Turkiye parazitolojii dergisi最新文献

Objective: This study was conducted to molecularly identify and classify Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples (n=150) from patients with diarrhea received at the microbiology laboratory of a private hospital in Denizli.

Methods: In this study, the positivity of Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples was investigated using direct microscopy, Kinyoun's acid-fast staining method, and Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Positive PCR products were sequenced.

Results: In the examined fecal samples of patients with diarrhea, no parasites were detected through direct microscopic examination. Using the Kinyoun acid-fast staining method, Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 2.7% (n=4) of the samples, while Nested PCR detected it in 4.67% (n=7) of the samples. The four positive samples were sequenced using primers that amplify the 18S rRNA gene region. The sequencing results identified the isolates as C. parvum.

Conclusion: Cryptosporidiosis is an important public health issue as it is a zoonotic disease caused by the Cryptosporidium parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans. This study focuses on the molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species detected in human fecal samples, which is significant for understanding which specific strains or species are involved in human infections. According to the findings, it is recommended that control measures be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to Cryptosporidium in both humans and animals in Türkiye.

Objective: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are enteric protozoa that can cause a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, especially in vulnerable people like children, the elderly, and those with impaired immune systems. In order to ascertain the microbiological quality of the recreational water from Araromi Beach in Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. This risk assessment is of great significance to human health protection against waterborne diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of recreational water from Araromi Beach in Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Methods: Microscopic examination of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocysts were done.

Results: Results revealed maximum occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum (20 oocysts/100 mL) of water sample in the month of April and maximum occurrence of Giardia lamblia (300 cysts/100 mL) of water sample in the month of June. Additionally, according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for normalcy Ho =0.05, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum were not regularly distributed in the water samples collected from the beach throughout the study period. The average likelihood of contracting Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum infections after consuming 100 mL of beach water was 0.96 and 0.35, respectively. The risks of infection associated with Cryptosporidium parvum was lower than those associated with Giardia lamblia in water from the beach, but were both above the acceptable risk limit of 10-4.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Giardia and Cryptosporidium may represent serious health hazards to people who engage in aquatic activities. Adopting a comprehensive strategy that includes regular inspections, enhanced detection techniques, and the prevention of aquatic environment pollution may provide clean and safe recreational water for all, thereby safeguarding the public's health.

Parasites are commonly associated with harm, but they also have beneficial aspects that are still being discovered. It is important to acknowledge both the harmful and beneficial aspects of parasites. They have been found to have positive effects on non-healing wounds, surgical wounds, obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, nerve repair, cancer treatments, and fertility. Research has shown that helminths, protozoa, and arthropods have the ability to correct, prevent, and cure certain disorders through the use of the parasite itself, its molecules, or even its eggs. This article includes studies on the beneficial aspects of parasites. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which parasites stimulate or affect the immune system and how they can be used therapeutically.

Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that usually causes infections in women. Metronidazole is used as the first choice in the treatment of this parasitic disease, but there is a need for new drugs since 1980's with increasing numbers of reported resistance. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antitrichomonal activity of the major components of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme) essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol against metronidazole resistant and susceptible T. vaginalis strains, and to determine their interaction with metronidazole by checkerboard method.

Methods: Cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol and metronidazole were obtained commercially. Two clinical isolates and one metronidazole resistant T. vaginalis reference strain were used in the study. MIC50 and MLC values of essential oil components and metronidazole were determined by broth microdilution method. The combinations of essential oil components with metronidazole were determined by the checkerboard method.

Results: According to in vitro activity tests, cinnamaldehyde was determined to be most effective essential oil component. Clinical isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. In combination study, metronidazole showed synergy with cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol, and partial synergy with thymol.

Conclusion: It was determined that cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol, which are known to have high antimicrobial activity, also have strong activity against T. vaginalis isolates and show a synergistic interaction with metronidazole. The use of metronidazole at lower doses in the synergistic interaction may contribute to the literature in terms of reducing drug side effects, creating a versatile antimicrobial target, and reducing the rate of resistance development.

This case report was prepared to provide information about Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), which was detected for the first time on a domestic chicken in Hatay province of Türkiye. Louse specimens collected from a chicken by a student were brought to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, and sent to Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, for identification of species and microscopic examination revealed the presence of Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912). Thus, with this study, the presence of M. pallidulus on domestic chickens was recorded for the first time in Türkiye.

Objective: Medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) have been used for therapeutic purposes in humans since ancient times. Because of their growth conditions, leeches carry certain bacteria and endosymbionts (e.g., Aeromonas spp). In both leech farms and hirudotherapy clinics, there are no reliable antiseptics that can be used with leeches. This study aimed to determine whether methylene blue (MB) is a safe antiseptic for medicinal leeches and assess its safe usage.

Methods: This study evaluated the efficacy of MB by determining lethal concentrations (LC), effective concentrations (EC), and lethal times (LT) for the medicinal leech Hirudo verbena Carena, 1820. A total of 570 H. verbana specimens obtained from a local farm were used in this study. Eighteen different concentrations of MB (between 1 ppm and 512 ppm) were tested.

Results: The LC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values for H. verbana were determined to be 60.381 (53.674-66.636) ppm and 2.013 (1.789-2.221) ppm, respectively. The LT50 durations for MB concentrations of 32 and 512 ppm were calculated as 212.92 h (138.43 h-1485.78 h) and 17.82 h (8.08 h-23.90 h), respectively.

Conclusion: The results show that MB concentrations between 2 and 19 ppm can be safely used as antiseptics in hirudotherapy clinics and leech farms to address bacterial concerns caused by medicinal leeches.

Objective: This research aims to update knowledge on the regional and national sickness burden attributable to cystic echinococcosis (CE) from 1990 to 2019, as well as epidemiology and disease control, with a particular emphasis on the People's Central Asian Regions.

Methods: We calculated the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years at the global, regional, and national levels for CE in all central Asian countries from 1990 to 2019, and we analyzed the association between GDP per capita and the disease burden of CE.

Results: In 2019, the three greatest numbers of CE cases were recorded in Kazakhstan [23986; 95% uncertainty interval (UI); 19796; 28908]; Uzbekistan (41079; 18351; 76048); and Tajikistan (10887; 4891; 20170) among all 9 countries. The three countries with the greatest ASIR of CE were estimated to be Kazakhstan (127.56; 95% UI: 105.34-153.8), Uzbekistan (123.53; 95% UI: 58.65-219.16), and Tajikistan (121.88; 58.57-213.93). Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan had the biggest increases (125%, 97%, and 83%, respectively) in the number of incident cases of CE, whereas Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Armenia saw the largest decreases (45%, 8%, and 3%, respectively).

Conclusion: To reduce the illness burden caused by CE, our findings may help public health professionals and policymakers design cost-benefit initiatives. To lessen the impact of CE on society, it is suggested that more money be given to the region's most endemic nations. Echinococcosis, cystic, negative health effects, life-years lost due to disability, rate of occurrence as a function of age, rate of death as a function of age.

Objective: Recent studies determined that the amoeboid form of Blastocystis acts as a factor in stimulating the host's immune responses and ultimately results in urticaria and other skin disorders. The present study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis in people referred to Bushehr city health centers and the relationship of this parasite with urticaria.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 180 males and females referred to Bushehr health centers and a questionnaire containing demographic information was completed for each person. Samples were examined by preparing direct smear (wet mount) and then formalin-detergent sedimentation techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software and chi-square test.

Results: The results showed that 11.1% of cases infected with Blastocystis and 55% of patients with Blastocystis had various gastrointestinal symptoms. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between infection with some demographic factors such as sex, age, literacy level and residence, but this was significant with some clinical symptoms such as itching and urticaria.

Conclusion: Despite the existence of conflicting information and many ambiguities about the Blastocystis, this emerging pathogen is very important in terms of causing allergic and skin disorders in sufferers, therefore, it is necessary that patients with urticaria be evaluated for Blastocystis along with other diagnostic procedures and physicians should request a test before any medical intervention. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of these people can play an important role in improving the health of society.

Objective: In patients with end-stage kidney disease, kidney transplantation is the kidney replacement therapy option that provides the most successful survival. However, immunosuppression agents administered after kidney transplantation can increase the risk of opportunistic infections. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens that can be fatal in immunosuppressed patients. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of microsporidia in kidney transplantation recipients and the molecular characterization of the detected species.

Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of renal microsporidiosis in kidney transplant recipients, the urine samples from a total of 325 patients were analyzed by real-time and nested polymerase chain reaction for Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.

Results: Only one (0.4%) sample from the adult patient was positive for the Encephalitozoon species, while no positivity was found in pediatric patients. It was determined as Encephalitozoon intestinalis by ITS rRNA gene region sequence analysis. A microsporidia species obtained from humans in Türkiye has been characterized for the first time and registered in GenBank.

Conclusion: Our epidemiological results show that the prevalence of renal microsporidiosis in kidney transplant recipients is very low. In addition, as a result of the phylogenetic analysis of the detected isolate, it was observed that it was 100% identical to the isolates reported from dogs in Kayseri, Türkiye. This situation provided essential data regarding the zoonotic transmission dynamics of microsporidia.