In this paper a new type of device in considered - the gyroresonating device with modulation of electron emission. In conventional gyrodevices electron bunching occurs due to the relativistic changing of electron mass. However, if in a gyrotron or gyroklystron the cathode in placed in a RF field of the resonator, this will result in emission modulation and the electron bunches will be created right on the cathode. The emission modulation is especially effective in devices with field emission. A flat diode model with a magnetic slanting static field is used to investigate the interaction of electron bunches with electromagnetic RF field. This model describes in a unified way the conventional diode, the gyroresonance mode and the flat magnetron with a transverse RF field. Neglecting the space charge allowed to obtain analytical solutions and compare the efficiency of beam-field interaction in the above cases.
{"title":"Investigation of physical principles and characteristics of gyrodevices with emission modulation","authors":"V. A. Solntsev","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787902","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new type of device in considered - the gyroresonating device with modulation of electron emission. In conventional gyrodevices electron bunching occurs due to the relativistic changing of electron mass. However, if in a gyrotron or gyroklystron the cathode in placed in a RF field of the resonator, this will result in emission modulation and the electron bunches will be created right on the cathode. The emission modulation is especially effective in devices with field emission. A flat diode model with a magnetic slanting static field is used to investigate the interaction of electron bunches with electromagnetic RF field. This model describes in a unified way the conventional diode, the gyroresonance mode and the flat magnetron with a transverse RF field. Neglecting the space charge allowed to obtain analytical solutions and compare the efficiency of beam-field interaction in the above cases.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133604253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pavelyev, V. A. Flyagin, V.I. Khizhnak, V. Manuilov, V. Zapevalov
Some results of experimental testing of the 140 GHz/ 1,5 MW coaxial gyrotron (Russian version of the joint Russian-German coaxial gyrotron) with a lower level of ohmic losses in the cavity are presented and some nearest plans concerning the development of coaxial gyrotrons at IAP RAS are outlined. The report presents also the project of the future superpower coaxial gyrotrons with an acceptable (for CW-regime) level of the heat load density.
{"title":"Investigation of advanced coaxial gyrotrons at IAP RAS","authors":"A. Pavelyev, V. A. Flyagin, V.I. Khizhnak, V. Manuilov, V. Zapevalov","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787901","url":null,"abstract":"Some results of experimental testing of the 140 GHz/ 1,5 MW coaxial gyrotron (Russian version of the joint Russian-German coaxial gyrotron) with a lower level of ohmic losses in the cavity are presented and some nearest plans concerning the development of coaxial gyrotrons at IAP RAS are outlined. The report presents also the project of the future superpower coaxial gyrotrons with an acceptable (for CW-regime) level of the heat load density.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114448783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Operating of Ultra High Frequency Electron Vacuum Tubes (UHF EVT) could be essentially bound to intensive skin-currents on electrodes surfaces restricting working vacuum volume. It is known that thus the skin-current effect of fast desorption (FD) (previous than thermal) of positive or negatively ionized atoms and neutral as well from a surface of metal are possible. The receipt of the formed streams of particles in an interaction space and active working medium of the device could affect on properties of this medium and parameters of the device as a whole, and represents from this point of view considerable research interest. We represent here results of complex experimental research.
{"title":"Skin-current effects on particle production in ultra high frequency vacuum devices","authors":"O. Tsybin, M. Mishin","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787942","url":null,"abstract":"Operating of Ultra High Frequency Electron Vacuum Tubes (UHF EVT) could be essentially bound to intensive skin-currents on electrodes surfaces restricting working vacuum volume. It is known that thus the skin-current effect of fast desorption (FD) (previous than thermal) of positive or negatively ionized atoms and neutral as well from a surface of metal are possible. The receipt of the formed streams of particles in an interaction space and active working medium of the device could affect on properties of this medium and parameters of the device as a whole, and represents from this point of view considerable research interest. We represent here results of complex experimental research.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115252784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main fields of FDTD method application are discussed, as follows: Antenna simulation and design, calculation of near-zone and far zone fields; scattering of electromagnetic waves and calculating RCS pattern; microwave circuit simulation; optoelectronic devices and optical fiber simulation; microwave power electron devices and accelerator analysis; plasma analysis; solving of biomedical problems and calculation of SAR patterns; and identification of hidden objects in water and soil.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of transient electromagnetic field. State-of-art","authors":"A. Grigoriev","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787931","url":null,"abstract":"The main fields of FDTD method application are discussed, as follows: Antenna simulation and design, calculation of near-zone and far zone fields; scattering of electromagnetic waves and calculating RCS pattern; microwave circuit simulation; optoelectronic devices and optical fiber simulation; microwave power electron devices and accelerator analysis; plasma analysis; solving of biomedical problems and calculation of SAR patterns; and identification of hidden objects in water and soil.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123218126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The geometrized theory of dense electron beams is the newest part of contemporary corpuscular optics which includes the problems of non-paraxial relativistic beams synthesis, the questions of approximate solution construction and geometrized beam equations numerical integration.
{"title":"Geometrized theory of relativistic electron beams","authors":"V. A. Syrovoy","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787939","url":null,"abstract":"The geometrized theory of dense electron beams is the newest part of contemporary corpuscular optics which includes the problems of non-paraxial relativistic beams synthesis, the questions of approximate solution construction and geometrized beam equations numerical integration.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is devoted to the development of an X-band pulse amplifying klystron with a power output level of about 15 kW in a 5% operating bandwidth on the basis of a multibarrel design.
本文研究了一种x波段脉冲放大速调管的研制，该速调管在5%的工作带宽下输出功率约为15kw。
{"title":"X-band high-power broadband low-voltage multi-beam klystron amplifier with two-barrel design","authors":"A.A. Touv","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787884","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to the development of an X-band pulse amplifying klystron with a power output level of about 15 kW in a 5% operating bandwidth on the basis of a multibarrel design.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130547291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer simulation of electromagnetic structures in three dimensions is at present the usual way to obtain the most important information about the field distribution in the parts of microwave devices where measurements give incorrect results. The intent of this work is to show the kinds of calculations that are currently being performed in the frequency domain using the ISFEL3D, a set of finite-element codes developed for the computer-aided design of fully three-dimensional electromagnetic structures in the frequency domain.
{"title":"Application of the code ISFEL3D for three-dimensional RF structure calculations","authors":"S. Silaev","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787973","url":null,"abstract":"Computer simulation of electromagnetic structures in three dimensions is at present the usual way to obtain the most important information about the field distribution in the parts of microwave devices where measurements give incorrect results. The intent of this work is to show the kinds of calculations that are currently being performed in the frequency domain using the ISFEL3D, a set of finite-element codes developed for the computer-aided design of fully three-dimensional electromagnetic structures in the frequency domain.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131102192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sominski, T.A. Tumareva, A. S. Polyakov, K.K. Zabello
High chemical inertness of carbon materials and their stability upon ion bombardment makes them attractive for vacuum microwave devices. However, high work function of carbon, as well as technological difficulties of pure coverage and ordered structure formation prevent the creation of carbon field emitters, Only few investigations are known where attempts to create emission sources made of carbon or carbon containing coverages were performed. The present work deals with field emitters covered with molecules of C/sub 60/ and emitters made from carbon fibers. The results showed that the regularities of carbon containing coverage formation by means of fullerene molecule adsorption. The expediency to form a distributed structure consisting of the small microcluster was shown to give stable emission under acceptable voltages. The possibility to create a single tip emitter covered by carbon was discovered. Such an emitter with micron diameter secured a current of more than 100 /spl mu/A under the operating voltage /spl sim/15 kV in static regime. The nonordered multi-tip field emitter based on carbon fiber was also realized.
{"title":"Field emitters with carbon containing coverages and based on carbon fibers: possibilities of creation and use in microwave electronics","authors":"G. Sominski, T.A. Tumareva, A. S. Polyakov, K.K. Zabello","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787951","url":null,"abstract":"High chemical inertness of carbon materials and their stability upon ion bombardment makes them attractive for vacuum microwave devices. However, high work function of carbon, as well as technological difficulties of pure coverage and ordered structure formation prevent the creation of carbon field emitters, Only few investigations are known where attempts to create emission sources made of carbon or carbon containing coverages were performed. The present work deals with field emitters covered with molecules of C/sub 60/ and emitters made from carbon fibers. The results showed that the regularities of carbon containing coverage formation by means of fullerene molecule adsorption. The expediency to form a distributed structure consisting of the small microcluster was shown to give stable emission under acceptable voltages. The possibility to create a single tip emitter covered by carbon was discovered. Such an emitter with micron diameter secured a current of more than 100 /spl mu/A under the operating voltage /spl sim/15 kV in static regime. The nonordered multi-tip field emitter based on carbon fiber was also realized.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121630293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last few decades in Russia broadband microwave amplifiers based on the multi-beam klystron with packed permanent magnet focusing system have gained a wide acceptance. The traditional arrangement of the transit channels with their centers to be located on the concentric circles has a substantial disadvantage-the complicated heat removal from the inner channel rows. This problem shows itself in the klystrons with packed reverse magnet system, where up to 20% of the electron flow power is deposited in the space of the last pole piece. The effective solution of this problem is to locate the transit channel centers in one or two linear rows; it means their linear arrangement. In this report the electrodynamics system (EDS) of the broad decimeter band klystron with transit channel linear arrangement and the output power up to some tens of kW in continuous operating regime is considered. The pole pieces of this klystron had rectangular form and the magnets are arranged over the long side of the pole pieces, so the reverse magnet focusing system (RMFS) was not axial but plane symmetric.
{"title":"The electrodynamics system for the multi-beam, broadband, continuously operating klystron with focusing system of plan symmetry and linear arrangement of the transit channels","authors":"M. Vorobyev, I.A. Freydovich","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787975","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few decades in Russia broadband microwave amplifiers based on the multi-beam klystron with packed permanent magnet focusing system have gained a wide acceptance. The traditional arrangement of the transit channels with their centers to be located on the concentric circles has a substantial disadvantage-the complicated heat removal from the inner channel rows. This problem shows itself in the klystrons with packed reverse magnet system, where up to 20% of the electron flow power is deposited in the space of the last pole piece. The effective solution of this problem is to locate the transit channel centers in one or two linear rows; it means their linear arrangement. In this report the electrodynamics system (EDS) of the broad decimeter band klystron with transit channel linear arrangement and the output power up to some tens of kW in continuous operating regime is considered. The pole pieces of this klystron had rectangular form and the magnets are arranged over the long side of the pole pieces, so the reverse magnet focusing system (RMFS) was not axial but plane symmetric.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127221258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we present the development of a fast time-scale analysis for gyrotron simulation, which is believed to be as rigorous as the PIC codes approach, but which is more efficient especially in the case of an azimuthally non-homogeneous electromagnetic field. An accurate representation of the electromagnetic field is obtained by expanding the field components in terms of the solenoidal and the irrotational eigenfunctions of the equivalent completely closed cavity. The use of the modal expansion method reduces the boundary value problem for the field components to solving a linear system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) for the expansion coefficients. A convolution method together with analytic expressions in time-domain of the characteristic impedances of the waveguide modes at the apertures of the cavity are applied to formulate accurately the time-dependent boundary condition at the apertures.
{"title":"Fast time-scale computation of gyrotrons using time-domain modal analysis","authors":"A. Grudiev, J. Jelonnek, K. Schunemann","doi":"10.1109/UHF.1999.787894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UHF.1999.787894","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the development of a fast time-scale analysis for gyrotron simulation, which is believed to be as rigorous as the PIC codes approach, but which is more efficient especially in the case of an azimuthally non-homogeneous electromagnetic field. An accurate representation of the electromagnetic field is obtained by expanding the field components in terms of the solenoidal and the irrotational eigenfunctions of the equivalent completely closed cavity. The use of the modal expansion method reduces the boundary value problem for the field components to solving a linear system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) for the expansion coefficients. A convolution method together with analytic expressions in time-domain of the characteristic impedances of the waveguide modes at the apertures of the cavity are applied to formulate accurately the time-dependent boundary condition at the apertures.","PeriodicalId":348319,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings International University Conference 'Electronics and Radiophysics of Ultra-High Frequencies' (Cat. No.99EX356)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128620542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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