Municipalities, in general, experience difficulties in own revenue generation. However, this problem is most severe among rural district councils as they tend to have relatively smaller revenue bases, a culture of non-payment on the part of ratepayers, poor service delivery, inefficient billing systems, poor planning and poor debtor’s management. As a result, rural district councils in Zimbabwe including the Chivi Rural District Council (CRDC) are facing self-sustainability concerns due to financial difficulties. There is overwhelming evidence in research to support the notion that properly planned billing systems have a positive impact on revenue generation among municipalities. On the other hand, poorly planned billing systemswill lead to financial difficulties. A case study approach is designed. Secondary data wasgathered in addition to primary data was collected through questionnaires withCRDC employees and ratepayers. Secondary data was collected through existing CRDC and government reports and documents, and the relevant Acts of Parliament. This found that customers had neutral perceptions of the service quality subconstructs of assurance, reliability, empathy and tangiblesat the CRDC. Further, customers had merely high neutrality almost negative perception of the service quality construct of responsiveness. A statistically significant neutral relationship was found between assurance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles with overall customer satisfaction. The reliability had the highest influence on customer satisfaction, followed by tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance, respectively. In practical perspective, the study recommends better ways of revenue collection to the municipality. Further the study adds to the debate in literature in Pecking Order Theory.
{"title":"Improving Municipal Billing System and Revenue Generating Strategy : Chivi Rural District Council Case Study","authors":"Bright MUPEDZI, Magret OLAREWAJU, Masibulele PHESA","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.744","url":null,"abstract":"Municipalities, in general, experience difficulties in own revenue generation. However, this problem is most severe among rural district councils as they tend to have relatively smaller revenue bases, a culture of non-payment on the part of ratepayers, poor service delivery, inefficient billing systems, poor planning and poor debtor’s management. As a result, rural district councils in Zimbabwe including the Chivi Rural District Council (CRDC) are facing self-sustainability concerns due to financial difficulties. There is overwhelming evidence in research to support the notion that properly planned billing systems have a positive impact on revenue generation among municipalities. On the other hand, poorly planned billing systemswill lead to financial difficulties. A case study approach is designed. Secondary data wasgathered in addition to primary data was collected through questionnaires withCRDC employees and ratepayers. Secondary data was collected through existing CRDC and government reports and documents, and the relevant Acts of Parliament. This found that customers had neutral perceptions of the service quality subconstructs of assurance, reliability, empathy and tangiblesat the CRDC. Further, customers had merely high neutrality almost negative perception of the service quality construct of responsiveness. A statistically significant neutral relationship was found between assurance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles with overall customer satisfaction. The reliability had the highest influence on customer satisfaction, followed by tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance, respectively. In practical perspective, the study recommends better ways of revenue collection to the municipality. Further the study adds to the debate in literature in Pecking Order Theory.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.587
Siyasanga MBELE, Betty C MUBANGIZI
Water is a crucial issue for sustainable livelihoods, and a lack of it impacts human life. Catchment areas play an essential role in water provisioning, and their management is fundamental for sustained water availability. The UN-endorsed Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach best expresses catchment management ideals that resonate with South Africa's constitutional ideals of efficient and equitable distribution of resources. South Africa has a history of inequality that led to severe neglect of rural areas in many facets, including the water sector. Despite the country's reformed laws and policies, sustainable water provision and access remain challenging, particularly in rural-based municipalities where land degradation and a weak revenue base interact to reduce access to water for most communities. This paper reports on a study that sought to understand participatory processes for catchment management in the upper Umzimvubu catchment within Matatiele Local Municipality in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. This study used a qualitative approach to data collection and document analysis. The findings show that participatory water governance strategies exist and tend to coalesce around non-governmental structures. The findings also show that there is room for improving water governance in rural communities, including the need to finalize the establishment of Catchments Management Areas (CMAs) in all nine existing Water Management Areas (WMAs) while incorporating strong community involvement and strengthening the capacity of rural municipalities.
{"title":"Rural Communities and Water Governance: Understanding Participatory Processes for Catchment Management in the Upper Umzimvubu Catchment","authors":"Siyasanga MBELE, Betty C MUBANGIZI","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.587","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a crucial issue for sustainable livelihoods, and a lack of it impacts human life. Catchment areas play an essential role in water provisioning, and their management is fundamental for sustained water availability. The UN-endorsed Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach best expresses catchment management ideals that resonate with South Africa's constitutional ideals of efficient and equitable distribution of resources. South Africa has a history of inequality that led to severe neglect of rural areas in many facets, including the water sector. Despite the country's reformed laws and policies, sustainable water provision and access remain challenging, particularly in rural-based municipalities where land degradation and a weak revenue base interact to reduce access to water for most communities. This paper reports on a study that sought to understand participatory processes for catchment management in the upper Umzimvubu catchment within Matatiele Local Municipality in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. This study used a qualitative approach to data collection and document analysis. The findings show that participatory water governance strategies exist and tend to coalesce around non-governmental structures. The findings also show that there is room for improving water governance in rural communities, including the need to finalize the establishment of Catchments Management Areas (CMAs) in all nine existing Water Management Areas (WMAs) while incorporating strong community involvement and strengthening the capacity of rural municipalities.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.854
Sujiman SUJIMAN
This research aims to determine the concentration of ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, determine the trend in ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, and determine the Air Quality Value index for Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The data collection method was using the 18-SPEKTRO-33/MU/SMM-AAS (Passive Sampler Spectrophotometry) method, then analyzed using environmental quality standards, government regulation number 22 of 2021. The research results show that the quality concentration of NO2 gas in Jam Bentong is between (5.23-19.85) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (3.75-38.55) µg/m3, in the Industrial Area NO2 is between (5.54-10.20) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (4.28 -10.41) µg/m3, while in residential locations NO2 is between (2.49-7.98) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (<2.57-10.60) µg/m3. The tendency for ambient air quality NO2 and SO2 at the Jam Bentong location to fluctuate is inconsistent, while the Industrial Location is almost the same as the Residential Location, namely with uniform quality, but all quality concentrations are still below environmental quality standards. The Environmental Quality Index value at the Jam Bentong location is 79,618, this value is included in good environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in industrial locations it is 90,043, this value is included in superior environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in residential locations, the Environmental Quality Index value is 93,429, this value also falls into superior environmental conditions.
{"title":"Trends in Ambient Air Quality (NO2 and SO2) in Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara District. East Kalimantan","authors":"Sujiman SUJIMAN","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.854","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the concentration of ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, determine the trend in ambient air quality NO2 and SO2, and determine the Air Quality Value index for Tenggarong City, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The data collection method was using the 18-SPEKTRO-33/MU/SMM-AAS (Passive Sampler Spectrophotometry) method, then analyzed using environmental quality standards, government regulation number 22 of 2021. The research results show that the quality concentration of NO2 gas in Jam Bentong is between (5.23-19.85) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (3.75-38.55) µg/m3, in the Industrial Area NO2 is between (5.54-10.20) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (4.28 -10.41) µg/m3, while in residential locations NO2 is between (2.49-7.98) µg/m3 and SO2 is between (<2.57-10.60) µg/m3. The tendency for ambient air quality NO2 and SO2 at the Jam Bentong location to fluctuate is inconsistent, while the Industrial Location is almost the same as the Residential Location, namely with uniform quality, but all quality concentrations are still below environmental quality standards. The Environmental Quality Index value at the Jam Bentong location is 79,618, this value is included in good environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in industrial locations it is 90,043, this value is included in superior environmental conditions. Meanwhile, in residential locations, the Environmental Quality Index value is 93,429, this value also falls into superior environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.782
Rita KHIBA, Daphne Ntlhe
Urban planning impacts freedom of religion through planning regulations applied by local municipalities in establishing places of worship in urban areas. However, incorporating religion in urban planning in most countries has remained insignificant, regardless of the new challenges of increasing religious diversity in most cities. This paper examines the role of urban planning policies in Namibia in establishing places of worship in Windhoek and its impact on freedom of religion in the City. Data was collected by reviewing and exploring journal papers, government documents, books, and newspaper articles. Neoliberal theory was employed to guide the study. The research established that the City of Windhoek, through planning policies, has a direct impact on places of worship, and to facilitate a sustainable process, the City put a moratorium on establishing new houses of worship to reduce the number of people intending to create such facilities. Applications for even places of worship by religious bodies, including churches, are treated the same as other applications for related institutions, even though the churches and other religious facilities have different ways of worshipping. In Namibia, the government and municipal urban planning departments benefit all religious organizations equitably. The study's findings contribute to the scientific discussions on places of worship and town planning policies in developing countries. The findings will benefit all stakeholders involved in developing places of worship, such as policymakers, academics, and researchers. The study is limited to Windhoek, and further studies should incorporate both urban and rural areas.
{"title":"The Impact of Urban Planning on Places of Worship in Windhoek Namibia","authors":"Rita KHIBA, Daphne Ntlhe","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.782","url":null,"abstract":"Urban planning impacts freedom of religion through planning regulations applied by local municipalities in establishing places of worship in urban areas. However, incorporating religion in urban planning in most countries has remained insignificant, regardless of the new challenges of increasing religious diversity in most cities. This paper examines the role of urban planning policies in Namibia in establishing places of worship in Windhoek and its impact on freedom of religion in the City. Data was collected by reviewing and exploring journal papers, government documents, books, and newspaper articles. Neoliberal theory was employed to guide the study. The research established that the City of Windhoek, through planning policies, has a direct impact on places of worship, and to facilitate a sustainable process, the City put a moratorium on establishing new houses of worship to reduce the number of people intending to create such facilities. Applications for even places of worship by religious bodies, including churches, are treated the same as other applications for related institutions, even though the churches and other religious facilities have different ways of worshipping. In Namibia, the government and municipal urban planning departments benefit all religious organizations equitably. The study's findings contribute to the scientific discussions on places of worship and town planning policies in developing countries. The findings will benefit all stakeholders involved in developing places of worship, such as policymakers, academics, and researchers. The study is limited to Windhoek, and further studies should incorporate both urban and rural areas.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Political discourse preceeding the 2024 General Election has led to the contamination of the media landscape with hoaxes and fakenews. The public, candidates, and state actors not only compete with factual information and positive news, but also contends with the spread of misinformation and fake news. The prevalence of hoaxes on social media and fake news in mass media circulation prior to the 2024 General Election poses a tangible threat to social unity and national integration. This paper aims to analyze the model of public communication used to combat hoaxes and fakenews before the 2024 General Election done by the Ministry of Communication and Information and other stakeholders. The data for this paper is based on qualitative research carried out with data collection technique through literature searches, observation, and interview. The study discovered that the public communication model developed to combat hoaxes and fake news in advance of the 2024 General election has been ineffective. The fundamental weakness of the public communication model in eradicating hoaxes and fake news lies in the uneven application of the law inforcement and penalties. In addition, there are some elements of the public communication model that do not systematically show significant and consistent progress. At a macro level, this can be understood as the lack of clear roadmap and grand design to eliminate hoaxes and fake news in Indonesia. A clear plan or atrategy is needed for the long term establishment of a culture focused on the eradication of hoaxes and fake news.
{"title":"Public Communication Model In Combating Hoaxes And Fake News In Ahead Of The 2024 General Election","authors":"Dudi ISKANDAR, Indah SURYAWATI, Geri SURATNO, Liliyana LILIYANA, Muhtadi MUHTADI, Ngimadudin NGIMADUDIN","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.856","url":null,"abstract":"Political discourse preceeding the 2024 General Election has led to the contamination of the media landscape with hoaxes and fakenews. The public, candidates, and state actors not only compete with factual information and positive news, but also contends with the spread of misinformation and fake news. The prevalence of hoaxes on social media and fake news in mass media circulation prior to the 2024 General Election poses a tangible threat to social unity and national integration. This paper aims to analyze the model of public communication used to combat hoaxes and fakenews before the 2024 General Election done by the Ministry of Communication and Information and other stakeholders. The data for this paper is based on qualitative research carried out with data collection technique through literature searches, observation, and interview. The study discovered that the public communication model developed to combat hoaxes and fake news in advance of the 2024 General election has been ineffective. The fundamental weakness of the public communication model in eradicating hoaxes and fake news lies in the uneven application of the law inforcement and penalties. In addition, there are some elements of the public communication model that do not systematically show significant and consistent progress. At a macro level, this can be understood as the lack of clear roadmap and grand design to eliminate hoaxes and fake news in Indonesia. A clear plan or atrategy is needed for the long term establishment of a culture focused on the eradication of hoaxes and fake news.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.843
Daniel SUSILO, Carl C.G. DIZON
In the wake of COVID-19, the rise of remote work has led to a significant increase in private vehicle ownership among Filipinos. This trend poses a significant challenge for sustainability and environmental preservation. This study examines how Gcash Philippines, through its Instagram account @Gcashofficial, is addressing this issue by promoting sustainable practices and actions. This research utilizes content analysis to examine posts on @Gcashofficial over a one-year period (2023-2024). The analysis focuses on messages related to sustainability development - including preservation, communication, and action - and how these messages relate to the problem of increased private vehicle ownership. The study reveals that @Gcashofficial is actively promoting sustainable practices as a response to growing environmental concerns linked with increased private vehicle use. Notably, it was found that owning a private vehicle is often portrayed as a significant contributor to future air pollution issues. These findings have critical implications for both policy-makers and businesses alike. For policy-makers, understanding how digital platforms can be used effectively for sustainability
{"title":"Green and Sustainability Issues on Digital Marketing Communication on Gcash Philippines","authors":"Daniel SUSILO, Carl C.G. DIZON","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.843","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of COVID-19, the rise of remote work has led to a significant increase in private vehicle ownership among Filipinos. This trend poses a significant challenge for sustainability and environmental preservation. This study examines how Gcash Philippines, through its Instagram account @Gcashofficial, is addressing this issue by promoting sustainable practices and actions. This research utilizes content analysis to examine posts on @Gcashofficial over a one-year period (2023-2024). The analysis focuses on messages related to sustainability development - including preservation, communication, and action - and how these messages relate to the problem of increased private vehicle ownership. The study reveals that @Gcashofficial is actively promoting sustainable practices as a response to growing environmental concerns linked with increased private vehicle use. Notably, it was found that owning a private vehicle is often portrayed as a significant contributor to future air pollution issues. These findings have critical implications for both policy-makers and businesses alike. For policy-makers, understanding how digital platforms can be used effectively for sustainability","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digitalization makes adaptation a new demand that MSMEs, particularly in the microbusiness sector, must comply with. Unfortunately, this sector has a lower rate of adopting digital content for promotion purposes. Since the advent of social media, storytelling has become one of the most popular types of digital marketing material, and It also has the added benefit of preventing advertising from being rejected. This research is quantitative, using a survey of microbusiness owners in West Java, Indonesia. The results of the hypothesis test show that compatibility and social influence are the two most important predictors of adoption rates, with compatibility showing the highest adoption rate for the acceptance of all indicators of storytelling as digital material except mythology. West Java is one of the areas with aspects of mythology and cultural stories mixed with stories and tales; yet, culture is viewed as an ambiguous notion when connected to consumer behavior intellectually, practically, and legally.
{"title":"Innovation Level of Adopting Storytelling for Msme’s Business Sustainability in Marketing Activity","authors":"Indra Novianto Adibayu PAMUNGKAS, Sunarto SUNARTO, Ridzki Rinanto SIGIT","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.860","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization makes adaptation a new demand that MSMEs, particularly in the microbusiness sector, must comply with. Unfortunately, this sector has a lower rate of adopting digital content for promotion purposes. Since the advent of social media, storytelling has become one of the most popular types of digital marketing material, and It also has the added benefit of preventing advertising from being rejected. This research is quantitative, using a survey of microbusiness owners in West Java, Indonesia. The results of the hypothesis test show that compatibility and social influence are the two most important predictors of adoption rates, with compatibility showing the highest adoption rate for the acceptance of all indicators of storytelling as digital material except mythology. West Java is one of the areas with aspects of mythology and cultural stories mixed with stories and tales; yet, culture is viewed as an ambiguous notion when connected to consumer behavior intellectually, practically, and legally.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.805
Ambia B. BOESTAM, Hafied CANGARA, Marlinda IRWANTI, Azizah Des DERIVANTI
Differences in perspective, scientific background, and understanding of a researcher often become a paradigm that will affect the methods used in compiling design research, which leads to how to formulate problems, determine data collection techniques, analyze data, and so on. This article discusses how the grounded theory method is applied in political communication research, surveys, and public opinion with a qualitative research approach. Qualitative research using the grounded theory method starts from the data to reach a theory. It does not start from a theory or test a theory, so in grounded theory research, it is necessary to have various procedures or steps that are systematic and well-planned. Researchers observe, collect, and organize data and form theories from the data simultaneously. One of the essential techniques in grounded theory research is the constant comparison process in which each piece of data is compared with all other data one by one. The grounded theory method is applied in political communication research, surveys, and public opinion with a qualitative research approach, starting from the data to reach a theory and not starting from a theory or testing a theory. One of the essential techniques in grounded theory research is the constant comparison process. fixed) where each data is compared with all other data one by one.
{"title":"Qualitative Design in Political Communication Research, Surveys and Public Opinion","authors":"Ambia B. BOESTAM, Hafied CANGARA, Marlinda IRWANTI, Azizah Des DERIVANTI","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.805","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in perspective, scientific background, and understanding of a researcher often become a paradigm that will affect the methods used in compiling design research, which leads to how to formulate problems, determine data collection techniques, analyze data, and so on. This article discusses how the grounded theory method is applied in political communication research, surveys, and public opinion with a qualitative research approach. Qualitative research using the grounded theory method starts from the data to reach a theory. It does not start from a theory or test a theory, so in grounded theory research, it is necessary to have various procedures or steps that are systematic and well-planned. Researchers observe, collect, and organize data and form theories from the data simultaneously. One of the essential techniques in grounded theory research is the constant comparison process in which each piece of data is compared with all other data one by one. The grounded theory method is applied in political communication research, surveys, and public opinion with a qualitative research approach, starting from the data to reach a theory and not starting from a theory or testing a theory. One of the essential techniques in grounded theory research is the constant comparison process. fixed) where each data is compared with all other data one by one.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.768
Zwelihle Wiseman NZUZA, Thabiso Sthembiso MSOMI
Despite the known strengths of the reinsurance companies to generate immense profits, evidence from existing literature indicates that the future of the reinsurance companies needs to be more robust to economic deficiencies leading to underperformance. There are many possible factors behind this. However, this study aimed to determine the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the profitability of African reinsurance companies with a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model. The study used 121 listed reinsurance companies from 48 African countries using secondary data from year 2008 to 2019. A 1452 observation panel data set was analyzed using conventional least squares and two-step System GMM estimators. The study revealed that GDP, interest rate, and the exchange rate positively impact profitability. In contrast, the inflation rate and money supply revealed a negative and negligible impact on profitability. The input of this research resides in providing new evidence on the macroeconomic factors influencing the profitability of listed reinsurance companies in Africa.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Macroeconomic Factors and Profitability of Reinsurance Companies in Africa: An Application of System GMM-Model","authors":"Zwelihle Wiseman NZUZA, Thabiso Sthembiso MSOMI","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.768","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the known strengths of the reinsurance companies to generate immense profits, evidence from existing literature indicates that the future of the reinsurance companies needs to be more robust to economic deficiencies leading to underperformance. There are many possible factors behind this. However, this study aimed to determine the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the profitability of African reinsurance companies with a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model. The study used 121 listed reinsurance companies from 48 African countries using secondary data from year 2008 to 2019. A 1452 observation panel data set was analyzed using conventional least squares and two-step System GMM estimators. The study revealed that GDP, interest rate, and the exchange rate positively impact profitability. In contrast, the inflation rate and money supply revealed a negative and negligible impact on profitability. The input of this research resides in providing new evidence on the macroeconomic factors influencing the profitability of listed reinsurance companies in Africa.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.760
Waluyo HANDOKO
This study aims to describe the issues and problems of community participation related to the empowerment program entitled PKPT (Development of Strong Coastal Area) in the coastal areas. This study also discusses the importance of creating a participatory development model. This study is essential because PKPT implementation is specific, combining the top-down participation mechanism from the central government with the bottom-up mechanism, namely the northern coastal communities in South Java. The combination of the two mechanisms illustrates the complexity of issues and problems that are not simple because they involve the interests of the central government and the interests of ordinary citizens in coastal areas. Moreover, the focus of this study has yet to be widely studied by previous studies. This study uses a qualitative method applying an action research approach. The informants of the research are organizers of the coastal community, heads of village and village officials, and personnel of the Marine and Fisheries Service of Kebumen Regency in South Java. The result shows that implementing the PKPT program in coastal areas of Java, especially in Kebumen, uses both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms resulting in low participation of the community in the implementation of PKPT substantively. Thus, implicating the lack of sustainability in the empowerment program. This study presents a participatory development model that is expected to be a reference in organizing a sustainable empowerment program for the coastal areas in the future.
{"title":"Looking at the Local Participation of Coastal Communities in South Java, Indonesia","authors":"Waluyo HANDOKO","doi":"10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.760","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to describe the issues and problems of community participation related to the empowerment program entitled PKPT (Development of Strong Coastal Area) in the coastal areas. This study also discusses the importance of creating a participatory development model. This study is essential because PKPT implementation is specific, combining the top-down participation mechanism from the central government with the bottom-up mechanism, namely the northern coastal communities in South Java. The combination of the two mechanisms illustrates the complexity of issues and problems that are not simple because they involve the interests of the central government and the interests of ordinary citizens in coastal areas. Moreover, the focus of this study has yet to be widely studied by previous studies. This study uses a qualitative method applying an action research approach. The informants of the research are organizers of the coastal community, heads of village and village officials, and personnel of the Marine and Fisheries Service of Kebumen Regency in South Java. The result shows that implementing the PKPT program in coastal areas of Java, especially in Kebumen, uses both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms resulting in low participation of the community in the implementation of PKPT substantively. Thus, implicating the lack of sustainability in the empowerment program. This study presents a participatory development model that is expected to be a reference in organizing a sustainable empowerment program for the coastal areas in the future.","PeriodicalId":34642,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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