Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3059
C. Muñoz-Ramírez, M. Beltrán-Concha, Karla Pérez-Araneda, C. Sands, D. Barnes, A. Román-González, A. D. de Lecea, Kate Retallick, K. V. Van Landeghem, K. Sheen, Kelly Gonnelli, J. Scourse, Miguel Bascur, A. Brante
Climate change is strongly influencing regions of Antarctica but the consequences on microevolutionary processes have been little studied. Patterns of population genetic diversity were analysed in the Antarctic bivalve Nuculana inaequisculpta (Protobranchia: Nuculanidae) from a fjord with 70 years of documented climate-forced glacier retreat. Thirty-nine individuals from five sites at different distances from the glacier terminus were collected, and the COI gene was sequenced from each individual. No statistically significant genetic differentiation was found between sites nor a significant correlation between the proximity of glaciers and genetic diversity, suggesting a high dispersal capability and therefore, a planktonic larval stage for this species. Nevertheless, we encourage increasing the sample size and number of loci in future studies to confirm our findings.
{"title":"Genetic variation in the small bivalve Nuculana inaequisculpta along a retreating glacier fjord, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"C. Muñoz-Ramírez, M. Beltrán-Concha, Karla Pérez-Araneda, C. Sands, D. Barnes, A. Román-González, A. D. de Lecea, Kate Retallick, K. V. Van Landeghem, K. Sheen, Kelly Gonnelli, J. Scourse, Miguel Bascur, A. Brante","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3059","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is strongly influencing regions of Antarctica but the consequences on microevolutionary processes have been little studied. Patterns of population genetic diversity were analysed in the Antarctic bivalve Nuculana inaequisculpta (Protobranchia: Nuculanidae) from a fjord with 70 years of documented climate-forced glacier retreat. Thirty-nine individuals from five sites at different distances from the glacier terminus were collected, and the COI gene was sequenced from each individual. No statistically significant genetic differentiation was found between sites nor a significant correlation between the proximity of glaciers and genetic diversity, suggesting a high dispersal capability and therefore, a planktonic larval stage for this species. Nevertheless, we encourage increasing the sample size and number of loci in future studies to confirm our findings.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122898651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3061
J. Rau, C. Oyarzun, Jonnathan Vilugrón, Jaime A. Cursach, Claudio N. Tobar, Marcelo Provoste, Javiera Abarzúa
The Lafken Mapu Lahual Coastal Marine Protected Area of Multiple Uses (Lafken Mapu Lahual), Osorno coast, southern Chile, is one of the first protected areas created in Chile during 2006, but only in 2019 its Management Plan was presented. This study provides information on its marine mammal species to be used in future biodiversity monitoring plans. The sighted mammals were recorded and counted through 18 navigation tracks and one observation point in the 2014-2015 austral breeding season. Five species were recorded systematically (one whale species, two dolphin species, one marine otter species and a one sea lion species). Two of them (Lontra felina and Balaenoptera musculus) are classified by the IUCN in the conservation category corresponding to Endangered. Laken Mapu Lahual is an important area for the species of whales that use it for their migratory route to the south of Chile.
{"title":"Registros de mamíferos presentes en el Área Marina Costera Protegida de Múltiples Usos Lafken Mapu Lahual, sur de Chile","authors":"J. Rau, C. Oyarzun, Jonnathan Vilugrón, Jaime A. Cursach, Claudio N. Tobar, Marcelo Provoste, Javiera Abarzúa","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3061","url":null,"abstract":"The Lafken Mapu Lahual Coastal Marine Protected Area of Multiple Uses (Lafken Mapu Lahual), Osorno coast, southern Chile, is one of the first protected areas created in Chile during 2006, but only in 2019 its Management Plan was presented. This study provides information on its marine mammal species to be used in future biodiversity monitoring plans. The sighted mammals were recorded and counted through 18 navigation tracks and one observation point in the 2014-2015 austral breeding season. Five species were recorded systematically (one whale species, two dolphin species, one marine otter species and a one sea lion species). Two of them (Lontra felina and Balaenoptera musculus) are classified by the IUCN in the conservation category corresponding to Endangered. Laken Mapu Lahual is an important area for the species of whales that use it for their migratory route to the south of Chile.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3055
Yira D. Tapia-Gallardo, M. A. Del Río-Portilla, Ceres A. Molina-Cárdenas, M. Sánchez‐Saavedra
Diatoms, such as Chaetoceros, grow in a mutualistic relationship with bacteria. However, in some cases, it is necessary to grow them in bacteria-free cultures. To reduce bacterial load, antibiotics are used, and on certain occasions it is necessary to use a mixture with more than one antibiotic. This work aimed to obtain a quick and effective protocol to reduce the bacterial load and evaluate the response of three Chaetoceros species with aquacultural importance. Single and mix antibiotics were used. Microalgal and bacterial growth was measured. The growth parameters for diatoms showed that the significantly highest cell concentration was for C. muelleri (3.15 x106 cells mL-1) and the lowest values to C. calcitrans (2.98 x106 cells mL-1). The significantly highest growth rate was for C. calcitrans (0.77 divisions per day), and the lowest values for Chaetoceros sp. (0.60 divisions per day). The growth parameters for heterotrophic bacteria showed that the significantly highest bacterial load was for Chaetoceros sp. (19.16 x106 CFU (Colony-Forming Units) mL-1) and the lowest values were for C. calcitrans (12.23 x106 CFU mL-1). The growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria present in Chaetoceros cultures was similar among the three studied species. Streptomycin® and sulfate G41® produced a partial reduction of bacterial load. The most effective treatment for all three species was the use of an antibiotic mix composed of ampicillin® (250 μg mL-1), kanamycin® (200 μg mL-1), neomycin® (50 μg mL-1), and streptomycin® (100 μg mL-1) for three days. The mix prepared with the highest antibiotic concentration produced a reduction of bacteria (100%) for three days; however, it also induced a significant reduction of the growth of the three Chaetoceros species.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity in three Chaetoceros microalgae species cultures by using antibiotics","authors":"Yira D. Tapia-Gallardo, M. A. Del Río-Portilla, Ceres A. Molina-Cárdenas, M. Sánchez‐Saavedra","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3055","url":null,"abstract":"Diatoms, such as Chaetoceros, grow in a mutualistic relationship with bacteria. However, in some cases, it is necessary to grow them in bacteria-free cultures. To reduce bacterial load, antibiotics are used, and on certain occasions it is necessary to use a mixture with more than one antibiotic. This work aimed to obtain a quick and effective protocol to reduce the bacterial load and evaluate the response of three Chaetoceros species with aquacultural importance. Single and mix antibiotics were used. Microalgal and bacterial growth was measured. The growth parameters for diatoms showed that the significantly highest cell concentration was for C. muelleri (3.15 x106 cells mL-1) and the lowest values to C. calcitrans (2.98 x106 cells mL-1). The significantly highest growth rate was for C. calcitrans (0.77 divisions per day), and the lowest values for Chaetoceros sp. (0.60 divisions per day). The growth parameters for heterotrophic bacteria showed that the significantly highest bacterial load was for Chaetoceros sp. (19.16 x106 CFU (Colony-Forming Units) mL-1) and the lowest values were for C. calcitrans (12.23 x106 CFU mL-1). The growth rate of the heterotrophic bacteria present in Chaetoceros cultures was similar among the three studied species. Streptomycin® and sulfate G41® produced a partial reduction of bacterial load. The most effective treatment for all three species was the use of an antibiotic mix composed of ampicillin® (250 μg mL-1), kanamycin® (200 μg mL-1), neomycin® (50 μg mL-1), and streptomycin® (100 μg mL-1) for three days. The mix prepared with the highest antibiotic concentration produced a reduction of bacteria (100%) for three days; however, it also induced a significant reduction of the growth of the three Chaetoceros species.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125080968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3053
Julio Alejandro Ysla-Guzmán, X. Moreno-Sánchez, M. O. Rosales‐Velázquez, V. Carrasco-Chávez, J. L. Ortíz-Galindo
The barred sand bass Paralabrax nebulifer is a commercially important fish off the west coast of Baja California Sur. To assess the diet of this species and variations as a function of sex and reproductive condition, 60 specimens were captured using traps during seven seasonal sampling trips from August 2016 to August 2018 in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The stomach contents of 50 specimens were obtained (23 males and 27 females). Sex was diagnosed by direct observation of the gonads. Based on the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and histological analyses, the reproductive season of the barred sand bass was corroborated for August 2016, April, August, and September 2017, and August 2018, and the non-reproductive season was corroborated for November 2016 and March 2018. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI) was used to classify the main diet components, which comprised three fish species, seven crustacean species, and one mollusk species. According to the IRI, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax and the red pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were the prey that contributed the most (55%) to the barred sand bass diet. The ANOSIM showed that there were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed by sex; the SIMPER analysis revealed that the species contributing the most to differences between the sexes were S. sagax (16.58%), Euphylax dovii (15.95%), Stenocionops ovata (12%), and P. planipes (11.82%) for females. There were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed between types of reproductive season; the species contributing the most to differences between seasons were Anchoa spp. (27.76%), and P. planipes for non-reproductive season (22.67%), and S. sagax (11.08%) for reproductive season. The feeding strategy of the barred sand bass was that of a specialist carnivorous predator that fed mainly on the fish Sardinops sagax during the reproductive season, which supply the dietary nutritional requirements of the lipids HUFA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), nutrients required to achieve reproductive success.
{"title":"Feeding habits of Paralabrax nebulifer (Serranidae) during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico","authors":"Julio Alejandro Ysla-Guzmán, X. Moreno-Sánchez, M. O. Rosales‐Velázquez, V. Carrasco-Chávez, J. L. Ortíz-Galindo","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3053","url":null,"abstract":"The barred sand bass Paralabrax nebulifer is a commercially important fish off the west coast of Baja California Sur. To assess the diet of this species and variations as a function of sex and reproductive condition, 60 specimens were captured using traps during seven seasonal sampling trips from August 2016 to August 2018 in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The stomach contents of 50 specimens were obtained (23 males and 27 females). Sex was diagnosed by direct observation of the gonads. Based on the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and histological analyses, the reproductive season of the barred sand bass was corroborated for August 2016, April, August, and September 2017, and August 2018, and the non-reproductive season was corroborated for November 2016 and March 2018. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI) was used to classify the main diet components, which comprised three fish species, seven crustacean species, and one mollusk species. According to the IRI, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax and the red pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were the prey that contributed the most (55%) to the barred sand bass diet. The ANOSIM showed that there were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed by sex; the SIMPER analysis revealed that the species contributing the most to differences between the sexes were S. sagax (16.58%), Euphylax dovii (15.95%), Stenocionops ovata (12%), and P. planipes (11.82%) for females. There were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed between types of reproductive season; the species contributing the most to differences between seasons were Anchoa spp. (27.76%), and P. planipes for non-reproductive season (22.67%), and S. sagax (11.08%) for reproductive season. The feeding strategy of the barred sand bass was that of a specialist carnivorous predator that fed mainly on the fish Sardinops sagax during the reproductive season, which supply the dietary nutritional requirements of the lipids HUFA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), nutrients required to achieve reproductive success. ","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121017025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3060
J. García-Navarro, Miguel A. Vera-Sánchez, D. Romero
Marine ecosystems are under great pressure due to heavy metals pollution, and mussels remain an important knowledge source in this regard. In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed for 7 days to Cd and three Cd-mixtures (Cd+Pb, Cd+Cu and Cd+Pb+Cu). The accumulation and tissue distribution of inorganic elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S, macrominerals) that are usually not taken into consideration in field studies on in bioassays were evaluated. Regarding concentration, the element which differed the most with respect to the control group was K, while Mg was the only one which showed no significant statistical difference with the control group. The group exposed to ternary mixture was the one in which there were more alterations in concentration and distribution of these macrominerals with respect to control, whereas in the group exposed to single Cd no significant differences in the concentration of these inorganic elements were found. The concentration and distribution of macrominerals in the compartments studied (digestive gland, gill and remaining soft tissues) is susceptible to the presence of Cd and heavy metal Cd-mixtures, with percentages of changes until 28.7%. Study results suggest that macrominerals composition in mussel tissues could be useful in studies of heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems.
{"title":"Concentration and distribution of macrominerals in tissues of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to Cd and Cd-mixtures","authors":"J. García-Navarro, Miguel A. Vera-Sánchez, D. Romero","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3060","url":null,"abstract":"Marine ecosystems are under great pressure due to heavy metals pollution, and mussels remain an important knowledge source in this regard. In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed for 7 days to Cd and three Cd-mixtures (Cd+Pb, Cd+Cu and Cd+Pb+Cu). The accumulation and tissue distribution of inorganic elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S, macrominerals) that are usually not taken into consideration in field studies on in bioassays were evaluated. Regarding concentration, the element which differed the most with respect to the control group was K, while Mg was the only one which showed no significant statistical difference with the control group. The group exposed to ternary mixture was the one in which there were more alterations in concentration and distribution of these macrominerals with respect to control, whereas in the group exposed to single Cd no significant differences in the concentration of these inorganic elements were found. The concentration and distribution of macrominerals in the compartments studied (digestive gland, gill and remaining soft tissues) is susceptible to the presence of Cd and heavy metal Cd-mixtures, with percentages of changes until 28.7%. Study results suggest that macrominerals composition in mussel tissues could be useful in studies of heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123359146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3056
Bernardita Campos, M. Landaeta
The objectives of this research were to estimate the abundance of the main groups of planktonic mollusks (meroplanktonic larvae, holoplanktonic gastropods and cephalopod paralarvae), and relate these groups to the physical-chemical water properties along a longitudinal gradient between Caldera, on the coast of mainland Chile, and the Easter Island ecoregion (Rapa Nui Island and Salas y Gómez Island), in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Plankton samples were collected over the course of the CIMAR 21-Islas Cruise, from October to November 2015, at 33 oceanographic stations via vertical hauls of a WP2 net (180-µm mesh size) from a maximum depth of 300 m to the sea surface. Mollusks were sorted, counted and initially assigned to Class rank, later being identified to lower taxonomic ranks. Planktonic mollusks were obtained at all stations, and were composed of 92.7% of Gastropoda and 7.3% of Bivalvia. The total abundance of mollusks varied between 55 and 4,922 individuals 100 m-3.Euthecosomate gastropods exhibited the highest occurrence within the oceanic area. Meanwhile, no paralarvae were captured. Differences in the composition of planktonic mollusks between the continental and oceanic zones were evident. Bivalve larvae increased their abundance in warmer, salty and vertically mixed waters. These results are the first record of meroplanktonic mollusks in waters near the Chilean oceanic islands, and suggest that planktonic mollusks display spatial variation at the scale of the South Pacific Basin, which could be related to the hydrographic conditions and the water column structure.
本研究的目的是估计浮游软体动物主要类群(meroplankton幼虫、全浮游腹足类和头足类幼虫)的丰度，并将这些类群与智利大陆海岸Caldera和东南太平洋复活节岛生态区(Rapa Nui岛和Salas y Gómez岛)之间的纵向梯度的物理化学水性质联系起来。在2015年10月至11月期间，CIMAR 21-Islas巡航期间，通过垂直拖拽WP2网(网目尺寸180微米)从最大深度300米到海面，在33个海洋学站收集浮游生物样本。软体动物被分类、计数，最初被划分为类，后来被确定为较低的分类等级。各监测站均有浮游软体动物，腹足类占92.7%，双壳类占7.3%。100 m-3的软体动物总丰度在55 ~ 4922只之间。真软体腹足类在海洋区域的发生率最高。同时，没有捕获任何幼虫。浮游软体动物的组成在大陆带和海洋带之间的差异是明显的。双壳类幼虫在温暖、咸水和垂直混合水域的丰度增加。这些结果是智利海洋岛屿附近海域浮游软体动物的首次记录，表明浮游软体动物在南太平洋盆地尺度上表现出空间差异，这可能与水文条件和水柱结构有关。
{"title":"Distribution and abundance of planktonic mollusks along a longitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Pacific off Chile","authors":"Bernardita Campos, M. Landaeta","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3056","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this research were to estimate the abundance of the main groups of planktonic mollusks (meroplanktonic larvae, holoplanktonic gastropods and cephalopod paralarvae), and relate these groups to the physical-chemical water properties along a longitudinal gradient between Caldera, on the coast of mainland Chile, and the Easter Island ecoregion (Rapa Nui Island and Salas y Gómez Island), in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Plankton samples were collected over the course of the CIMAR 21-Islas Cruise, from October to November 2015, at 33 oceanographic stations via vertical hauls of a WP2 net (180-µm mesh size) from a maximum depth of 300 m to the sea surface. Mollusks were sorted, counted and initially assigned to Class rank, later being identified to lower taxonomic ranks. Planktonic mollusks were obtained at all stations, and were composed of 92.7% of Gastropoda and 7.3% of Bivalvia. The total abundance of mollusks varied between 55 and 4,922 individuals 100 m-3.Euthecosomate gastropods exhibited the highest occurrence within the oceanic area. Meanwhile, no paralarvae were captured. Differences in the composition of planktonic mollusks between the continental and oceanic zones were evident. Bivalve larvae increased their abundance in warmer, salty and vertically mixed waters. These results are the first record of meroplanktonic mollusks in waters near the Chilean oceanic islands, and suggest that planktonic mollusks display spatial variation at the scale of the South Pacific Basin, which could be related to the hydrographic conditions and the water column structure.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3058
Jhon Dionicio-Acedo, A. Cabrera-Simon, Maryandrea Rosado-Salazar, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde
Based on methodologies currently used in commercial hatcheries, four thermic treatments were compared to induce the gametes expulsion of Argopecten purpuratus. The treatments evaluated included: 1) gradual increase in temperature, 2) gradual decrease, 3) 5 °C thermal-shock, 4) 10 °C thermal-shock and 5) control at constant temperature 16 °C. After induction, the number of fertilized oocytes in each treatment was estimated. The results show that a gradual increase in temperature between 16 and 26 °C causes a significantly higher proportion of fertilized oocytes compared to other treatments.
{"title":"Optimización del tratamiento térmico para la inducción al desove de Argopecten purpuratus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)","authors":"Jhon Dionicio-Acedo, A. Cabrera-Simon, Maryandrea Rosado-Salazar, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde","doi":"10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2021.56.2.3058","url":null,"abstract":"Based on methodologies currently used in commercial hatcheries, four thermic treatments were compared to induce the gametes expulsion of Argopecten purpuratus. The treatments evaluated included: 1) gradual increase in temperature, 2) gradual decrease, 3) 5 °C thermal-shock, 4) 10 °C thermal-shock and 5) control at constant temperature 16 °C. After induction, the number of fertilized oocytes in each treatment was estimated. The results show that a gradual increase in temperature between 16 and 26 °C causes a significantly higher proportion of fertilized oocytes compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114603226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.22370/RBMO.2021.56.1.2796
Eduardo Hernández-Miranda, Rodrigo Veas, M. C. Krautz, Filoromo San Martín, R. A. Quiñones
Las características ecológicas de la macrofauna bentónica, la convierten en un buen indicador para evaluar los efectos de perturbaciones antropogénicas (e.g., acuicultura, emisarios submarinos, etc.) sobre los ecosistemas marinos. La normativa chilena aplicable a monitoreos ambientales establece que su caracterización debe realizarse utilizando tamices de 1.000 µm de abertura. Con el objetivo de evaluar la pérdida de información en composición y abundancia de las especies al utilizar este tamiz respecto de uno de 500 µm, se realizaron muestreos submareales en invierno y verano del 2018 en 5 áreas del Golfo de Arauco, Chile central. El muestreo y análisis consistió en: (i) cernido en tamiz de 1.000 µm, reteniendo los organismos que traspasan este tamiz en uno de 500 µm, (ii) identificación de los organismos retenidos en ambos tamices hasta el nivel taxonómico más bajo posible y, (iii) comparación de la macrofauna entre tamices, períodos y áreas de muestreo, utilizando estadística univariada y multivariada. A partir de los análisis se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura comunitaria de la macrofauna entre tamices, áreas y periodos de muestreo. Los índices AMBI y W, utilizados como bio-indicadores comunitarios, también identifican diferencias significativas entre tamices. Los resultados señalan que, si bien el uso de un tamiz de 1.000 µm permite identificar diferencias espaciales y temporales en la macrofauna, con su uso se subestima el nivel de impacto detectado por los bio-indicadores comunitarios. Por tal razón, se recomienda utilizar un tamiz de 500 µm si el objetivo es evaluar impactos antropogénicos en el ambiente marino, especialmente en líneas de base, caracterizaciones preliminares de sitio para la acuicultura y programas de vigilancia ambiental. Toda la información, debiera, además, ser integrada mediante herramientas estadísticas multivariadas, capaces de incorporar en conjunto los antecedentes biológicos y ambientales recopilados en el área de estudio.
{"title":"Efecto del tamaño de tamiz en la caracterización de la macrofauna marina bentónica: Implicancias para su uso en líneas de base, caracterizaciones preliminares de sitios para la acuicultura y monitoreos ambientales en Chile","authors":"Eduardo Hernández-Miranda, Rodrigo Veas, M. C. Krautz, Filoromo San Martín, R. A. Quiñones","doi":"10.22370/RBMO.2021.56.1.2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/RBMO.2021.56.1.2796","url":null,"abstract":"Las características ecológicas de la macrofauna bentónica, la convierten en un buen indicador para evaluar los efectos de perturbaciones antropogénicas (e.g., acuicultura, emisarios submarinos, etc.) sobre los ecosistemas marinos. La normativa chilena aplicable a monitoreos ambientales establece que su caracterización debe realizarse utilizando tamices de 1.000 µm de abertura. Con el objetivo de evaluar la pérdida de información en composición y abundancia de las especies al utilizar este tamiz respecto de uno de 500 µm, se realizaron muestreos submareales en invierno y verano del 2018 en 5 áreas del Golfo de Arauco, Chile central. El muestreo y análisis consistió en: (i) cernido en tamiz de 1.000 µm, reteniendo los organismos que traspasan este tamiz en uno de 500 µm, (ii) identificación de los organismos retenidos en ambos tamices hasta el nivel taxonómico más bajo posible y, (iii) comparación de la macrofauna entre tamices, períodos y áreas de muestreo, utilizando estadística univariada y multivariada. A partir de los análisis se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura comunitaria de la macrofauna entre tamices, áreas y periodos de muestreo. Los índices AMBI y W, utilizados como bio-indicadores comunitarios, también identifican diferencias significativas entre tamices. Los resultados señalan que, si bien el uso de un tamiz de 1.000 µm permite identificar diferencias espaciales y temporales en la macrofauna, con su uso se subestima el nivel de impacto detectado por los bio-indicadores comunitarios. Por tal razón, se recomienda utilizar un tamiz de 500 µm si el objetivo es evaluar impactos antropogénicos en el ambiente marino, especialmente en líneas de base, caracterizaciones preliminares de sitio para la acuicultura y programas de vigilancia ambiental. Toda la información, debiera, además, ser integrada mediante herramientas estadísticas multivariadas, capaces de incorporar en conjunto los antecedentes biológicos y ambientales recopilados en el área de estudio.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130217554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-09DOI: 10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2582
Julio Salcedo-Castro, Américo Montiel, Katherine Barría
Se estimó por primera vez el flujo y balance de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto y fósforo inorgánico disuelto en el Seno Gallegos (Cordillera Darwin). Además, se evaluó la respuesta de estos procesos bajo dos condiciones de pluviosidad, una por sobre y por debajo el promedio local histórico. Para estimar el flujo y balance de los nutrientes, se utilizó un modelo LOICZ de dos capas. Los datos primarios de concentración de nitrógeno y fósforo fueron obtenidos de muestras de agua, las cuales fueron recolectadas durante otoño, invierno y primavera del 2010 en el Seno Gallegos. En la capa superficial del Seno Gallegos el balance de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto mostró un consumo y salida de nutrientes. Mientras que el flujo vertical es predominantemente desde la capa profunda hacia la superficial. El balance fósforo del Seno Gallegos fue negativo para la capa superior y positivo en la capa profunda. Bajo una condición de mayor pluviosidad, el balance y flujo de nutrientes se vería intensificado, junto con un incremento de la fijación de nitrógeno y metabolismo neto. Mientras que, bajo una condición de menor pluviosidad, estos procesos se verían disminuidos. Dada la relación directa entre las variaciones del volumen de hielo glaciar y las áreas marinas proglaciales, estas últimas son altamente sensibles al cambio climático, por lo que mayores estudios sobre estas áreas son de gran importancia para entender las fuerzas que gobiernan estos ecosistemas estuarinos fríos.
{"title":"Balance LOICZ de nitrógeno y fósforo para un área marina proglacial: Influencia de la variación pluviométrica en el flujo de nutrientes","authors":"Julio Salcedo-Castro, Américo Montiel, Katherine Barría","doi":"10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2582","url":null,"abstract":"Se estimó por primera vez el flujo y balance de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto y fósforo inorgánico disuelto en el Seno Gallegos (Cordillera Darwin). Además, se evaluó la respuesta de estos procesos bajo dos condiciones de pluviosidad, una por sobre y por debajo el promedio local histórico. Para estimar el flujo y balance de los nutrientes, se utilizó un modelo LOICZ de dos capas. Los datos primarios de concentración de nitrógeno y fósforo fueron obtenidos de muestras de agua, las cuales fueron recolectadas durante otoño, invierno y primavera del 2010 en el Seno Gallegos. En la capa superficial del Seno Gallegos el balance de nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto mostró un consumo y salida de nutrientes. Mientras que el flujo vertical es predominantemente desde la capa profunda hacia la superficial. El balance fósforo del Seno Gallegos fue negativo para la capa superior y positivo en la capa profunda. Bajo una condición de mayor pluviosidad, el balance y flujo de nutrientes se vería intensificado, junto con un incremento de la fijación de nitrógeno y metabolismo neto. Mientras que, bajo una condición de menor pluviosidad, estos procesos se verían disminuidos. Dada la relación directa entre las variaciones del volumen de hielo glaciar y las áreas marinas proglaciales, estas últimas son altamente sensibles al cambio climático, por lo que mayores estudios sobre estas áreas son de gran importancia para entender las fuerzas que gobiernan estos ecosistemas estuarinos fríos.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-09DOI: 10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2586
Jorge Sánchez, Carlos Canales-Cerro, Daly Noll, Diego Safian, Juan Manuel Delgado Estrada
Uno de los principales problemas en la acuicultura es el estrés al que se pueden ver sometidas las especies en cultivo, por esto el desarrollo de técnicas alternativas para minimizar el estrés son de gran ayuda. Tegula atra es un gastrópodo que habita en el submareal e intermareal, con importancia económica local y debido a su conducta herbívora, se planteó la hipótesis que esta especie puede ser útil en el control del crecimiento de macroalgas en los estanques, mediante cultivo mixto. En el presente estudio, se midió el porcentaje de ramoneo, la conducta respiratoria y excreción de desechos nitrogenados de tres clases de talla de T. atra, las cuales se mantuvieron en estanques con Paralichthys adspersus. Los ejemplares de mayor talla de T. atra (Clase 3) fueron los más eficientes en términos de consumo de algas, dentro de un período de 24 horas. Los organismos pertenecientes a las clases de tallas pequeñas y grandes (Clase 1 y Clase 3), consumieron mayor cantidad de oxígeno dentro de un periodo de 120 min. Finalmente, los organismos de menor talla (Clase 1) fueron los que emitieron la mayor cantidad de desechos nitrogenados, en un período de 120 min. Dado que, la capacidad ramoneadora fue mayor en los ejemplares de talla superior (Clase 3), éstos podrían ser los candidatos ideales para el policultivo, sin embargo, al considerar la respirometría, los animales de talla media (Clase 2), serían óptimos, por su bajo consumo de O₂ y menor excreción de NH3, generando un menor impacto negativo en la calidad del agua. Futuros estudios debieran evaluar los posibles impactos negativos a nivel fisiológico que pueda tener la presencia de T. atra, sobre sus cohabitantes.
{"title":"Potencial de Tegula atra (Mollusca: Gastropoda) como biorregulador del crecimiento de algas en estanques de cultivo de lenguado Paralichthys adspersus","authors":"Jorge Sánchez, Carlos Canales-Cerro, Daly Noll, Diego Safian, Juan Manuel Delgado Estrada","doi":"10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22370/RBMO.2020.55.3.2586","url":null,"abstract":"Uno de los principales problemas en la acuicultura es el estrés al que se pueden ver sometidas las especies en cultivo, por esto el desarrollo de técnicas alternativas para minimizar el estrés son de gran ayuda. Tegula atra es un gastrópodo que habita en el submareal e intermareal, con importancia económica local y debido a su conducta herbívora, se planteó la hipótesis que esta especie puede ser útil en el control del crecimiento de macroalgas en los estanques, mediante cultivo mixto. En el presente estudio, se midió el porcentaje de ramoneo, la conducta respiratoria y excreción de desechos nitrogenados de tres clases de talla de T. atra, las cuales se mantuvieron en estanques con Paralichthys adspersus. Los ejemplares de mayor talla de T. atra (Clase 3) fueron los más eficientes en términos de consumo de algas, dentro de un período de 24 horas. Los organismos pertenecientes a las clases de tallas pequeñas y grandes (Clase 1 y Clase 3), consumieron mayor cantidad de oxígeno dentro de un periodo de 120 min. Finalmente, los organismos de menor talla (Clase 1) fueron los que emitieron la mayor cantidad de desechos nitrogenados, en un período de 120 min. Dado que, la capacidad ramoneadora fue mayor en los ejemplares de talla superior (Clase 3), éstos podrían ser los candidatos ideales para el policultivo, sin embargo, al considerar la respirometría, los animales de talla media (Clase 2), serían óptimos, por su bajo consumo de O₂ y menor excreción de NH3, generando un menor impacto negativo en la calidad del agua. Futuros estudios debieran evaluar los posibles impactos negativos a nivel fisiológico que pueda tener la presencia de T. atra, sobre sus cohabitantes.","PeriodicalId":347046,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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