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2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications最新文献

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Program Optimization of Stencil Based Application on the GPU-Accelerated System 基于模板的gpu加速系统应用程序优化
Guibin Wang, Xuejun Yang, Y. Zhang, T. Tang, Xudong Fang
Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), with many light-weight data-parallel cores, can provide substantial parallel computational power to accelerate general purpose applications. But the powerful computing capacity could not be fully utilized for memory-intensive applications, which are limited by off-chip memory bandwidth and latency. Stencil computation has abundant parallelism and low computational intensity which make it a useful architectural evaluation benchmark. In this paper, we propose some memory optimizations for a stencil based application mgrid from SPEC 2K benchmarks. Through exploiting data locality in 3-level memory hierarchies and tuning the thread granularity, we reduce the pressure on the off-chip memory bandwidth. To hide the long off-chip memory access latency, we further prefetch data during computation through double-buffer. In order to fully exploit the CPU-GPU heterogeneous system, we redistribute the computation between these two computing resource. Through all these optimizations, we gain 24.2x speedup compared to the simple mapping version, and get as high as 34.3x speedup when compared with a CPU implementation.
图形处理单元(GPU)具有许多轻量级的数据并行核,可以提供大量的并行计算能力来加速通用应用程序。但受片外内存带宽和延迟的限制,强大的计算能力无法充分发挥到内存密集型应用中。模板计算具有丰富的并行性和较低的计算强度,是一种有用的体系结构评价基准。在本文中,我们从spec2k基准测试中为基于模板的应用程序mgrid提出了一些内存优化。通过利用3级内存层次结构中的数据局部性和调优线程粒度,我们减少了片外内存带宽的压力。为了隐藏片外存储器访问延迟,我们进一步通过双缓冲区在计算过程中预取数据。为了充分利用CPU-GPU异构系统,我们在这两种计算资源之间重新分配计算。通过所有这些优化,与简单的映射版本相比,我们获得了24.2倍的加速,与CPU实现相比,我们获得了高达34.3倍的加速。
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引用次数: 5
Balancing Parallel Applications on Multi-core Processors Based on Cache Partitioning 基于缓存分区的多核处理器并行应用均衡
Guang Suo, Xuejun Yang
Load balancing is an important problem for parallel applications. Recently, many super computers are built on multi-core processors which are usually sharing the last level cache. On one hand different accesses from different cores conflict each other, on the other hand different cores have different work loads resulting in load unbalancing. In this paper, we present a novel technique for balancing parallel applications for multi-core processors based on cache partitioning which can allocate different part of shared caches to different cores exclusively. Our intuitive idea is partitioning shared cache to different cores based on their workloads. That is to say, a heavy load core will get more shared caches than a light load core, so the heavy load core runs faster. We give 2 algorithms in this paper, initial cache partitioning algorithm (ICP) and dynamical cache partitioning algorithm (DCP). ICP is used to determine the best partition when application starting while DCP is used to adjust the initial partition based on the changes of load balancing. Our experiment results show that the running time can be reduced by 7% on average when our load balancing mechanism based on cache partitioning is used.
负载平衡是并行应用的一个重要问题。最近,许多超级计算机建立在多核处理器上,这些处理器通常共享最后一级缓存。一方面是不同核的不同访问会产生冲突,另一方面是不同核的工作负载不同,导致负载不均衡。本文提出了一种基于缓存分区的多核处理器并行应用均衡技术,该技术可以将共享缓存的不同部分独占地分配给不同的核心。我们的直观想法是根据工作负载将共享缓存分区到不同的核心。也就是说,重负载核心将比轻负载核心获得更多的共享缓存,因此重负载核心运行得更快。本文给出了初始缓存分区算法(ICP)和动态缓存分区算法(DCP)。ICP用于在应用程序启动时确定最佳分区,DCP用于根据负载平衡的变化调整初始分区。实验结果表明,采用基于缓存分区的负载均衡机制,平均可以减少7%的运行时间。
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引用次数: 8
An Alliance Based Reputation Model for Internet Autonomous System Trust Evaluation 基于联盟的互联网自治系统信任评估信誉模型
Ning Hu, Peidong Zhu, Peng Zou
The security of inter-domain routing system greatly depends on the trustworthiness of routing information and routing behavior of autonomous system (AS). Many researches on e-commerce, grid, and p2p have proven that reputation mechanism is helpful to inhibit the spread of false route and the occurrence of malicious routing behavior. To increase AS resistance to malicious routing attack, we designs an alliance based reputation model for AS routing behavior trust evaluation. Our approach calculates AS reputation with the Bayesian probability model and manages AS reputation with AS alliance. Compared with the fully distributed reputation model, our model has lower storage and communication overhead. This reputation model is incremental deployment and easy to implement. It can be employed for securing AS routing and assisting malicious behavior detection.
域间路由系统的安全性很大程度上取决于路由信息的可信度和自治系统的路由行为。许多关于电子商务、网格和p2p的研究都证明信誉机制有助于抑制虚假路由的传播和恶意路由行为的发生。为了增强AS对恶意路由攻击的抵抗力,设计了基于联盟的AS路由行为信任评估信誉模型。我们的方法使用贝叶斯概率模型计算AS声誉,并通过AS联盟管理AS声誉。与完全分布式信誉模型相比,我们的模型具有更低的存储和通信开销。这种信誉模型是增量部署,易于实现。它可以用于保护AS路由和协助恶意行为检测。
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引用次数: 3
Dynamic Forensics Based on Intrusion Tolerance 基于入侵容忍的动态取证
Lin Chen, Zhitang Li, C. Gao, Lan Liu
With the development of intrusion technologies, dynamic forensics is becoming more and more important. Dynamic forensics using IDS or honeypot are all based on a common hypothesis that the system is still in a reliable working situation and collected evidences are believable even if the system is suffered from intrusion. In fact, the system has already transferred into an insecurity and unreliable state, it is uncertain that whether the intrusion detectors and investigators could run as normal and whether the obtained evidences are credible. Although intrusion tolerance has been applied in many areas of security for years, few researches are referred to network forensics. The work presented in this paper is based on an idea to integrate Intrusion tolerance into dynamic forensics to make the system under control, ensure the reliability of evidences and aim to gather more useful evidences for investigation. A mechanism of dynamic forensics based on intrusion forensics is proposed. This paper introduces the architecture of the model which uses IDS as tolerance and forensics trigger and honeypot as shadow server, the finite state machine model is described to specify the mechanism, and then two cases are analyzed to illuminate the mechanism.
随着入侵技术的发展,动态取证变得越来越重要。使用IDS或蜜罐的动态取证都是基于一个共同的假设,即即使系统遭受入侵,系统仍然处于可靠的工作状态,并且收集的证据是可信的。事实上,系统已经进入了不安全、不可靠的状态,入侵探测器和侦查人员能否正常运行,获取的证据是否可信,都是不确定的。近年来,入侵容忍技术在许多安全领域得到了广泛的应用,但针对网络取证的研究却很少。本文的工作是基于将入侵容忍融入动态取证的思想,使系统处于可控状态,保证证据的可靠性,旨在为调查收集更多有用的证据。提出了一种基于入侵取证的动态取证机制。本文介绍了以入侵检测作为容错触发器,蜜罐作为影子服务器的模型体系结构,描述了有限状态机模型来说明其实现机制,并通过分析两个案例来说明其实现机制。
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引用次数: 7
Solo: A Lightweight Virtual Machine Solo:轻量级虚拟机
Xiang Zhang, Jie Ma, Yanchao Miao, Qingwei Meng, Dan Meng
The overhead caused by virtualization makes it difficult to apply VM in the applications which require high degrees of both performance isolation and efficiency, such as the high performance computing. In this paper, we present a lightweight virtual machine, named Solo. It simplifies the design of VMM greatly by making most privileged instructions bypass the VMM, except the I/O operations. Solo allows VM running directly on hardware with the highest privileges, therefore greatly reduces the overhead caused by virtualization. Our evaluation shows that Solo not only guarantees the VM performance isolation, but also improves VM performance to the level of traditional OS, and thus meets the requirements of the high performance applications without special hardware support.
虚拟化带来的开销使得在高性能计算等对性能隔离和效率都要求很高的应用程序中难以应用VM。在本文中,我们提出了一个名为Solo的轻量级虚拟机。除了I/O操作外,它使大多数特权指令绕过VMM,从而大大简化了VMM的设计。Solo允许VM以最高权限直接在硬件上运行,因此大大减少了虚拟化带来的开销。我们的评估表明,Solo不仅保证了VM的性能隔离,而且将VM的性能提高到传统操作系统的水平,从而满足无需特殊硬件支持的高性能应用的需求。
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引用次数: 2
An Efficient Task Allocation Protocol for P2P Multi-agent Systems 一种高效的P2P多智能体系统任务分配协议
Dayong Ye, Q. Bai, Minjie Zhang, K. Win, Zhiqi Shen
Recently, task allocation in multi-agent systems has been investigated by many researchers. Some researchers suggested to have a central controller which has a global view about the environment to allocate tasks. Although centralized control brings convenience during task allocation processes, it also has some obvious weaknesses. Firstly, a central controller plays an important role in a multi-agent system, but task allocation procedures will break down if the central controller of a system cannot work properly. Secondly, centralized multi-agent architecture is not suitable for distributed working environments. In order to overcome some limitations caused by centralized control, some researchers proposed distributed task allocation protocols. They supposed that each agent has a limited local view about its direct linked neighbors, and can allocate tasks to its neighbors. However, only involving direct linked neighbors could limit resource origins, so that the task allocation efficiency will be greatly reduced. In this paper, we propose an efficient task allocation protocol for P2P multi-agent systems. This protocol allows not only neighboring agents but also indirect linked agents in the system to help with a task if needed. Through this way, agents can achieve more efficient and robust task allocations in loosely coupled distributed environments (e.g. P2P multi-agent systems). A set of experiments are presented in this paper to evaluate the efficiency and adaptability of the protocol. The experiment result shows that the protocol can work efficiently in different situations.
近年来,许多研究者对多智能体系统中的任务分配问题进行了研究。一些研究人员建议设置一个对环境有全局视野的中央控制器来分配任务。虽然集中控制在任务分配过程中带来了方便,但它也有一些明显的缺点。首先,在多智能体系统中,中心控制器起着重要的作用,但如果系统的中心控制器不能正常工作,任务分配过程将会中断。其次,集中式多智能体架构不适合分布式工作环境。为了克服集中控制带来的一些局限性,一些研究者提出了分布式任务分配协议。他们假设每个智能体对其直接连接的邻居具有有限的局部视图,并且可以将任务分配给它的邻居。但是,如果只涉及直接连接的邻居,可能会限制资源的来源,从而大大降低任务分配效率。本文提出了一种适用于P2P多智能体系统的高效任务分配协议。该协议不仅允许相邻代理,还允许系统中间接链接的代理在需要时帮助完成任务。通过这种方式,代理可以在松散耦合的分布式环境(如P2P多代理系统)中实现更高效、更健壮的任务分配。通过实验验证了该协议的有效性和适应性。实验结果表明,该协议可以在不同的情况下有效地工作。
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引用次数: 6
Fault-Tolerant Routing Schemes for Wormhole Mesh 虫洞网格的容错路由方案
Xinming Duan, Dakun Zhang, Xuemei Sun
Fault-tolerance is an important issue for the design of interconnection networks. In this paper, a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm is presented and is applied in mesh networks employing wormhole switching. Due to its low routing restrictions, the presented routing algorithm is so highly adaptive that it is connected and deadlock-free in spite of the various fault regions in mesh networks. Due to the minimal virtual channels it uses, the presented routing algorithm only employs as few buffers as possible and is suitable for fault-tolerant interconnection networks with low cost. Since it chooses the path around fault regions according to the local fault information, the presented routing algorithm takes routing decisions quickly and is applicable in interconnection networks. Moreover, a simulation is conducted for the proposed routing algorithm and the results show that the algorithm exhibits a graceful degradation in performance.
容错是互连网络设计中的一个重要问题。本文提出了一种新的容错路由算法,并将其应用于采用虫洞交换的网状网络中。该算法具有较低的路由限制,自适应能力强,即使网状网络中存在各种故障区域,也能保持连通和无死锁。由于所使用的虚拟通道最少,因此所提出的路由算法只使用尽可能少的缓冲区,适合于低成本的容错互连网络。该算法根据局部故障信息选择故障区域周围的路径,路由决策速度快,适用于互连网络。此外,对所提出的路由算法进行了仿真,结果表明该算法具有良好的性能退化。
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引用次数: 7
Semi-automatic Transformation of Sequential Code to Distributed Code Using Model Driven Architecture Approach 基于模型驱动体系结构方法的顺序代码到分布式代码的半自动转换
S. Karimi, Saeed Parsa
In this paper, a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach is applied to Semi-automatically translate sequential programs into corresponding distributed code. The novelty of our work is the use of MDA in the process of translating serial into distributed code. The transformation comprises automatic generation of platform independent and then platform specific models from the sequential code. In order to generate the PIM, a meta-model defining the overall architecture of the resultant distributed code is developed. The meta-model is used as a basis for the development of platform independent models (PIM) for the resultant distributed code. A set of transformation rules are defined to transform the resulted PIM into a corresponding platform-specific model. These transformation rules can be modified by the user, depending on the details of the underlying middle-ware applied for the distribution. The platform independent model provides a better understanding of the distributed code and helps the programmer to modify the code more easily.
本文采用模型驱动体系结构(MDA)方法将顺序程序半自动地转换为相应的分布式代码。我们工作的新奇之处在于在将串行代码转换为分布式代码的过程中使用了MDA。转换包括从顺序代码自动生成独立于平台和特定于平台的模型。为了生成PIM,需要开发一个元模型来定义生成的分布式代码的总体体系结构。元模型用于为生成的分布式代码开发与平台无关的模型(PIM)。定义了一组转换规则,将结果PIM转换为相应的特定于平台的模型。这些转换规则可以由用户修改,具体取决于应用于发行版的底层中间件的细节。与平台无关的模型提供了对分布式代码的更好理解,并帮助程序员更容易地修改代码。
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引用次数: 1
Analysing Internet Information Propagation Using Quality of Service Methodology Based on Algebra of System 基于系统代数的服务质量方法分析互联网信息传播
T. Wang, Q. Qu, Benjamin H. Y. Koo
In this paper, we analyze the basic characteristics of the propagation network. Using the modeling framework Algebra of System (AoS), we convert the complexity of the network structure into the quantity of data. By using OPN(Object-Process Network) which is an executable meta-language based on the mathematical specification of AoS, we build a framework to describe and evaluate the performance of internet networking during Beijing Olympic Games, which is collected by GPERF, a globally distributed performance measurement system of China Education and Research Network (CERNET). In this framework, we deal with the information of QoS for simulation, visualization, and analysis of user’s needs in a uniform algebraic way.
本文分析了传播网络的基本特性。利用系统代数(AoS)建模框架,将网络结构的复杂性转化为数据量。利用OPN(Object-Process Network)这一基于AoS数学规范的可执行元语言,构建了一个描述和评估北京奥运会期间互联网网络性能的框架,该框架由中国教育和科研网络(CERNET)的全球分布式性能测量系统GPERF收集。在这个框架中,我们以统一的代数方式处理QoS的信息,用于仿真、可视化和用户需求分析。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed Execution of Workflow Using Parallel Partitioning 基于并行分区的工作流分布式执行
M. Hedayat, Wentong Cai, S. Turner, Shayan Shahand
Grid computing is a fundamental technology for large scale distributed resource sharing. Workflow management is becoming one of the most important Grid services. A lot of research work has been done on different issues involved in workflow management systems. The focus of this paper is on three areas: workflow partitioning, enactment and data movement. A new workflow management system called parallel and distributed workflow management system (PDWMS) is proposed. In this system the execution of workflow is done by a network of collaborative engines. To achieve this target, the original abstract workflow (input of the system) is partitioned into parallel parts, using a new proposed partitioning algorithm. PDWMS’s data movement, which is categorized into local and global models, uses a peer-to-peer approach.
网格计算是实现大规模分布式资源共享的基础技术。工作流管理正在成为最重要的网格服务之一。对于工作流管理系统所涉及的各种问题,人们做了大量的研究工作。本文主要从工作流划分、工作流制定和工作流移动三个方面进行了研究。提出了一种新的工作流管理系统——并行分布式工作流管理系统(PDWMS)。在该系统中,工作流的执行由协同引擎网络完成。为了实现这一目标,采用一种新的划分算法,将原始的抽象工作流(系统的输入)划分为并行的部分。PDWMS的数据移动分为本地模型和全局模型,使用点对点方法。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications
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