Around the world, faith in democracy is falling. Partisanship and mutual distrust are increasing. What, if anything, should we do about these problems? In this accessible work, leading philosophers Jason Brennan and Hélène Landemore debate whether the solution lies in having less democracy or more. Brennan argues that democracy has systematic flaws, and that democracy does not and cannot work the way most of us commonly assume. He argues the best solution is to limit democracy’s scope and to experiment with certain voting systems that can overcome democracy’s problems. Landemore argues that democracy’s virtues, which stem, at an ideal level, from its inclusiveness and egalitarian distribution of power, are not properly manifested in the historical regime form that we call “representative democracy.” Whereas representative democracy centers on an oligarchic form of representation by elected officials, Landemore defends a more authentic paradigm of popular rule—open democracy—in which legislative power is open to all on an equal basis, including via lottery-based mechanisms.
在世界各地,人们对民主的信心正在下降。党派之争和相互不信任正在加剧。对于这些问题,我们应该做些什么呢?在这本通俗易懂的著作中,著名哲学家杰森·布伦南(Jason Brennan)和海姆斯·兰德莫尔(h l Landemore)讨论了解决方案在于减少民主还是增加民主。布伦南认为,民主存在系统性缺陷,民主没有也不可能像我们大多数人通常认为的那样运作。他认为,最好的解决办法是限制民主的范围,并尝试某些能够克服民主问题的投票制度。兰德莫尔认为,民主的优点,在理想层面上源于其包容性和平等的权力分配,并没有在我们称之为“代议制民主”的历史政体形式中得到适当的体现。代议制民主以民选官员的寡头代表形式为中心,而兰德莫尔捍卫的是一种更真实的大众规则模式——开放民主——在这种模式下,立法权在平等的基础上向所有人开放,包括通过以彩票为基础的机制。
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