over a wide-area network. These sites house heterogeneous computing systems, network elements and local-area connections, and the wide-area network plays a critical, asymmetric role of providing the vital connectivity between them. We model this infrastructure as a recursive system of systems, wherein the basic systems at the finest levels are composed of discrete cyber and physical components. These components may be disabled by cyber and physical disruptions, and their reinforcements protect against them albeit at a cost. We utilize results from a game formulation based on (i) characterizing the disruptions between systems at each level of recursion using aggregate failure correlation functions, and within basic systems using the multiplier functions, and (ii) using utility functions expressed in terms of the number of basic system components attacked and reinforced. At Nash Equilibrium, we derive expressions for the expected capacity of the infrastructure given by the number of computing nodes that are operational and connected to the network.
我们考虑由广域网上连接的多个站点组成的高性能计算基础设施。这些站点容纳异构计算系统、网络元素和局部区域连接,广域网在提供它们之间的重要连接方面起着关键的、不对称的作用。我们将此基础设施建模为系统的递归系统,其中最高级的基本系统由离散的网络和物理组件组成。这些组件可能会因网络和物理干扰而失效,它们的增援可以防范这些干扰,尽管这是有代价的。我们利用游戏公式的结果,该公式基于(i)使用总体失效相关函数描述递归的每个级别的系统之间的中断,并在基本系统内使用乘数函数,以及(ii)使用以受攻击和增强的基本系统组件数量表示的效用函数。在纳什均衡中,我们推导出基础设施预期容量的表达式,该表达式由可运行并连接到网络的计算节点的数量给出。
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引用次数: 2
Advanced urban public transportation system for Indian scenarios 印度场景的先进城市公共交通系统
Pruthvish Rajput, Manish Chaturvedi, Pankesh Patel
This article presents a part of the work being carried out under the Department of Science & Technology (DST)-funded project, titled Advanced Urban Public Transportation System. The solutions designed for real-time tracking of metro buses in urban areas of India, detecting bus-stops automatically, and predicting the arrival time of buses accurately are elaborated. The proposed system addresses the challenges related to GPS outage, unknown schedule and stoppages of buses, and unavailability of real time traffic information along the bus-route. The system is evaluated using multiple-trip data collected over a 32 kilometer long route during the peak and off-peak hour traffic conditions. The bus-stop detection accuracy of 75% (6 out of 8 bus-stops are accurately detected) could be achieved using an arbitrary set of trips conducted over the route. The arrival time prediction error of 7% (5 minutes) has been reported. The scalability assessment of the system shows that it can support the transit of more than ten thousand buses and over one million subscribers/commuters.
本文介绍了在科技部(DST)资助的项目“先进城市公共交通系统”下正在进行的部分工作。详细阐述了印度城市地铁公交实时跟踪、自动检测公交站点、准确预测公交到达时间的解决方案。所提出的系统解决了GPS中断、公交车时刻表和停运未知以及公交路线上的实时交通信息不可用等问题。该系统使用高峰和非高峰时段交通状况下在32公里长的路线上收集的多次行程数据进行评估。通过在路线上进行任意一组行程,可以实现75%的公交站点检测精度(8个公交站点中有6个被准确检测到)。有报道称到达时间预测误差为7%(5分钟)。系统的可扩展性评估表明,该系统可支持1万多辆公交车和超过100万的用户/通勤者。
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引用次数: 11
On upper and lower bounds of identifying code set for soccer ball graph with application to satellite deployment 足球图识别码集的上下界及其在卫星部署中的应用
Arunabha Sen, V. Goliber, K. Basu, Chenyang Zhou, Sumitava Ghosh
We study a monitoring problem on the surface of the earth for significant environmental, social/political and extreme events using satellites as sensors. We assume that the surface of the earth is divided into a set of regions, where a region may be a continent, a country, or a set of neighboring countries. We also assume that, the impact of a significant event spills into neighboring regions and there will be corresponding indicators of such events. Careful deployment of sensors, utilizing Identifying Codes, can ensure that even though the number of deployed sensors is fewer than the number of regions, it may be possible to uniquely identify the region where the event has taken place. We assume that an event is confined to a region. As Earth is almost a sphere, we use a soccer ball (a sphere) as a model. From the model, we construct a Soccer Ball Graph (SBG), and show that the SBG has at least 26 sets of Identifying Codes of cardinality ten, implying that there are at least 26 different ways to deploy ten satellites to monitor the Earth. Finally, we also show that the size of the minimum Identifying Code for the SBG is at least nine.
我们研究了一个监测问题,在地球表面的重大环境,社会/政治和极端事件使用卫星作为传感器。我们假设地球表面被划分为一组区域,其中一个区域可以是一个大陆、一个国家或一组邻国。我们还假设,一个重大事件的影响会扩散到邻近地区,并且会有相应的事件指标。仔细部署传感器,利用识别代码,可以确保即使部署的传感器数量少于区域数量,也有可能唯一地识别事件发生的区域。我们假设一个事件局限于一个地区。由于地球几乎是一个球体,我们用足球(一个球体)作为模型。从模型中,我们构建了一个足球图(SBG),并表明SBG至少有26组基数为10的识别代码,这意味着至少有26种不同的方式来部署10颗卫星来监视地球。最后,我们还表明,SBG的最小识别码的大小至少为9。
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引用次数: 4
A cost-aware algorithm for placement of enterprise applications in federated cloud data center 用于在联邦云数据中心中放置企业应用程序的成本感知算法
Moustafa Najm, V. Tamarapalli
Nowadays, many enterprise applications with a global coverage, huge volume and dense communication are deployed in the cloud. Federated data center (DC), where multiple cloud providers (CPs) share their resources, presents a scalable platform to serve such applications [1]. The main goal CPs is minimizing the operating cost. Energy consumption contributes a major fraction of operating cost; up to 50% [2]. Further, enterprise applications contain a large number of virtual machines (VMs) with huge data exchange up to 500 TB per day [3]. Subsequently, energy and bandwidth must be considered during VM placement to minimize the operating cost.
如今,许多覆盖全球、体量巨大、通信密集的企业应用都部署在云中。联邦数据中心(DC)是多个云提供商(CPs)共享其资源的地方,它提供了一个可扩展的平台来为此类应用提供服务[1]。CPs的主要目标是最小化运营成本。能源消耗占运营成本的很大一部分;高达50%[2]。此外,企业应用包含大量虚拟机(vm),每天的数据交换量高达500tb[3]。随后,在虚拟机放置期间必须考虑能量和带宽,以最大限度地降低运营成本。
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引用次数: 9
A simple 2(1-1/l) factor distributed approximation algorithm for steiner tree in the CONGEST model 一个简单的2(1-1/l)因子分布近似算法的斯坦纳树在CONGEST模型
Parikshit Saikia, S. Karmakar
The Steiner tree problem is a classical and fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. The best known deterministic distributed algorithm for the Steiner tree problem in the CONGEST model was proposed by Lenzen and Patt-Shamir [25] that constructs a Steiner tree whose cost is optimal upto a factor of 2 and the round complexity is [MATH HERE] for a graph of n nodes and t terminals, where S is the shortest path diameter of the graph. Note here that the Õ (·) notation hides polylogarithmic factors in n. In this paper we present a simple deterministic distributed algorithm for constructing a Steiner tree in the CONGEST model with an approximation factor [MATH HERE] of the optimal where ℓ is the number of terminal leaf nodes in the optimal Steiner tree. The round complexity of our algorithm is [MATH HERE] and the message complexity is O(Δ(n − t)S + n3/2, where Δ is the maximum degree of a vertex in the graph. Our algorithm is based on the computation of a sub-graph called the shortest path forest for which we present a separate deterministic distributed algorithm with round and message complexities of O(S) and O(Δ(n - t)S) respectively.
斯坦纳树问题是组合优化中的一个经典而基本的问题。对于CONGEST模型中Steiner树问题,最著名的确定性分布式算法是由Lenzen和pat - shamir[25]提出的,该算法为n个节点和t个终端的图构建了一棵代价最优的Steiner树,其圆复杂度为[MATH HERE],其中S为图的最短路径直径。请注意,Õ(·)符号隐藏了n中的多对数因子。在本文中,我们提出了一个简单的确定性分布式算法,用于在CONGEST模型中构造Steiner树,其中最优Steiner树的近似因子[MATH here]是最优Steiner树的终端叶节点数。我们算法的轮复杂度为[MATH HERE],消息复杂度为O(Δ(n−t)S + n3/2,其中Δ为图中顶点的最大度。我们的算法基于称为最短路径森林的子图的计算,为此我们提出了一个单独的确定性分布式算法,其圆形和消息复杂性分别为O(S)和O(Δ(n - t)S)。
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引用次数: 3
A simple and practical concurrent non-blocking unbounded graph with linearizable reachability queries 具有线性可达查询的简单实用的并发非阻塞无界图
Bapi Chatterjee, Sathya Peri, Muktikanta Sa, N. Singhal
Graph algorithms applied in many applications, including social networks, communication networks, VLSI design, graphics, and several others, require dynamic modifications - addition and removal of vertices and/or edges - in the graph. This paper presents a novel concurrent non-blocking algorithm to implement a dynamic unbounded directed graph in a shared-memory machine. The addition and removal operations of vertices and edges are lock-free. For a finite sized graph, the lookup operations are wait-free. Most significant component of the presented algorithm is the reachability query in a concurrent graph. The reachability queries in our algorithm are obstruction-free and thus impose minimal additional synchronization cost over other operations. We prove that each of the data structure operations are linearizable. We extensively evaluate a sample C/C++ implementation of the algorithm through a number of micro-benchmarks. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm scales well with the number of threads and on an average provides 5 to 7x performance improvement over a concurrent graph implementation using coarse-grained locking.
图算法应用于许多应用,包括社交网络、通信网络、VLSI设计、图形和其他一些应用,需要动态修改——在图中添加和删除顶点和/或边。提出了一种在共享内存机器上实现动态无界有向图的并行无阻塞算法。顶点和边的添加和删除操作是无锁的。对于有限大小的图,查找操作是无等待的。该算法最重要的组成部分是并发图中的可达性查询。我们算法中的可达性查询是无阻碍的,因此比其他操作施加的额外同步成本最小。我们证明了每个数据结构操作都是线性化的。我们通过一些微基准测试广泛地评估了该算法的样例C/ c++实现。实验结果表明,所提出的算法可以很好地随线程数扩展,并且与使用粗粒度锁定的并发图实现相比,平均提供5到7倍的性能提升。
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引用次数: 13
pDCell: an end-to-end transport protocol for mobile edge computing architectures pDCell:用于移动边缘计算架构的端到端传输协议
Claudio Fiandrino, A. D. Oliva, J. Widmer, Kirill Kogan
To deal with increasingly demanding services and the rapid growth in number of devices and traffic, 5G and beyond mobile networks need to provide extreme capacity and peak data rates at very low latencies. Consequently, applications and services need to move closer to the users into so-called edge data centers. At the same time, there is a trend to virtualize core and radio access network functionalities and bring them to edge data centers as well. However, as is known from conventional data centers, legacy transport protocols such as TCP are vastly suboptimal in such a setting. In this work, we present pDCell, a transport design for mobile edge computing architectures that extends data center transport approaches to the mobile network domain. Specifically, pDCell ensures that data traffic from application servers arrives at virtual radio functions (i.e., C-RAN Central Units) timely to (i) minimize queuing delays and (ii) to maximize cellular network utilization. We show that pDCell significantly improves flow completion times compared to conventional transport protocols like TCP and data center transport solutions, and is thus an essential component for future mobile networks.
为了应对日益苛刻的业务需求以及设备数量和流量的快速增长,5G及以后的移动网络需要在极低的延迟下提供极高的容量和峰值数据速率。因此,应用程序和服务需要更靠近用户,进入所谓的边缘数据中心。与此同时,有一种趋势是将核心和无线接入网络功能虚拟化,并将它们带到边缘数据中心。然而,正如我们从传统数据中心了解到的那样,传统的传输协议(如TCP)在这种设置中远远不是最优的。在这项工作中,我们提出了pDCell,一种用于移动边缘计算架构的传输设计,将数据中心传输方法扩展到移动网络领域。具体来说,pDCell确保来自应用服务器的数据流量及时到达虚拟无线电功能(即C-RAN中央单元),以(i)最小化排队延迟和(ii)最大化蜂窝网络利用率。我们表明,与TCP和数据中心传输解决方案等传统传输协议相比,pDCell显著提高了流完成时间,因此是未来移动网络的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
Designing infrastructure-less disaster networks by leveraging the AllJoyn framework
Srikant Manas Kala, V. Sathya, Suhel Sajjan Magdum, Tulja Vamshi Kiran Buyakar, Hatim Lokhandwala, T. B. Reddy
AllJoyn is an open-source framework which has the potential to be the platform for next-generation proximity centric disaster network (DiNet) applications. However, its development is still in nascent stages, and one of the primary challenges is the design of efficient routing algorithms, which can ensure seamless and uninterrupted communication in an unfavorable environment. In this work, we implement a DiNet prototype using AllJoyn to highlight the challenges of multi-hop routing and propose the concept of extended proximity (e-proximity) in AllJoyn. As a first step towards solving this challenge, we carry out field experiments by implementing an AllJoyn file-transfer application on a trivial DiNet prototype. We then evaluate the performance of the AllJoyn based disaster network and demonstrate that AllJoyn can support robust and reliable DiNet applications.
AllJoyn是一个开源框架,有潜力成为下一代以邻近为中心的灾难网络(DiNet)应用程序的平台。然而,它的发展仍处于初级阶段,主要的挑战之一是设计有效的路由算法,以确保在不利的环境下进行无缝和不间断的通信。在这项工作中,我们使用AllJoyn实现了一个DiNet原型,以突出多跳路由的挑战,并提出了AllJoyn中扩展邻近(e-邻近)的概念。作为解决这一挑战的第一步,我们通过在一个普通的DiNet原型上实现AllJoyn文件传输应用程序来进行现场实验。然后,我们评估了基于AllJoyn的灾难网络的性能,并证明AllJoyn可以支持健壮可靠的DiNet应用程序。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
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