Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.7.4(51)
S. Tishkov, A. Shcherbak, V. Karginova-Gubinova, A. Volkov, A. Tleppayev, A. Pakhomova
The paper overviews Russian and foreign studies on renewable energy. In view of some economic and environmental premises, namely depletion of the traditional energy sources and growing costs of their exploitation, a new alley is being paved in scientific literature and global practices for displacing traditional energy resources and providing for a substantial contribution of renewable sources to total energy consumption. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine what role renewable energy will play in the socio-economic security of territories, to identify the potential and possible applications of renewable energy. The main tasks for the study were to: identify the socio-economic implications of the transition from traditional to renewable energy sources, study the foreign experience of implementing renewable energy policies, estimate the potential and evaluate the prospects for renewable energy with the focus on rural northern regions. The potential for renewable energy market growth in Russia was estimated, specifically for the Northwestern macro-region. To provide for socio-economic security, the energy policy being developed must have an environmental and economic orientation. Primary focus in the development of renewable energy sources should be on peripheral regions, which have no electrical grids of their own and are energy deficient.
{"title":"Assessment the Role of Renewable Energy in Socio-Economic Development of Rural and Arctic Regions","authors":"S. Tishkov, A. Shcherbak, V. Karginova-Gubinova, A. Volkov, A. Tleppayev, A. Pakhomova","doi":"10.9770/jesi.2020.7.4(51)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.7.4(51)","url":null,"abstract":"The paper overviews Russian and foreign studies on renewable energy. In view of some economic and environmental premises, namely depletion of the traditional energy sources and growing costs of their exploitation, a new alley is being paved in scientific literature and global practices for displacing traditional energy resources and providing for a substantial contribution of renewable sources to total energy consumption. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine what role renewable energy will play in the socio-economic security of territories, to identify the potential and possible applications of renewable energy. The main tasks for the study were to: identify the socio-economic implications of the transition from traditional to renewable energy sources, study the foreign experience of implementing renewable energy policies, estimate the potential and evaluate the prospects for renewable energy with the focus on rural northern regions. The potential for renewable energy market growth in Russia was estimated, specifically for the Northwestern macro-region. To provide for socio-economic security, the energy policy being developed must have an environmental and economic orientation. Primary focus in the development of renewable energy sources should be on peripheral regions, which have no electrical grids of their own and are energy deficient.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130800773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keller et al have reported that the complete electrification of road transportation in British Columbia is possible and that incorporating a requirement that the additional electricity supply required be 93% renewable in nature is also possible and increases the perceived benefits. While their logic is impeccable, it is founded on naive, simplistic, or just false assumptions. Consideration of the corrected or realistic assumptions invalidates all the conclusions of the paper. The faulty premises underlying Keller et al will have serious socio-economic consequences for the people of British Columbia if no further critical assessment of their proposals is undertaken by policymakers.
{"title":"False Assumptions: A Critique of Keller et al (2019) on BC Vehicle Electrification","authors":"Kent Zehr","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3536476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3536476","url":null,"abstract":"Keller et al have reported that the complete electrification of road transportation in British Columbia is possible and that incorporating a requirement that the additional electricity supply required be 93% renewable in nature is also possible and increases the perceived benefits. While their logic is impeccable, it is founded on naive, simplistic, or just false assumptions. Consideration of the corrected or realistic assumptions invalidates all the conclusions of the paper. The faulty premises underlying Keller et al will have serious socio-economic consequences for the people of British Columbia if no further critical assessment of their proposals is undertaken by policymakers.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133116023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The variability of solar and wind generation increases transmission network operating costs associated with maintaining system stability. These ancillary services costs are likely to increase as a share of total energy costs in regions with ambitious renewable energy targets. We examine how efficient deployment of intermittent renewable generation capacity across locations depends on the costs of balancing real-time system demand and supply. We then show how locational marginal network tariffs can be designed to implement the efficient outcome for intermittent renewable generation unit location decisions. We demonstrate the practical applicability of this approach by applying our theory to obtain quantitative results for the California electricity market.
{"title":"Locational Marginal Network Tariffs for Intermittent Renewable Generation","authors":"Thomas P. Tangerås, F. Wolak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3495488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3495488","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of solar and wind generation increases transmission network operating costs associated with maintaining system stability. These ancillary services costs are likely to increase as a share of total energy costs in regions with ambitious renewable energy targets. We examine how efficient deployment of intermittent renewable generation capacity across locations depends on the costs of balancing real-time system demand and supply. We then show how locational marginal network tariffs can be designed to implement the efficient outcome for intermittent renewable generation unit location decisions. We demonstrate the practical applicability of this approach by applying our theory to obtain quantitative results for the California electricity market.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125918775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this paper is to assess the optimal choice of a household in California, United States, in terms of their decision if and when to undertake a certain investment in a residential scale, grid-connected, solar photovoltaic system, in order to obtain savings in their monthly expenditures in electricity. This irreversible option is then defined, mainly, by the initial cost of the solar PV system. For this purpose, Real Options Analysis is deployed to assess this investment opportunity for the household. This approach allows determining not only whether the investments should be undertaken or not, but also the optimal timing to do so. Results show it is optimal for a Californian household to invest in a photovoltaic system, however, some delay might be advised depending on the energy production factor of specific areas, and the expected useful life of the equipment. Furthermore, government intervention influencing subsidies and energy prices has a major effect in the length of such delay.
{"title":"What are You Waiting to Invest? Long-Term Investment in Grid-Connected Residential Solar Energy in California. A Real Options Analysis.","authors":"Carlos Vargas, M. Chesney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3231984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3231984","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to assess the optimal choice of a household in California, United States, in terms of their decision if and when to undertake a certain investment in a residential scale, grid-connected, solar photovoltaic system, in order to obtain savings in their monthly expenditures in electricity. This irreversible option is then defined, mainly, by the initial cost of the solar PV system. For this purpose, Real Options Analysis is deployed to assess this investment opportunity for the household. This approach allows determining not only whether the investments should be undertaken or not, but also the optimal timing to do so. Results show it is optimal for a Californian household to invest in a photovoltaic system, however, some delay might be advised depending on the energy production factor of specific areas, and the expected useful life of the equipment. Furthermore, government intervention influencing subsidies and energy prices has a major effect in the length of such delay.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134397571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy generation at the point of consumption (i.e., distributed generation) reduces consumer’s electricity expenditure, and eliminates the cost, complexity, and inefficiency associated with power transmission and distribution. In this paper, we address the problem of how a consumer should invest in distributed renewable generation to minimize the total expected cost of meeting his electricity demand. In contrast to the existing literature that focuses on grid-connected, large scale investments in renewable power generation in the wholesale electricity market, we address investment in stand-alone, distributed renewable energy by an individual consumer who participates in a regulated, retail electricity market. We formulate an infinite horizon, continuous-time model in which the utility moves first, and announces a retail electricity rate. Each consumer then acts strategically in deciding if, when, and how much distributed generation capacity to install. We find the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium of this dynamic Stackelberg game by first deriving the consumer’s optimal investment time and the resulting optimal capacity of his installed distributed generation. Using those results, we quantify the ensuing cost savings to the consumer, which average over 22% across a range of model parameters. Next, we evaluate the impact of consumer’s investment in renewable energy on the revenue of his electric utility, and arrive at the structure of the pricing policy that maximizes that revenue. We quantify the revenue increase available to the utility from following this revenue-maximizing pricing when serving either a single consumer or multiple heterogeneous consumers, and find that it averages over 10% in our numerical studies.
{"title":"Distributed Renewable Power Generation and Implications for Capacity Investment and Electricity Prices","authors":"Alexandar Angelus","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3172207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3172207","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy generation at the point of consumption (i.e., distributed generation) reduces<br>consumer’s electricity expenditure, and eliminates the cost, complexity, and inefficiency associated<br>with power transmission and distribution. In this paper, we address the problem of how a<br>consumer should invest in distributed renewable generation to minimize the total expected cost<br>of meeting his electricity demand. In contrast to the existing literature that focuses on grid-connected, large scale investments in renewable power generation in the wholesale electricity<br>market, we address investment in stand-alone, distributed renewable energy by an individual<br>consumer who participates in a regulated, retail electricity market. We formulate an infinite horizon,<br>continuous-time model in which the utility moves first, and announces a retail electricity<br>rate. Each consumer then acts strategically in deciding if, when, and how much distributed<br>generation capacity to install. We find the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium of this dynamic<br>Stackelberg game by first deriving the consumer’s optimal investment time and the resulting<br>optimal capacity of his installed distributed generation. Using those results, we quantify the ensuing<br>cost savings to the consumer, which average over 22% across a range of model parameters.<br>Next, we evaluate the impact of consumer’s investment in renewable energy on the revenue of<br>his electric utility, and arrive at the structure of the pricing policy that maximizes that revenue.<br>We quantify the revenue increase available to the utility from following this revenue-maximizing<br>pricing when serving either a single consumer or multiple heterogeneous consumers, and find<br>that it averages over 10% in our numerical studies.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133275838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biodiesel programme introduced by the Government of India in the beginning of this century represents a unique case of the development of numerous sustainable entrepreneurs, substantial employment generation for the poor and reduction of carbon footprints without compromising food security and thus promote equity and social justice. It is estimated that a 20% biofuel blending through domestic feedstock production would create 6.37 million sustainable entrepreneurs and185.15 million man-days per year by 2020. Given the availability of wasteland in the country this target is achievable. The two most important factors that restrained the success of the programme are the uncertainties in yield and seed prices for the farmers. As the domestic price of petroleum is linked to global crude price, any decline in the price of crude in the world market would reduce the feedstock prices in the local market. It therefore requires fixing minimum support prices for seeds and stabilizing yield at higher level through R&D. Given all this potential benefits and the recent trend of jobless growth in the country the programme deserves to be implemented more vigorously.
{"title":"Renewable Energy Production, Growth of Sustainable Entrepreneurs and Inclusivity: The Case of India's Biodiesel Programme","authors":"P. Biswas, J. Verma, S. Pohit","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3246532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3246532","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiesel programme introduced by the Government of India in the beginning of this century represents a unique case of the development of numerous sustainable entrepreneurs, substantial employment generation for the poor and reduction of carbon footprints without compromising food security and thus promote equity and social justice. It is estimated that a 20% biofuel blending through domestic feedstock production would create 6.37 million sustainable entrepreneurs and185.15 million man-days per year by 2020. Given the availability of wasteland in the country this target is achievable. The two most important factors that restrained the success of the programme are the uncertainties in yield and seed prices for the farmers. As the domestic price of petroleum is linked to global crude price, any decline in the price of crude in the world market would reduce the feedstock prices in the local market. It therefore requires fixing minimum support prices for seeds and stabilizing yield at higher level through R&D. Given all this potential benefits and the recent trend of jobless growth in the country the programme deserves to be implemented more vigorously.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in non-oil countries in the Middle East and North Africa (NOMENA) during the period 2000 to 2015. The Pedroni (2000) test shows that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables and the Granger causality test in VECM shows that this relationship is bidirectional in the short and long term. Thus to ensure sustainable economic growth without pollution and to reduce dependence at abroad, renewable energies can be chosen as substitutes for conventional energies in the NOMENA countries.
{"title":"Renewable Energy Consumption and Sustainable Economic Growth in Non-Oil MENA Countries","authors":"Badry Hechmy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3063111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3063111","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in non-oil countries in the Middle East and North Africa (NOMENA) during the period 2000 to 2015. The Pedroni (2000) test shows that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables and the Granger causality test in VECM shows that this relationship is bidirectional in the short and long term. Thus to ensure sustainable economic growth without pollution and to reduce dependence at abroad, renewable energies can be chosen as substitutes for conventional energies in the NOMENA countries.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124594966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contributes to explaining the recently observable acceleration in the growth of output in renewable energies, through studying the fundamental role of renewable energies in sustaining human settlement. A model of general equilibrium is introduced, based on the logic of the original production function by Cobb and Douglas, where the size of the human population in a given place at a given time is in equilibrium with the available food and energy. Empirical check provided for the model strongly suggests that renewable energies can sustain the majority of local human populations on Earth, and most countries, with the intriguing exception of China and India, can sustain significantly bigger populations than their present ones, by reorienting their economies totally to renewable energies.
{"title":"Settlement by Energy – Can Renewable Energies Sustain Our Civilisation?","authors":"Krzysztof Waśniewski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3049170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3049170","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to explaining the recently observable acceleration in the growth of output in renewable energies, through studying the fundamental role of renewable energies in sustaining human settlement. A model of general equilibrium is introduced, based on the logic of the original production function by Cobb and Douglas, where the size of the human population in a given place at a given time is in equilibrium with the available food and energy. Empirical check provided for the model strongly suggests that renewable energies can sustain the majority of local human populations on Earth, and most countries, with the intriguing exception of China and India, can sustain significantly bigger populations than their present ones, by reorienting their economies totally to renewable energies.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128765310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: В последнее время, в связи с началом развития возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ) в России, а также в связи с появлением новых технологических и экономических данных по возобновляемой энергетике, наблюдается потребность в обновлении имеющихся оценок технического и экономического потенциала ВИЭ. В данной работе для оценки выбран потенциал солнечной и ветровой энергетики – наиболее развитых в настоящее время отраслей возобновляемой энергетики. Данная работа направлена на обобщение методологических подходов к расчету валового, технического и экономического потенциала солнечной и ветровой энергетики и проведение соответствующих оценок. English Abstract: Recently, in connection with the beginning of the development of renewable energy sources in Russia, and also in connection with the emergence of new technological and economic data on renewable energy, a need to update the available estimates of the technical and economic potential of renewable energy sources arises. In this paper, the potential of solar and wind energy - currently the most developed renewable energy sectors - has been selected for assessment. This work is aimed at summarizing the methodological approaches to calculating the gross, technical and economic potential of solar and wind energy and conducting relevant assessments.
俄罗斯的Abstract:最近，随着俄罗斯可再生能源的开始和可再生能源的新技术和经济数据的出现，需要更新现有的技术和经济能力评估。这项工作选择了太阳能和风能的潜力，这是目前最发达的可再生能源部门。这项工作旨在概括计算太阳能和风能总量、技术和经济潜力的方法方法，并进行适当的评估。抽象:Recently English in connection with the beginning of the development of energy字段soll in Russia and also in connection with the涌现of new经验and economic data on energy a need to update the检索soll estimates of the technical and economic potential of energy soll字段arises。在这张纸上，《太阳与风的力量》是有史以来最具启发性的雷诺sectors - has的选择。这篇文章是关于对生长进行评估的，是关于独奏和风动力的技术和经济方面的。
{"title":"Методологические Подходы К Анализу Возможностей Развития Ветровой и Солнечной Энергетики в России (Methodological Approaches to the Analysis of the Development Opportunities for Wind and Solar Energy in Russia)","authors":"V. Barinova, V. Barinova, T. Lanshina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2957555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2957555","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В последнее время, в связи с началом развития возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ) в России, а также в связи с появлением новых технологических и экономических данных по возобновляемой энергетике, наблюдается потребность в обновлении имеющихся оценок технического и экономического потенциала ВИЭ. В данной работе для оценки выбран потенциал солнечной и ветровой энергетики – наиболее развитых в настоящее время отраслей возобновляемой энергетики. Данная работа направлена на обобщение методологических подходов к расчету валового, технического и экономического потенциала солнечной и ветровой энергетики и проведение соответствующих оценок. \u0000English Abstract: Recently, in connection with the beginning of the development of renewable energy sources in Russia, and also in connection with the emergence of new technological and economic data on renewable energy, a need to update the available estimates of the technical and economic potential of renewable energy sources arises. In this paper, the potential of solar and wind energy - currently the most developed renewable energy sectors - has been selected for assessment. This work is aimed at summarizing the methodological approaches to calculating the gross, technical and economic potential of solar and wind energy and conducting relevant assessments.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116390468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electricity generation from renewable energy sources is growing rapidly. This has resulted in lower wholesale electricity prices, but has also reduced the use of conventional generation technologies, such as coal and gas, because renewable energy generally has lower running costs. Declining demand, lower prices and lower utilisation rates have all reduced the profitability of conventional electricity generation. At the same time, flexible conventional technologies continue to play a very important role: the growing share of renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy, the output of which varies with weather conditions and from daytime to night time, requires flexible energy systems, including reliable back-up capacity, that can take the form of conventional generation, demand-response or storage, to ensure security of supply at all times.
{"title":"Renewable Entry in Liberalized Electricity Markets: Implications for Policy Design","authors":"Gerard Llobet, Jorge Padilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2932057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932057","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity generation from renewable energy sources is growing rapidly. This has resulted in lower wholesale electricity prices, but has also reduced the use of conventional generation technologies, such as coal and gas, because renewable energy generally has lower running costs. Declining demand, lower prices and lower utilisation rates have all reduced the profitability of conventional electricity generation. At the same time, flexible conventional technologies continue to play a very important role: the growing share of renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy, the output of which varies with weather conditions and from daytime to night time, requires flexible energy systems, including reliable back-up capacity, that can take the form of conventional generation, demand-response or storage, to ensure security of supply at all times.","PeriodicalId":349231,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Renewable Energy (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127319141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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