Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595212
J. Das, R. Osman
The grounding of AC and DC drive systems should detect and clear ground faults both on the source and load side of the converters. Most drive systems are separately derived through a stepdown transformer, which serves as a drive isolation as well as rectifier transformer. Isolation transformers on individual or group drive systems, downstream of main substation transformers are also common. An output isolation transformer on an AC drive will isolate the drive electronics, step up the AC voltage from the inverter section and also serve to control high line-to-ground voltages on the motor windings. The grounding system has a profound effect upon the continuity of operations, loading of the solid state devices and common mode voltages. The paper discusses the various possibilities of grounding of low voltage and medium voltage drive systems and shows that a high resistance grounding system can be often implemented to permit continuity of operations, allow fault detection and limit the transient overvoltages.
{"title":"Grounding of AC and DC low voltage and medium voltage drive systems","authors":"J. Das, R. Osman","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595212","url":null,"abstract":"The grounding of AC and DC drive systems should detect and clear ground faults both on the source and load side of the converters. Most drive systems are separately derived through a stepdown transformer, which serves as a drive isolation as well as rectifier transformer. Isolation transformers on individual or group drive systems, downstream of main substation transformers are also common. An output isolation transformer on an AC drive will isolate the drive electronics, step up the AC voltage from the inverter section and also serve to control high line-to-ground voltages on the motor windings. The grounding system has a profound effect upon the continuity of operations, loading of the solid state devices and common mode voltages. The paper discusses the various possibilities of grounding of low voltage and medium voltage drive systems and shows that a high resistance grounding system can be often implemented to permit continuity of operations, allow fault detection and limit the transient overvoltages.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595222
R. Silvers
The Federal regulation on Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals became effective in 1992. The objective of the regulation was to prevent the accidental release of any of the highly hazardous chemicals listed in the appendix of the regulation and to minimize the consequences of any such release. The regulation came about as the result of a marked increase in process incidents which occurred in manufacturing facilities in the United States and abroad that resulted in lives being lost and large economic expenses. The standard lists approximately 140 specific toxic or flammable chemicals and a broad category range of flammable hydrocarbons and their threshold amounts. Any facility that uses or stores the listed chemicals in excess of the threshold quantity, and there is a possibility of releasing the threshold amount, is required to comply with the requirements of the standard. Process safety differs from worker safety in that the main focus is on the process equipment and conditions that could result in a failure and release of some highly hazardous chemical. The Process Safety regulation is a management system that requires extensive documentation of the process design, maintenance practices, training, system changes, operational procedures, etc., all of which must be continually updated and communicated to all who would be affected. The elements of the safety management system that was developed consists of fourteen parts which are discussed by the author.
{"title":"Process safety management in the real world","authors":"R. Silvers","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595222","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal regulation on Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals became effective in 1992. The objective of the regulation was to prevent the accidental release of any of the highly hazardous chemicals listed in the appendix of the regulation and to minimize the consequences of any such release. The regulation came about as the result of a marked increase in process incidents which occurred in manufacturing facilities in the United States and abroad that resulted in lives being lost and large economic expenses. The standard lists approximately 140 specific toxic or flammable chemicals and a broad category range of flammable hydrocarbons and their threshold amounts. Any facility that uses or stores the listed chemicals in excess of the threshold quantity, and there is a possibility of releasing the threshold amount, is required to comply with the requirements of the standard. Process safety differs from worker safety in that the main focus is on the process equipment and conditions that could result in a failure and release of some highly hazardous chemical. The Process Safety regulation is a management system that requires extensive documentation of the process design, maintenance practices, training, system changes, operational procedures, etc., all of which must be continually updated and communicated to all who would be affected. The elements of the safety management system that was developed consists of fourteen parts which are discussed by the author.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126485575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595228
R. H. Simpson
The proper choice of instrumentation, measurement techniques and analytical tools is vital to the successful implementation of any industrial distribution system power quality study. Whether the desired result is the determination of harmonic distortion levels, a harmonic filter design, or transient waveform analysis, the proper choice of instrument, measurement technique and analytical tools can make the difference between a well engineered solution to a complex problem and an expensive failure. This paper reviews the points of consideration for power quality instrumentation, a description of appropriate measurement techniques, and a discussion of analytical methods.
{"title":"Instrumentation, measurement techniques and analytical tools in power quality studies","authors":"R. H. Simpson","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595228","url":null,"abstract":"The proper choice of instrumentation, measurement techniques and analytical tools is vital to the successful implementation of any industrial distribution system power quality study. Whether the desired result is the determination of harmonic distortion levels, a harmonic filter design, or transient waveform analysis, the proper choice of instrument, measurement technique and analytical tools can make the difference between a well engineered solution to a complex problem and an expensive failure. This paper reviews the points of consideration for power quality instrumentation, a description of appropriate measurement techniques, and a discussion of analytical methods.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115479332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595213
D. E. Schump
Reliable electric motors are essential to the operation of any plant, particularly large integrated paper mills. This paper describes the deterioration mechanisms at work on motors and test methods which can be used to assess the electrical condition of the motor windings. These tests, combined with a program of vibration monitoring, can provide a pro-active motor maintenance capability.
{"title":"Predict motor failure with insulation testing","authors":"D. E. Schump","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595213","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable electric motors are essential to the operation of any plant, particularly large integrated paper mills. This paper describes the deterioration mechanisms at work on motors and test methods which can be used to assess the electrical condition of the motor windings. These tests, combined with a program of vibration monitoring, can provide a pro-active motor maintenance capability.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134626479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595199
K. Borthwick, P. Thind, P. Fransen
Personal computers (PCs) are increasingly being used in industrial applications. Graphical user interface (GUI) software and Windows-based operating systems are proving to be cost-effective, rugged and reliable. These advances have allowed over the the successful installation of several human-machine interface (HMI) systems for paper machine winders. The HMI monitors the operation of a winder and provides complete machine control. An operator interface was developed to both monitor and control a multi-section paper machine drive. The application described highlights the use of a redundant multi-computer network to replace existing benchboard controls. New monitoring and control features and a unique reel roll-density-control scheme were included. The goals achieved were increased paper production and improved control of reel building.
{"title":"Implementation of a PC-based operator interface for a paper machine drive","authors":"K. Borthwick, P. Thind, P. Fransen","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595199","url":null,"abstract":"Personal computers (PCs) are increasingly being used in industrial applications. Graphical user interface (GUI) software and Windows-based operating systems are proving to be cost-effective, rugged and reliable. These advances have allowed over the the successful installation of several human-machine interface (HMI) systems for paper machine winders. The HMI monitors the operation of a winder and provides complete machine control. An operator interface was developed to both monitor and control a multi-section paper machine drive. The application described highlights the use of a redundant multi-computer network to replace existing benchboard controls. New monitoring and control features and a unique reel roll-density-control scheme were included. The goals achieved were increased paper production and improved control of reel building.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"390 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121249327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595224
M. Elkadiri, M. Berrada
This article proposes a control study for the Fourdrinier. This will be achieved using the internal model controller (IMC), with the use of tracking and regulation reference models and measurable perturbation model. The IMC design and application to multivariable systems requires a mathematical model in state representation form. Thus, we give the representation using state variables of the Fourdrinier's model combined with every component, which are the wet box, the table roll, the foil, the vacuum box, and the couch roll. The results show that the Fourdrinier can be controlled using the mathematical models proposed previously by the authors (1996) with a modern control law. A quantitative discussion on numerical control of a Fourdrinier's machine with the use of reference models is then presented.
{"title":"The wet-end in pulp and paper industry: controllers and simulation results","authors":"M. Elkadiri, M. Berrada","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595224","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a control study for the Fourdrinier. This will be achieved using the internal model controller (IMC), with the use of tracking and regulation reference models and measurable perturbation model. The IMC design and application to multivariable systems requires a mathematical model in state representation form. Thus, we give the representation using state variables of the Fourdrinier's model combined with every component, which are the wet box, the table roll, the foil, the vacuum box, and the couch roll. The results show that the Fourdrinier can be controlled using the mathematical models proposed previously by the authors (1996) with a modern control law. A quantitative discussion on numerical control of a Fourdrinier's machine with the use of reference models is then presented.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121738996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595230
M. Basu, S. Oketani, A. Rose
In recent years, much has been documented on vacuum interrupter improvements. This paper focuses on alternative technology in the form of arc quenching in SF/sub 6/ gas by means of a rotating arc and thermal expansion. These parallel developments in SF/sub 6/ circuit breakers make possible choices between vacuum and SF/sub 6/ breakers. User identified criteria in evaluating the emergent and competing technologies are offered in an effort to provide an understanding of the differences in medium voltage switchgear technologies.
{"title":"A state-of-the-art medium voltage SF/sub 6/ breaker for today's distribution requirements","authors":"M. Basu, S. Oketani, A. Rose","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595230","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, much has been documented on vacuum interrupter improvements. This paper focuses on alternative technology in the form of arc quenching in SF/sub 6/ gas by means of a rotating arc and thermal expansion. These parallel developments in SF/sub 6/ circuit breakers make possible choices between vacuum and SF/sub 6/ breakers. User identified criteria in evaluating the emergent and competing technologies are offered in an effort to provide an understanding of the differences in medium voltage switchgear technologies.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595216
G. Stone, J. Kapler
Many pulp and paper mills are moving toward condition-based maintenance (CBM), also known as predictive maintenance, for major equipment such as generators and motors. In research sponsored by the electric utility industry, new tools have been developed to help motor and generator operators implement CBM on the electrical windings in such machines. One technology involved the development of an expert system which analyzes all common online and offline tests together with operating data to estimate an overall indicator of the risk of winding failure. In a second development, an online partial discharge measurement system which can be used by plant personnel has been developed which can detect most of the deterioration mechanisms that can occur in stator windings rated 4 kV and above. This paper reviews the development of these two areas, which rely heavily on sophisticated software technologies, and discusses their application to implement CBM. The paper concentrates on stator windings. A short discussion of what problems are most likely to occur in stator windings is first presented.
{"title":"Condition-based maintenance for the electrical windings of large motors and generators","authors":"G. Stone, J. Kapler","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595216","url":null,"abstract":"Many pulp and paper mills are moving toward condition-based maintenance (CBM), also known as predictive maintenance, for major equipment such as generators and motors. In research sponsored by the electric utility industry, new tools have been developed to help motor and generator operators implement CBM on the electrical windings in such machines. One technology involved the development of an expert system which analyzes all common online and offline tests together with operating data to estimate an overall indicator of the risk of winding failure. In a second development, an online partial discharge measurement system which can be used by plant personnel has been developed which can detect most of the deterioration mechanisms that can occur in stator windings rated 4 kV and above. This paper reviews the development of these two areas, which rely heavily on sophisticated software technologies, and discusses their application to implement CBM. The paper concentrates on stator windings. A short discussion of what problems are most likely to occur in stator windings is first presented.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595242
R. Schaefer
Many power generation plants in the pulp and paper industry are faced with high maintenance and down time due to the excitation system. DC field breakers, motor driven rheostats, commutator deterioration, and replacement parts for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) are just a few of the problems typical of these aged power plants. The result is high overhead and potentially long down time of the generator system. The replacement of the rotating exciter and associated equipment for static excitation systems provides the positive solutions to these problems. The static exciter offers the design flexibility of easy retrofit for both small and larger rotating exciter systems. Additionally, it eliminates the maintenance overhead common to the brush type exciter.
{"title":"Application of static excitation systems for rotating exciter replacement","authors":"R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595242","url":null,"abstract":"Many power generation plants in the pulp and paper industry are faced with high maintenance and down time due to the excitation system. DC field breakers, motor driven rheostats, commutator deterioration, and replacement parts for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) are just a few of the problems typical of these aged power plants. The result is high overhead and potentially long down time of the generator system. The replacement of the rotating exciter and associated equipment for static excitation systems provides the positive solutions to these problems. The static exciter offers the design flexibility of easy retrofit for both small and larger rotating exciter systems. Additionally, it eliminates the maintenance overhead common to the brush type exciter.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117093522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-16DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595218
R. Jones
In the past three or four years, more than any other time, engineers who work in the pulp and paper industry and related businesses are finding themselves out of work. For some, it is the first time since they graduated from college and it is a situation that they have never envisioned for themselves. This paper is a case study on some of the requirements for a professional job search, the preparations, the work, and the problems. This is not intended to be all inclusive, nor is it intended to be another "how to" textbook like so many that line the shelves down at the bookstore.
{"title":"The professional job search","authors":"R. Jones","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1997.595218","url":null,"abstract":"In the past three or four years, more than any other time, engineers who work in the pulp and paper industry and related businesses are finding themselves out of work. For some, it is the first time since they graduated from college and it is a situation that they have never envisioned for themselves. This paper is a case study on some of the requirements for a professional job search, the preparations, the work, and the problems. This is not intended to be all inclusive, nor is it intended to be another \"how to\" textbook like so many that line the shelves down at the bookstore.","PeriodicalId":346714,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1997 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116488562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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