Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341529
Jianmin Li, Dolly Yang
The name Bian Que, like that of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi), has reverberated through the development of Chinese medicine since the time of the Warring States. The discovery of a human figurine showing channels and strategic points, together with a number of medical texts, during the excavation of the Laoguanshan Han tomb in Chengdu, Sichuan, in 2012–13 has reignited controversies about whether it is correct to speak of a specific Bian Que school, or whether, as this paper argues, these texts were written by the Han physicians who used Bian Que as a mouthpiece to record their own medical expositions. The paper begins by examining the main characteristics of the Laoguanshan human figurine and discusses what this excavated artifact reveals about the early history of Chinese medicine. It questions the existence of the so-called Bian Que school and, obliquely, the suggested relationships between the school and the figurine and between the school and medical texts found in the same tomb. The paper shows how diverse the disjointed knowledge of medicine was and that the idea of a “school” does not accurately reflect what was happening in the transmission of medical knowledge during the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods (475 BCE–220 CE).
{"title":"Bian Que’s Twelve Channels?","authors":"Jianmin Li, Dolly Yang","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341529","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The name Bian Que, like that of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi), has reverberated through the development of Chinese medicine since the time of the Warring States. The discovery of a human figurine showing channels and strategic points, together with a number of medical texts, during the excavation of the Laoguanshan Han tomb in Chengdu, Sichuan, in 2012–13 has reignited controversies about whether it is correct to speak of a specific Bian Que school, or whether, as this paper argues, these texts were written by the Han physicians who used Bian Que as a mouthpiece to record their own medical expositions. The paper begins by examining the main characteristics of the Laoguanshan human figurine and discusses what this excavated artifact reveals about the early history of Chinese medicine. It questions the existence of the so-called Bian Que school and, obliquely, the suggested relationships between the school and the figurine and between the school and medical texts found in the same tomb. The paper shows how diverse the disjointed knowledge of medicine was and that the idea of a “school” does not accurately reflect what was happening in the transmission of medical knowledge during the Warring States, Qin, and Han periods (475 BCE–220 CE).","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341525
M. Gu
In July 2012 through August 2013, four earthen shaft pit tombs with timber chambers were excavated in a cemetery located in Tianhui Town, Jinniu District, Chengdu City. The tombs, which had been looted, were of similar size and aligned in the same south–north orientation. Tomb M3 contained 951 bamboo slips distributed across two compartments of its lower chambers: North II and South II. Most of the texts they contain are of medical interest, though twenty fragments appear to be from legal documents. Based on the content of the discovered slips, it has been suggested that the tomb’s occupant was a physician or medical official. Six of the M3–121 manuscripts found in North II concern medical theory, the causes and symptoms of disease, the nature of the channels of the body (mai 脈), diagnosis, acupuncture, and possibly moxibustion therapy. The dates the texts were transcribed fall within the period when Empress Lü 呂后 (187–181 BCE) was effectively in power and the reign of Emperor Wendi (r. 180–157 BCE) of the Western Han dynasty. The M3–137 manuscripts found in South II include two texts entitled the Book of Treating Horses and the Book of the Classic Channels. The dates the texts were copied were earlier than those assigned to the M3–121 manuscripts.
{"title":"Collating and Interpreting the Medical Bamboo Slips Excavated from the Han Tombs in Tianhui Town","authors":"M. Gu","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341525","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In July 2012 through August 2013, four earthen shaft pit tombs with timber chambers were excavated in a cemetery located in Tianhui Town, Jinniu District, Chengdu City. The tombs, which had been looted, were of similar size and aligned in the same south–north orientation. Tomb M3 contained 951 bamboo slips distributed across two compartments of its lower chambers: North II and South II. Most of the texts they contain are of medical interest, though twenty fragments appear to be from legal documents. Based on the content of the discovered slips, it has been suggested that the tomb’s occupant was a physician or medical official. Six of the M3–121 manuscripts found in North II concern medical theory, the causes and symptoms of disease, the nature of the channels of the body (mai 脈), diagnosis, acupuncture, and possibly moxibustion therapy. The dates the texts were transcribed fall within the period when Empress Lü 呂后 (187–181 BCE) was effectively in power and the reign of Emperor Wendi (r. 180–157 BCE) of the Western Han dynasty. The M3–137 manuscripts found in South II include two texts entitled the Book of Treating Horses and the Book of the Classic Channels. The dates the texts were copied were earlier than those assigned to the M3–121 manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"87 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341539
Michael Stanley-Baker
{"title":"Pandemic Medicine: Why the Global Innovation System Is Broken, and How We Can Fix It, written by Kathryn C. Ibata-Arens","authors":"Michael Stanley-Baker","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341536
Michael Stanley-Baker
This article uses GIS mapping to plot the historical locations known for producing Chinese material medica recorded in a text with three historical layers. On the basis of these plots, it argues that: early Chinese pharmacology emerged not from the central plains but along the Yellow River Corridor, from the Bohai Sea through to Chang’an and then beyond, into the Sichuan Plain, and that the drug exchange network may have emerged through stepwise local trading between these sites, as along the Silk Road; these sites are not necessarily biotopes specific to where the drugs grow, but sites of “drug production,” which enter these natural products into circulation; the activity at these sites consists of sociotechnical operations that translate these materials across diverse technical domains, facilitated by drug names as a key marker; and, finally, that comparing these geolocated drug names to terms within excavated recipe literature may indicate a likelihood of the regional origin of certain texts. The Tianhui recipes from Laoguanshan appear to be representative of local drug cultures from northeast China.
{"title":"Mapping the Bencao","authors":"Michael Stanley-Baker","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341536","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article uses GIS mapping to plot the historical locations known for producing Chinese material medica recorded in a text with three historical layers. On the basis of these plots, it argues that: early Chinese pharmacology emerged not from the central plains but along the Yellow River Corridor, from the Bohai Sea through to Chang’an and then beyond, into the Sichuan Plain, and that the drug exchange network may have emerged through stepwise local trading between these sites, as along the Silk Road; these sites are not necessarily biotopes specific to where the drugs grow, but sites of “drug production,” which enter these natural products into circulation; the activity at these sites consists of sociotechnical operations that translate these materials across diverse technical domains, facilitated by drug names as a key marker; and, finally, that comparing these geolocated drug names to terms within excavated recipe literature may indicate a likelihood of the regional origin of certain texts. The Tianhui recipes from Laoguanshan appear to be representative of local drug cultures from northeast China.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341534
Edward Neal, George He
In the process of editing this special double issue of Asian Medicine we were keen to print the responses of practitioners of Chinese medicine currently still in practice. We therefore sent colleagues the article by Gu Man, Zhou Qi, and Liu Changhua, “Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips” and the article by Zhou Qi, “Research on the Lacquered Channel Figurine Excavated from a Han Tomb in Tianhui” while they were in preparation. We are very grateful to Edward Neal and George He for their generous responses. —Eds.
在编辑这期《亚洲医学》双月刊特刊的过程中，我们非常希望能刊登目前仍在执业的中医师的回复。因此，我们在顾曼、周琦和刘昌华的文章《老官山汉墓竹简中记载的穿麦技术》和周琦的文章《天惠汉墓出土漆面槽形人像的研究》编写期间，将这两篇文章寄给了同事们。我们非常感谢 Edward Neal 和 George He 的慷慨回应。-附录
{"title":"Practitioner Responses to the Tianhui Laoguanshan Medical Manuscripts and Artifacts","authors":"Edward Neal, George He","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341534","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the process of editing this special double issue of Asian Medicine we were keen to print the responses of practitioners of Chinese medicine currently still in practice. We therefore sent colleagues the article by Gu Man, Zhou Qi, and Liu Changhua, “Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips” and the article by Zhou Qi, “Research on the Lacquered Channel Figurine Excavated from a Han Tomb in Tianhui” while they were in preparation. We are very grateful to Edward Neal and George He for their generous responses. —Eds.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"38 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341527
Tao Xie, Dolly Yang
Inscriptions on funerary objects excavated from the Han tombs of Laoguanshan in Chengdu are key to unraveling the identities of the tombs’ occupants. Our analysis of these inscriptions, considered alongside the varying configurations of the tombs, the excavated objects, the earliest dates when the tombs were ransacked, and the physical characteristics revealed by the bones of the tomb occupants, together suggest that they were aristocrats from different regions. They were “out of state” officials who had immigrated to Chengdu. Identifying their clan affiliations provides an important clue for determining the clan affiliations of occupants of other high-specification tombs found in the Chengdu plain.
{"title":"Investigating the Clan Affiliations of the Occupants of the Laoguanshan 老官山 Han Tombs in Chengdu","authors":"Tao Xie, Dolly Yang","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Inscriptions on funerary objects excavated from the Han tombs of Laoguanshan in Chengdu are key to unraveling the identities of the tombs’ occupants. Our analysis of these inscriptions, considered alongside the varying configurations of the tombs, the excavated objects, the earliest dates when the tombs were ransacked, and the physical characteristics revealed by the bones of the tomb occupants, together suggest that they were aristocrats from different regions. They were “out of state” officials who had immigrated to Chengdu. Identifying their clan affiliations provides an important clue for determining the clan affiliations of occupants of other high-specification tombs found in the Chengdu plain.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341533
M. Gu, Qi Zhou, Changhua Liu, Shelley Ochs
The text discussed in this paper is part of the collection of bamboo slip medical manuscripts excavated from the Laoguanshan Han tomb outside of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, in 2012. We have given it the title Piercing Methods based on its contents. This text provides invaluable new material for understanding the historical development of Chinese medicine and acupuncture over the course of the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). We combine analyses of excavated manuscripts, received texts, and excavated artifacts to reconstruct the piercing methods from the early Han presented in this text. Three primary sets of techniques and associated piercing tools have been identified: mai piercing, division piercing, and piercing water (swelling), although only the first technique that concerns treating the mai is dealt with comprehensively in this article.
{"title":"Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips","authors":"M. Gu, Qi Zhou, Changhua Liu, Shelley Ochs","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The text discussed in this paper is part of the collection of bamboo slip medical manuscripts excavated from the Laoguanshan Han tomb outside of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, in 2012. We have given it the title Piercing Methods based on its contents. This text provides invaluable new material for understanding the historical development of Chinese medicine and acupuncture over the course of the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). We combine analyses of excavated manuscripts, received texts, and excavated artifacts to reconstruct the piercing methods from the early Han presented in this text. Three primary sets of techniques and associated piercing tools have been identified: mai piercing, division piercing, and piercing water (swelling), although only the first technique that concerns treating the mai is dealt with comprehensively in this article.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341542
Ayo Wahlberg
{"title":"Mao’s Bestiary: Medicinal Animals and Modern China, written by Liz P. Y. Chee","authors":"Ayo Wahlberg","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"101 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341541
Sabrina Datoo
{"title":"Unani Medicine in the Making: Practices and Representations in 21st Century India, written by Kira Schmidt Stiedenroth","authors":"Sabrina Datoo","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341532
Vivienne Lo
This translation forms a triptych with the following two articles in this double special issue: Gu Man, Zhou Qi, and Liu Changhua, “Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips” and Zhou Qi, “Research on the Lacquered Channel Figurine Excavated from a Han Tomb in Tianhui.” Here you can read an entire Tianhui Laoguanshan text in translation on the subject of therapeutic piercing. The contribution by Gu, Zhou, and Liu positions the therapy in relation to ideas and techniques in other manuscript texts contemporary to the one translated here and the printed classics of Chinese medicine. These articles are accompanied by opinion pieces written by current practitioners of Chinese medicine as expert witnesses to the evolution of the techniques and their relevance, or not, to modern practice. Together, we present an interdisciplinary analysis that we hope will engage the reader actively in the process of multifocal interpretation. The text here is introduced by a translator’s introduction that reflects broadly on the unique challenges of rendering this fascinating work into English.
该译文与本双月刊中的以下两篇文章构成三联：顾曼、周琦和刘昌华："老官山汉墓竹简中记载的穿麦技术 "和周琦："天回汉墓出土漆面槽形人像研究"。在这里，您可以阅读到关于治疗性穿孔的整篇天水老官山译文。Gu、Zhou 和 Liu 所撰写的文章将这种疗法与与此文同时代的其他手抄本以及印刷版中医经典中的观点和技术相联系。这些文章还附有现任中医师撰写的评论文章，作为这些技术演变及其与现代实践是否相关的专家证人。我们希望通过这些跨学科的分析，能让读者积极地参与到多元解读的过程中来。本书的译者序言广泛反映了将这本引人入胜的著作翻译成英文所面临的独特挑战。
{"title":"Preliminary Translation of the Tianhui Laoguanshan Manuscript on Piercing as Therapy","authors":"Vivienne Lo","doi":"10.1163/15734218-12341532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341532","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This translation forms a triptych with the following two articles in this double special issue: Gu Man, Zhou Qi, and Liu Changhua, “Techniques for Piercing the Mai Recorded in the Laoguanshan Han Tomb Bamboo Slips” and Zhou Qi, “Research on the Lacquered Channel Figurine Excavated from a Han Tomb in Tianhui.” Here you can read an entire Tianhui Laoguanshan text in translation on the subject of therapeutic piercing. The contribution by Gu, Zhou, and Liu positions the therapy in relation to ideas and techniques in other manuscript texts contemporary to the one translated here and the printed classics of Chinese medicine. These articles are accompanied by opinion pieces written by current practitioners of Chinese medicine as expert witnesses to the evolution of the techniques and their relevance, or not, to modern practice. Together, we present an interdisciplinary analysis that we hope will engage the reader actively in the process of multifocal interpretation. The text here is introduced by a translator’s introduction that reflects broadly on the unique challenges of rendering this fascinating work into English.","PeriodicalId":34972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Medicine","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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