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Islamic Religious Identity in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan 当代吉尔吉斯斯坦的伊斯兰宗教认同
Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25504
J. Yusuf, Aikol Boletbekova, J. M. Buaben, H. Shah, Muhammad Ayaz
This paper assesses the state of Islam in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. It examines the challenges Islam faces due to the diversity of ideologies bequeathed by the Soviet Union. Although Islam emerged as a dominant religious belief in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, due to the internal elements of secularism, Tengrism, and other indigenous ideologies, and the interpretation of Islamic lore coupled with the Soviet ideology of atheism, Islam remains syncretic with some loose extremism fuelled by home-grown socio-political factors and imported fundamentalism. It, therefore, concludes that the challenge to Islam and Islamic religious identity in contemporary Kyrgyzstan is a sort of ‘Muslimo-phobia’ rather than ‘Islamo-phobia’ because the challenge to Islam is clearly unleashed by the Muslims themselves and not the minority non-Muslim population.
本文评估了后苏联时期吉尔吉斯斯坦的伊斯兰教状况。它考察了伊斯兰因苏联遗留下来的意识形态多样性而面临的挑战。尽管伊斯兰教在后苏联时期的吉尔吉斯斯坦成为一种主要的宗教信仰,但由于世俗主义、腾格里斯主义和其他本土意识形态的内部因素,以及对伊斯兰传说的解释,再加上苏联的无神论意识形态,伊斯兰教仍然与一些由本土社会政治因素和外来原教旨主义推动的松散极端主义融合在一起。因此,它得出结论,在当代吉尔吉斯斯坦,对伊斯兰教和伊斯兰宗教身份的挑战是一种“穆斯林恐惧症”,而不是“伊斯兰恐惧症”。因为对伊斯兰教的挑战显然是由穆斯林自己而非少数非穆斯林人口释放的。
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引用次数: 0
Lessons from the Protestant Reformation for Today’s Islamic World 新教改革对当今伊斯兰世界的启示
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25503
H. Solomon, R. D. Klerk
The Muslim world is in crisis – politically, socially and economically – and Islam is in need of a reformation. Drawing on insights from the Protestant Reformation, this article argues that two of the major reasons for the success of the Protestant Reformation lay in the fact that dissident voices such as that of Martin Luther were protected and that developments like the printing press increased literacy thereby empowering ordinary people to read the Bible on their own without the Church serving as a mediator in conveying revelation to the masses. This helped to break the monopoly of the Catholic Church. At the same time, the printing press allowed the views of reformers to be disseminated to a wider audience creating widespread sympathies for the reformers given the excesses of the Church. Whilst the Muslim world shares many objective realities of the period leading to Europe’s Reformation, the reality is that reformers are provided with little protection from Muslim political elites and widespread illiteracy prevents reformist ideas from gaining traction to a wider audience.
穆斯林世界在政治、社会和经济上都处于危机之中,伊斯兰教需要改革。借鉴新教改革的见解,这篇文章认为,新教改革成功的两个主要原因在于,像马丁·路德这样的持不同政见者的声音得到了保护,印刷机等发展提高了识字率,从而使普通人能够自己阅读《圣经》,而无需教会充当向大众传达启示的调解人。这有助于打破天主教会的垄断。与此同时,印刷机允许改革者的观点传播给更广泛的受众,鉴于教会的过度行为,他们对改革者产生了广泛的同情。虽然穆斯林世界与欧洲宗教改革时期有许多共同的客观现实,但现实是,改革者几乎得不到穆斯林政治精英的保护,而且普遍的文盲现象阻碍了改革派思想获得更广泛的受众。
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引用次数: 1
Global Salafism Study of Roel Meijer's Views 全球萨拉菲主义研究——罗的观点
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25350
S. Syukri
This study aims to understand Roel Meijer's thoughts regarding Salafism, focusing on terms, doctrines, and their relation to politics and violence. Before 9/11, Salafism had not received significant attention from scholars. However, after this incident, Salafism and Wahhabism became important topics because they were related to political movements and violence in the name of religion. The method used in this study is Library Research with the Factual Historical Model, which examines the substance of the text that contains the thoughts and ideas of the figures as religious works as contained in the thoughts and works of the figures. Based on Roel Meijer's study, global Salafism originates from the inspiration of Wahhabism, founded by Muhammad bin 'Abd Wahab. Wahhabism has a doctrine of returning to the Koran and al-Hadith, purging monotheism from various polytheism, accepting ijtihad, and rejecting taqlid. The term "Salafi" refers to two groups: Salafi da'wah groups that are oriented towards improving individual, family, and community structures through da'wah and education, and Salafi groups that have the same goal but are politically inclined and tend to use violence, which is referred to as Salafi jihadis. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Salafism, its doctrines, and its relation to politics and violence.
本研究旨在了解罗尔·梅耶关于萨拉菲主义的思想,重点关注术语、教义及其与政治和暴力的关系。在9/11之前,萨拉菲主义并没有受到学者的重视。然而,在这次事件之后,萨拉菲主义和瓦哈比主义成为重要的话题,因为它们与宗教名义下的政治运动和暴力有关。本研究使用的方法是图书馆研究与事实历史模型,它检查文本的实质,包含人物的思想和观念作为宗教作品包含在人物的思想和作品。根据Roel Meijer的研究,全球萨拉菲主义起源于穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜创立的瓦哈比主义的灵感。瓦哈比主义的教义是回归古兰经和圣训,从各种多神论中清除一神论,接受伊吉提哈德,拒绝伊斯兰教。“萨拉菲”一词指的是两个群体:以通过“达瓦”和教育来改善个人、家庭和社区结构为目标的萨拉菲达瓦组织,以及以同样的目标为目标,但有政治倾向并倾向于使用暴力的萨拉菲组织,被称为萨拉菲圣战组织。这项研究有助于更深入地了解萨拉菲主义及其教义,以及它与政治和暴力的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Islam and Deviance in Türkiye 伊斯兰教和越轨行为在土耳其
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25502
Ozden Ozbay, Sabuha Bindik
The goal of the present study is to explore the link between Islam and deviance using a sample of 1,596 young adults from a public university in Türkiye by employing multivariate statistical analyses. The core independent variables are importance of Islam and political identity (Islamic, nationalist, social democrat/Ataturkist, apolitic, and other). The dependent variables are life-time deviance (an index), cheating on exams, skipping school, cigarette use, alcohol use, carrying a weapon, beating up/hurting someone seriously, and internet crime. The findings indicate that Islam has inverse impacts on various deviant acts, and its effect is stronger for substance use than non-ascetic/secular deviant acts, independent of the control variables (age, gender, monthly total family income, deviant friends, failed courses, high certainty of punishment, high risk seeking, and high maternal control). In other words, importance of Islam is associated negatively with life-time deviance, cheating on exams, skipping school, cigarette use, alcohol use, carrying a weapon, beating up/hurting someone seriously, and internet crime. Islamic political identity, compared to social democratic/Ataturkist political identity, is negatively associated with life-time deviance, cheating on exams, cigarette use, alcohol use, and internet crime. In sum, religion is negatively related with deviant acts. 
本研究旨在探讨伊斯兰教与越轨行为之间的联系,采用多元统计分析方法,选取了来自土耳其一所公立大学的1596名年轻人作为样本。核心自变量是伊斯兰教和政治认同的重要性(伊斯兰教、民族主义、社会民主主义者/阿塔图尔基主义者、非政治主义者等)。因变量包括终身偏差(一个指数)、考试作弊、逃学、吸烟、饮酒、携带武器、殴打/严重伤害他人以及网络犯罪。研究结果表明,伊斯兰教对不同越轨行为的影响呈负相关,且在不同的控制变量(年龄、性别、家庭月总收入、越轨朋友、失败课程、惩罚确定性高、风险寻求高、母性控制高)下,对物质使用的影响强于非禁欲/世俗越轨行为。换句话说,伊斯兰的重要性与生活偏差、考试作弊、逃学、吸烟、饮酒、携带武器、殴打/伤害他人以及网络犯罪呈负相关。与社会民主主义/阿塔图尔基主义的政治认同相比,伊斯兰政治认同与生活偏差、考试作弊、吸烟、饮酒和网络犯罪呈负相关。总之,宗教与越轨行为呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Elijah Muhammad to Spread Islām in Modern America : an Analysis of his Efforts and Approaches 伊利亚·穆罕默德在现代美国传播伊斯兰教中的作用——对其努力和方法的分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25501
Muhammad Aliyu Gambari, Muhammad Kannike Hassan
Based on the available materials and literature, Islām got to America as far back as 1530 when the early African Muslim slaves were taken to the land of America. Elijah Muhammad was one of the Muslim who works and struggled hard on how Islam would be spread and progress in America.  Later on, the Muslim Emigrants from various parts of the World also entered America around 19th Century. Hence, it's increasing the population and strengthening the growth of the religion of Islām in the area. The West particularly America known for her secularism, capitalism and extreme individualism with a political ideology not based on the recognition of the creator talk less of monotheism. From all indication, Islām continues to grow from strength to strength despite all odds in its way. Its therefore in the light of the above, the methodology adopted for this paper was historic and descriptive method in order to describe the nature of Islām in America and its practices among the black America and the emigrants during the early days of Islām. The paper concluded that Elijah Muhammad was a great revivalist, preacher and scholars in the spread of Islam in America.  Islām equally penetrated in one way and the other into the nook and cranny of America through the peaceful preaching among the Muslim slaves and the people of America.
根据现有的材料和文献,Islām早在1530年就来到了美国,当时早期的非洲穆斯林奴隶被带到了美国。伊利亚·穆罕默德是为伊斯兰教如何在美国传播和进步而努力工作和斗争的穆斯林之一。后来,来自世界各地的穆斯林移民也在19世纪左右进入美国。因此,它增加了人口,加强了该地区伊斯兰教的发展。西方,尤其是以世俗主义、资本主义和极端个人主义而闻名的美国,其政治意识形态并非基于对创造者的认可,很少谈论一神教。从所有迹象来看,尽管存在种种困难,但伊斯兰国仍在不断壮大。因此,鉴于上述情况,本文采用的方法是历史性的和描述性的,目的是描述伊斯兰国在美国的性质及其在伊斯兰国早期在美国黑人和移民中的做法。文章认为,伊利亚·穆罕默德是伊斯兰教在美国传播的伟大复兴主义者、传教士和学者。通过穆斯林奴隶和美国人民之间的和平传教,伊斯兰教同样以一种方式和另一种方式渗透到了美国的角落。
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引用次数: 0
Portraying Islam and the West : in Tzvetan Todorov’s The Fear of Barbarians: Beyond the Clash of Civilizations 托多罗夫的《野蛮人的恐惧:超越文明冲突》
Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i2.25527
Tijani Boulaouali
This review deals with the relationship between Islam and the West from the point of view of the Bulgarian-French philosopher Tzvetan Todorov, especially in his book the Fear of Barbarians. Some issues have been discussed. Firstly, the term barbarism or savagery is defined and compared with the concept civilization. Secondly, attention is paid to Todorov's historical criticism of a number of Western concepts and postulates that they are circulating in politics and the media. Finally, some negative stereotypes about Islam and Muslims, that Todorov has criticised and corrected, have been highlighted in this article.
这篇综述从保加利亚-法国哲学家托多罗夫的角度,特别是在他的《野蛮人的恐惧》一书中,探讨了伊斯兰教与西方的关系。已经讨论了一些问题。首先,定义了野蛮或野蛮一词,并将其与文明概念进行了比较。其次,注意到托多罗夫对一些西方概念和假设的历史批评,这些概念和假设在政治和媒体中流传。最后,托多罗夫批评并纠正了一些关于伊斯兰教和穆斯林的负面刻板印象,这些刻板印象在本文中得到了强调。
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引用次数: 0
Educational Method in the Quran: Analysis Of Islamic Education Science Surah An-Nahl Verse 125 《古兰经》中的教育方法:伊斯兰教教育科学分析(古兰经125节
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i1.19752
Muhammad Syauqi Mubarok, Reski Ramadhani, Marissa Disthy Putri
This research is entitled "Educational Method in the Quran Surah An-Nahl Verse 125 (the Analysis of Islamic Education Science)". This study aims to figure out the educational method contained in the Quran Surah An-Nahl verse 125. The method used was the descriptive-qualitative analysis method. The data were collected through library research from various sources, i.e. commentary books, educational science books, papers, and educational, scientific journals. The study revealed that the concept of educational methods contained in the Quran Surah An-Nahl verse 125 is the Hikmah, mau'izhah, and Jadil methods. The implications of these three methods in teaching and learning activities in schools are, first, the hikmah method can be synchronized with the lecture method. Second, the mau'izhah method can be applied in guidance and counselling sessions as a curative or repressive measure when a normative or procedural violation occurs and as a preventive measure where educators can use the mau'izhah session in the form of messages or appeals at the end of each learning session. Third, the Jadil method can be used to improve existing discussion methods.
这项研究的题目是“《古兰经》第125节中的教育方法(伊斯兰教教育科学分析)”。本研究旨在找出《古兰经》第125节所包含的教育方法。方法采用描述-定性分析法。这些数据是通过图书馆研究从各种来源收集的,如评论书、教育科学书籍、论文和教育科学期刊。研究表明,《古兰经》第125节中包含的教育方法概念是Hikmah、mau’izhah和Jadil方法。这三种方法在学校教与学活动中的意义是:第一,希玛法可以与讲课法同步。第二,在指导和咨询会议中,当发生违反规范或程序的情况时,可以将mau'izhah方法作为一种治疗或压制措施,也可以作为一种预防措施,教育工作者可以在每次学习会议结束时以信息或呼吁的形式使用mau'izhah会议。第三,Jadil方法可以用来改进现有的讨论方法。
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引用次数: 0
Ẓafarnamah: A Glimpse into the Text and its Historical and Intellectual Context Ẓ阿法纳玛:文本及其历史与知识语境一瞥
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i1.21293
L. Chamankhah
Ẓafarnāmah (Book of Victory), written by the tenth Sikh leader, Guru Gobind Singh (d. 1708), in 1705, about the Mughal emperor of India, Aurangzeb (d. 1706). It is widely considered evidence of a religious leader's spiritual victory over a tyrant who not only broke his Koranic oath (and, consequently, fell from his status as a good believer). The book, originally in Persian poetry, is composed of one hundred and eight bayts (verses), and the first twelve verses praise God and His power. Due to its bold divine connotations, Ẓafarnāmah is widely regarded as a spiritual text. However, as I will argue in the following, Ẓafarnāmah should not be treated as just a spiritual text but as one of ‘the mirrors for princes’ that has a well-established tradition in the history of Persian literature and political ethics tradition as well.
Ẓafarnāmah(《胜利之书》),第十任锡克教领袖古鲁·戈宾德·辛格(公元1708年)于1705年写的,关于印度莫卧儿皇帝奥朗则布(公元1706年)。这被广泛认为是宗教领袖在精神上战胜暴君的证据,暴君不仅违背了《古兰经》的誓言(因此,他失去了虔诚信徒的地位)。这本书最初是用波斯诗歌写成的,由一百零八首诗组成,前十二首诗赞美上帝和他的力量。由于其大胆的神圣内涵,Ẓ《阿法纳玛》被广泛认为是一部精神文本。然而,正如我将在下文中指出的,Ẓ《阿法纳玛》不应仅仅被视为一部精神文本,而应被视为“王子的镜子”之一,在波斯文学史和政治伦理传统上都有着悠久的传统。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Banking Customer Engagement and Awareness: Exploring an African Context 伊斯兰银行客户参与和意识:探索非洲背景
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i1.23604
Riyad Moosa
The Islamic banking industry is a niche market within the South African banking industry. Information is needed on the profile of customers and their level of awareness concerning activities at Islamic banks. Thus, the objectives of this study are to identify the banking engagements and level of CSR awareness among customers of Islamic banks in South Africa. The study used non-probability sampling to collect data via a questionnaire from 163 respondents throughout South Africa, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that respondents sought out Islamic banking for themselves; they also had a long-standing relationship with the Islamic bank and mainly used saving, current, and investment accounts. The findings also showed that respondents needed to be made aware of the CSR activities undertaken by the Islamic banks, and they could have engaged in CSR activities more regularly. Thus, those in management at Islamic banks are encouraged to engage in proactively making their Sharia-compliant offerings and CSR activities visible.
伊斯兰银行业是南非银行业中的一个利基市场。需要提供有关客户概况及其对伊斯兰银行活动的认识程度的信息。因此,本研究的目的是确定南非伊斯兰银行客户的银行业务和企业社会责任意识水平。该研究使用非概率抽样,通过问卷从南非各地的163名受访者中收集数据,并使用描述性统计数据进行分析。结果表明,受访者为自己寻找伊斯兰银行;他们还与伊斯兰银行有着长期的关系,主要使用储蓄、活期和投资账户。调查结果还表明,受访者需要了解伊斯兰银行开展的企业社会责任活动,他们本可以更经常地参与企业社会责任的活动。因此,鼓励伊斯兰银行的管理层积极主动地宣传其符合伊斯兰教法的产品和CSR活动。
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引用次数: 1
Does Sharia Support Cloning: A Qualitative Analysis 伊斯兰教法是否支持克隆:定性分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.15575/ijik.v13i1.23676
Sabbir Hasan
Recent developments in genetics and biotechnology have ushered in a new era of health advancement. Islam is the name of a faith that inspires its followers to innovate within the limits of Islamic law in the pursuit of knowledge and to improve the quality of life. Modern biotechnology, especially animal cloning, has helped advance human civilisation's social, economic, and health aspects. Therapeutic Cloning has opened up enormous possibilities in medical practice. But cloning technology is also believed to have the potential for reproductive Cloning, which raises ethical issues. Islamic countries need to reach a consensus on this important issue. The need for a Sharia perspective to improve science and technology is evident in the context of greater health development. Muslim scholars need to immediately take a logical and much-needed step towards stem cell research and Cloning that considers the scientific benefits and ethical, legal, and Sharia implications. The present study aims to evaluate the different views of Muslim jurists on therapeutic and reproductive Cloning by clarifying the Shariah position on this controversial issue.
遗传学和生物技术的最新发展开创了健康进步的新时代。伊斯兰教是一种信仰的名称,它激励其信徒在伊斯兰法律的限制下进行创新,以追求知识和提高生活质量。现代生物技术,特别是动物克隆技术,促进了人类文明在社会、经济和健康方面的进步。治疗性克隆在医疗实践中开辟了巨大的可能性。但克隆技术也被认为具有生殖克隆的潜力,这引发了伦理问题。伊斯兰国家需要在这个重要问题上达成共识。在促进卫生发展的背景下,显然需要从伊斯兰教法的角度来改进科学和技术。穆斯林学者需要立即对干细胞研究和克隆采取合乎逻辑且急需的步骤,考虑到科学利益以及伦理、法律和伊斯兰教法的影响。本研究旨在通过澄清伊斯兰教法在这一有争议的问题上的立场,评估穆斯林法学家对治疗性和生殖性克隆的不同看法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Islamic Khazanah
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