Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306158
Jianlai Chen, Guangcai Sun, Jun Yang, M. Xing, Z. Bao, Qingjun Zhang, Haifeng Yu
As an emerging technique to obtain remotely sensed data, geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEOSAR) is still at the infant stage for the development of the basic theory although some prediction indicates that the first GEOSAR satellite would be in orbit around 2020. Before the launching, a series of challenges in GEOSAR must be addressed and the feasible solutions should be carried out. Thus, systematic analyses of challenges and solutions in GEOSAR are proposed here. In this paper, the GEOSAR has been studied through analyses of bi-static imaging geometry, signal model, Doppler characteristics, Doppler bandwidth and synthetic aperture time, and resolution evaluation of the GEOSAR imagery, in which both challenges and solutions are included.
{"title":"Systematic analyses of challenges and solutions in geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar","authors":"Jianlai Chen, Guangcai Sun, Jun Yang, M. Xing, Z. Bao, Qingjun Zhang, Haifeng Yu","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306158","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging technique to obtain remotely sensed data, geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEOSAR) is still at the infant stage for the development of the basic theory although some prediction indicates that the first GEOSAR satellite would be in orbit around 2020. Before the launching, a series of challenges in GEOSAR must be addressed and the feasible solutions should be carried out. Thus, systematic analyses of challenges and solutions in GEOSAR are proposed here. In this paper, the GEOSAR has been studied through analyses of bi-static imaging geometry, signal model, Doppler characteristics, Doppler bandwidth and synthetic aperture time, and resolution evaluation of the GEOSAR imagery, in which both challenges and solutions are included.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114952664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306170
Zihao Chen, Z. Ping
A single-ended microstrip grid array antenna has been designed and measured for 24 GHz automotive radars application. It has been designed on Rogers 5880 substrate with dimensions of 60×60×0.787 mm. The antenna exhibits 2.45 GHz impedance bandwidth, 19.26 dBi peak realized gain and broadside pencil-beam radiation pattern with low side lobe and weak cross-polarization.
{"title":"24-GHz microstrip grid array antenna for automotive radars application","authors":"Zihao Chen, Z. Ping","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306170","url":null,"abstract":"A single-ended microstrip grid array antenna has been designed and measured for 24 GHz automotive radars application. It has been designed on Rogers 5880 substrate with dimensions of 60×60×0.787 mm. The antenna exhibits 2.45 GHz impedance bandwidth, 19.26 dBi peak realized gain and broadside pencil-beam radiation pattern with low side lobe and weak cross-polarization.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122158365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306329
T. Sjogren, V. Vu
TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X has since 2014 been flying in the monostatic pursuit mode. This mode consists of a formation flying with the satellites having identic orbit, but with a displacement in along-track of a distance corresponding to 10 s delay. Such formation gives e.g. the ability to detect movements of very slow targets or targets standing still and moving between measurements. Depending on the integration time for each satellite and the time separation between the satellites, the clutter may behave as stationary or non-stationary. This allows for the possibility to apply either coherent or incoherent change detection algorithms. As has been proved earlier, the potential of coherent change detection has very good abilities but has proven difficult to obtain on X-band. In the case of very high resolution SAR, there will also be a target smearing effect due to the target movement within the coherent processing interval (CPI). The target defocusing effect may also be used for detection of moving targets in the scene using the so-called Detection of Moving Targets by Focusing (DMTF) technique. This is since an estimate or hypothesis test for target movements can be used to reprocess the SAR image and obtain a Signal-To-Clutter-Noise (SCNR) gain, thus increase chances for moving target detection. Therefore, a combination of DMTF and change detection over short times is promising. As such, this paper investigates the potential of the monostatic pursuit mode for GMTI.
{"title":"Detection of slow and fast moving targets using hybrid CD-DMTF SAR GMTI mode","authors":"T. Sjogren, V. Vu","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306329","url":null,"abstract":"TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X has since 2014 been flying in the monostatic pursuit mode. This mode consists of a formation flying with the satellites having identic orbit, but with a displacement in along-track of a distance corresponding to 10 s delay. Such formation gives e.g. the ability to detect movements of very slow targets or targets standing still and moving between measurements. Depending on the integration time for each satellite and the time separation between the satellites, the clutter may behave as stationary or non-stationary. This allows for the possibility to apply either coherent or incoherent change detection algorithms. As has been proved earlier, the potential of coherent change detection has very good abilities but has proven difficult to obtain on X-band. In the case of very high resolution SAR, there will also be a target smearing effect due to the target movement within the coherent processing interval (CPI). The target defocusing effect may also be used for detection of moving targets in the scene using the so-called Detection of Moving Targets by Focusing (DMTF) technique. This is since an estimate or hypothesis test for target movements can be used to reprocess the SAR image and obtain a Signal-To-Clutter-Noise (SCNR) gain, thus increase chances for moving target detection. Therefore, a combination of DMTF and change detection over short times is promising. As such, this paper investigates the potential of the monostatic pursuit mode for GMTI.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128507146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306148
Huang Zengshu, Sun Jinping, Yuan Yun-neng, T. Weixian, Huang Pingping, W. Yanping
Phase unwrapping is an important part in the process of InSAR signal processing. When ground-based SAR is used for multistage mountain slope deformation monitoring, the mountain slopes are always separated by slope ladders. So the interferometric phase of every slope must be unwrapped by path-following methods respectively. In view of the multistage slope phase unwrapping, this paper proposed a mask branch-cut segmentation phase unwrapping algorithm through improving on the Goldstein's mask branch-cut algorithm. Then a deformation monitoring experiment for multistage mountain slope was carried out, which is to verify the validity and feasibility of the unwrapping algorithm.
{"title":"Ground-based SAR multistage mountain slope interferometric phase unwrapping","authors":"Huang Zengshu, Sun Jinping, Yuan Yun-neng, T. Weixian, Huang Pingping, W. Yanping","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306148","url":null,"abstract":"Phase unwrapping is an important part in the process of InSAR signal processing. When ground-based SAR is used for multistage mountain slope deformation monitoring, the mountain slopes are always separated by slope ladders. So the interferometric phase of every slope must be unwrapped by path-following methods respectively. In view of the multistage slope phase unwrapping, this paper proposed a mask branch-cut segmentation phase unwrapping algorithm through improving on the Goldstein's mask branch-cut algorithm. Then a deformation monitoring experiment for multistage mountain slope was carried out, which is to verify the validity and feasibility of the unwrapping algorithm.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306260
Caicai Gao, K. C. Teh, Aifei Liu
In this paper, we propose a frequency coding waveform with segment linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. This new waveform is modified from the discrete frequency coding waveform with LFM (DFC-LFM) by changing the subpulse from the LFM signal to segment LFM and extending the contiguous waveform to a pulse train. Compared to the existing frequency coding waveforms, the proposed waveform has lower autocorrelation sidelobes and lower cross correlation.
{"title":"Frequency coding waveform with segment LFM","authors":"Caicai Gao, K. C. Teh, Aifei Liu","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306260","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a frequency coding waveform with segment linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. This new waveform is modified from the discrete frequency coding waveform with LFM (DFC-LFM) by changing the subpulse from the LFM signal to segment LFM and extending the contiguous waveform to a pulse train. Compared to the existing frequency coding waveforms, the proposed waveform has lower autocorrelation sidelobes and lower cross correlation.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132515568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306175
Aron Sommer, Minh Phuong Nguyen, J. Ostermann
The image quality of an image processing technique in a real airborne spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar scenario mainly depends on its capability of correcting motion error effects. Therefore we compare the frequency domain imaging technique rotated Omega-K with explicit range cell migration correction with the time domain algorithm global Backprojection in their imaging quality by taking motion errors and scene size as well as the squint and the depression angles into account. The numerical investigations show that for a squint angle of 20° and a depression angle of 25° up to a limit of 5m motion error magnitude Omega-K yields good image quality in terms of Integrated Side Lobe Ratio for point targets with 200 m ground range distance to the spot center. For larger motion errors or larger scene sizes the Backprojection algorithm should be used to guarantee image quality with the disadvantage of higher computational costs.
{"title":"Comparison of Omega-K and backprojection regarding spatial resolution for squinted spotlight SAR with motion errors","authors":"Aron Sommer, Minh Phuong Nguyen, J. Ostermann","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306175","url":null,"abstract":"The image quality of an image processing technique in a real airborne spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar scenario mainly depends on its capability of correcting motion error effects. Therefore we compare the frequency domain imaging technique rotated Omega-K with explicit range cell migration correction with the time domain algorithm global Backprojection in their imaging quality by taking motion errors and scene size as well as the squint and the depression angles into account. The numerical investigations show that for a squint angle of 20° and a depression angle of 25° up to a limit of 5m motion error magnitude Omega-K yields good image quality in terms of Integrated Side Lobe Ratio for point targets with 200 m ground range distance to the spot center. For larger motion errors or larger scene sizes the Backprojection algorithm should be used to guarantee image quality with the disadvantage of higher computational costs.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130876599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306235
Jinwei Wang, Feng Zhou, Mingliang Tao, Zi-jing Zhang, M. Xing
To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional moving target detection method in single-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR), this paper proposes a novel method for moving target detection in single-channel multi-band SAR. In this method, according to the detectable velocity in different bands, the genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the choice of radar band parameters, e.g., wavelength and pulse repetition frequency. With the obtained optimal parameter combinations, the multi-band SAR system could achieve the highest velocity detection rate and the maximal bands utilization rate. Then, moving target detection, imaging and location could be accomplished with the Radon transform and Deramp method. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
{"title":"Genetic algorithm based multi-band SAR parameter optimization for MTD","authors":"Jinwei Wang, Feng Zhou, Mingliang Tao, Zi-jing Zhang, M. Xing","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306235","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional moving target detection method in single-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR), this paper proposes a novel method for moving target detection in single-channel multi-band SAR. In this method, according to the detectable velocity in different bands, the genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the choice of radar band parameters, e.g., wavelength and pulse repetition frequency. With the obtained optimal parameter combinations, the multi-band SAR system could achieve the highest velocity detection rate and the maximal bands utilization rate. Then, moving target detection, imaging and location could be accomplished with the Radon transform and Deramp method. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127852321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306325
M. Marghany
The paper implemented three-dimensional sorting reliabilities algorithm (3-DSR) for interferometrie synthetic aperture radar data (InSAR) phase unwrapping to simulate rate changes of shoreline. The main aim of 3-DSR is to solve the decorrelation problem. Therefore, 3-DSR algorithm has implemented to model the three-dimensional (3-D) coastline deformation using ENVISAT ASAR satellite data. In conclusion, the 3-DSR algorithm can be used to solve the problem of decorrelation and produced accurate 3-D coastline deformation using with standard error of mean of ± 0.05 m.
{"title":"Sorting reliability algorithm for three-dimensional shoreline change simulation using ENVISAT interferometry","authors":"M. Marghany","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306325","url":null,"abstract":"The paper implemented three-dimensional sorting reliabilities algorithm (3-DSR) for interferometrie synthetic aperture radar data (InSAR) phase unwrapping to simulate rate changes of shoreline. The main aim of 3-DSR is to solve the decorrelation problem. Therefore, 3-DSR algorithm has implemented to model the three-dimensional (3-D) coastline deformation using ENVISAT ASAR satellite data. In conclusion, the 3-DSR algorithm can be used to solve the problem of decorrelation and produced accurate 3-D coastline deformation using with standard error of mean of ± 0.05 m.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306143
Tomoki Kato, Hiroyoshi Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Sato, S. Kojima, M. Arii
Recently, microwave remote sensing has been used for observation of the global environment extensively. There are many techniques in the microwave remote sensing. Among them, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Tomography is one of the emerging technique that can realize three dimensional imaging, by using multiple flight paths. The data pixels in each SAR image obtained at the slightly different paths may be regarded as the observed data with an array antenna. Thus, it is applying the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation technique to the array data, we estimate angle of dominant scatterers, or height of the targets. In this report, we provide preliminary results of the multi-baseline SAR Tomography observed by the PiSAR2-X, airborne X-band SAR of NICT, Japan.
{"title":"Fundamental study on multi-baseline SAR tomography using airborne X-band SAR","authors":"Tomoki Kato, Hiroyoshi Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Sato, S. Kojima, M. Arii","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306143","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, microwave remote sensing has been used for observation of the global environment extensively. There are many techniques in the microwave remote sensing. Among them, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Tomography is one of the emerging technique that can realize three dimensional imaging, by using multiple flight paths. The data pixels in each SAR image obtained at the slightly different paths may be regarded as the observed data with an array antenna. Thus, it is applying the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation technique to the array data, we estimate angle of dominant scatterers, or height of the targets. In this report, we provide preliminary results of the multi-baseline SAR Tomography observed by the PiSAR2-X, airborne X-band SAR of NICT, Japan.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306142
Hongtu Xie, D. An, Xiaotao Huang, Zhimin Zhou, T. Jin
This study analyses the spatial resolution for the low frequency (LF) ultra-wideband (UWB) one-stationary bistatic synthetic aperture radar (OSBSAR) system. It considers the wavenumber coupling and radar squint angle to derive the finest possible spatial resolution. First, the spatial wavenumber of the LF UWB OSBSAR echo data of the target is analyzed. Then, its spatial resolution is derived based on the spatial wavenumber domain support. Simulation results are given to prove its validity.
{"title":"Spatial resolution analysis of low frequency UWB one-stationary bistatic SAR","authors":"Hongtu Xie, D. An, Xiaotao Huang, Zhimin Zhou, T. Jin","doi":"10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APSAR.2015.7306142","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the spatial resolution for the low frequency (LF) ultra-wideband (UWB) one-stationary bistatic synthetic aperture radar (OSBSAR) system. It considers the wavenumber coupling and radar squint angle to derive the finest possible spatial resolution. First, the spatial wavenumber of the LF UWB OSBSAR echo data of the target is analyzed. Then, its spatial resolution is derived based on the spatial wavenumber domain support. Simulation results are given to prove its validity.","PeriodicalId":350698,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123228009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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