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EFFECTS OF PRE-LISTENING TASK TYPES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFL LEARNERS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION ABILITY 听前任务类型对英语学习者听力理解能力发展的影响
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1654867
Hamed Barjesteh, Maral Ghaseminia
This study sought to examine the effects of pre-listening tasks in promoting the listening comprehension ability of Iranian English foreign language (EFL) learners. To undertake the study, Sixty-three female EFL university students were chosen to engage three task-based activities namely, podcast, video and topic preparation tasks. They were first homogenized by a Cambridge preliminary English test (PET), and then assigned into three groups comprising 21 students in each. The first group was randomly assigned into a podcast, the second group was nominated video-based, and the last group was invited to speak out around the topic. A teacher-made test of listening comprehension was employed to gauge students’ listening performance. Each group was assigned jigsaw and filling the gap task to screen the effect of instruction. After collecting the data, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were conducted to determine the facilitative task. The results revealed that podcast-based task significantly promotes students’ listening performance ability. This finding suggests that teachers can incorporate podcast as a pre-listening task to foster students’ listening performance. The finding may help EFL teachers and materials developers put more focus on the podcast as a pre-listening task to gain better results in the teaching and learning process.
本研究旨在探讨听前任务在提高伊朗英语外语学习者听力理解能力方面的作用。在本研究中,63名女大学生参与了三个任务型活动,即播客、视频和主题准备任务。他们首先通过剑桥初级英语测试(PET)进行同质化,然后被分成三组,每组21名学生。第一组被随机分配到一个播客中,第二组被提名为基于视频的,最后一组被邀请围绕这个话题发言。采用教师自编的听力理解测试来衡量学生的听力表现。每个小组都被分配了拼图和填补空白的任务,以筛选教学效果。收集数据后,进行单因素方差分析和多元回归分析,确定促进任务。结果表明,基于播客的任务显著提高了学生的听力表现能力。这一发现表明,教师可以将播客作为一项听前任务来培养学生的听力表现。这一发现可以帮助英语教师和教材开发人员更多地关注播客作为听力前任务,从而在教学和学习过程中获得更好的效果。
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引用次数: 8
EXAMINING CHRISTIAN LISTENERS’ ROLE IN GOSSIP: A RELATIONAL DILEMMA 从关系困境看基督徒听众在八卦中的角色
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1635021
L. Stern, E. Brooks
Three studies were conducted to explore Christians’ beliefs and responses to listening to gossip. This research framed gossip as a co-constructed conversation between speaker and listener. Listening to gossip was examined through the dual lenses of personal goals and societal listening norms. Results revealed that Christians believe listening to gossip is harmful to themselves, the gossip target, and the gossip speaker. And yet, many listen and contribute to gossip. Personal goals for approval and inclusion as well as societal supportive listening norms exert pressure to listen to gossip. When respondents addressed gossip, they tended to do so indirectly.
进行了三项研究来探究基督徒的信仰和对听八卦的反应。这项研究将八卦界定为说话者和倾听者之间共同构建的对话。通过个人目标和社会倾听规范的双重视角来研究倾听八卦。研究结果显示,基督徒相信听流言蜚语对他们自己、流言蜚语的目标和流言蜚语的发言人都是有害的。然而,许多人都在听八卦。赞同和包容的个人目标以及社会支持性的倾听规范对倾听八卦施加了压力。当受访者谈论八卦时,他们往往是间接的。
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引用次数: 0
BEAUTY “THERAPY”: THE EMOTIONAL LABOR OF COMMERCIALIZED LISTENING IN THE SALON INDUSTRY 美容“疗法”:沙龙行业商业化倾听的情绪劳动
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1634572
K. Hanson
The concept of personal image is ubiquitous in culture, and hairstyling as a subset serves as a tool for self-expression. Salons, as a venue for this image self-expression, offer insight into a unique practitioner-client dynamic in which the practitioner must empathetically listen as a function of her work, to assist the client in creating this visual form of self-expression. This act of empathetic listening, denoted as commercialized listening, at times requires the practitioner to commit emotional self-suppression in deference to the client’s needs. This self-suppression may extend to the intellectual realm under the “trade professional” paradox in which the practitioner is expected to be educated enough in her trade, but not as educated as the person she services. This self-suppression in exchange for paid work constitutes emotional labor which may bear heavy psychological cost to the practitioner.
个人形象的概念在文化中无处不在,发型作为一个子集是一种自我表达的工具。沙龙作为这种形象自我表达的场所,提供了对一种独特的从业者-客户动态的洞察,在这种动态中,从业者必须同情地倾听她的工作,以帮助客户创造这种视觉形式的自我表达。这种移情倾听的行为,被称为商业化的倾听,有时需要从业者根据客户的需求进行情绪自我抑制。这种自我抑制可能会延伸到“贸易专业”悖论下的知识领域,在这种悖论中,从业者被期望在她的行业中受到足够的教育,但没有她所服务的人那么受教育。这种以有偿工作换取的自我抑制构成了情感劳动,可能会给从业者带来沉重的心理代价。
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引用次数: 3
ACOUSMATIC LISTENING AND A CRITICAL AWARENESS OF PLACE 听觉和对地点的批判意识
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1634571
D. Beard
The akousmatikoi (ἀκουσματικοί) were the probationary pupils of the philosopher Pythagoras. Akousmatikoi were required to sit in silence while Pythagoras delivered his lecture from behind a screen or curtain. In the “Pythagorean pedagogy, [...] the master provided lessons to his students from behind draped material in order to not distract from the voice and to lend it a rather divine authority” (Pettman, 2011, p. 142). Contemporary communication research has disproven this assumption; body language and eye contact inflect communication, carry important information, and assist in understanding. We would never rob a pupil of visual information on the grounds that it distracts from auditory information. But in this peculiar Pythagorean practice, there are lessons to be learned for listening research. Sound and auditory environment researcher Murray Schaeffer used it as metaphor, inspiring what he calls “acousmatique,” or acousmatic, listening. Below, I will describe the “acousmatic situations” that typify everyday life. Then, I will describe “acousmatic listening” as an intentional practice, one that will enable critical reflection on listening. Finally, I will point toward an increased awareness of place that follows from acousmatic listening, an increased awareness of place that inspires this collection of reflections on ethics, listening and place.
akousmatikoi(ἀκςσματικςί)是哲学家毕达哥拉斯的见习学生。当毕达哥拉斯在屏风或幕布后面演讲时,阿库斯马蒂科伊被要求安静地坐着。在“毕达哥拉斯的教育学中,[…]大师从覆盖的材料后面为他的学生提供课程,以避免分散对声音的注意力,并赋予它一种相当神圣的权威”(Pettman,2011142)。当代传播学研究已经否定了这一假设;肢体语言和眼神交流影响交流,传递重要信息,有助于理解。我们决不会以视觉信息干扰听觉信息为由剥夺瞳孔的视觉信息。但在毕达哥拉斯的这种特殊实践中,听力研究也有一些经验教训。声音和听觉环境研究人员Murray Schaeffer将其用作隐喻,激发了他所说的“听觉”或听觉倾听。下面,我将描述日常生活中典型的“听觉情境”。然后,我将把“听觉听力”描述为一种有意的练习,一种能够对听力进行批判性反思的练习。最后,我将指出,从听觉倾听中产生的对地方的意识的增强,对地方的认识的增强,激发了对道德、倾听和地方的思考。
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引用次数: 3
LISTENING AS ACTION: THE ORDINARY PEOPLE AND PLACES OF STORYCORPS 倾听作为行动:故事团的普通人和地方
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1633331
Susan Mancino
StoryCorps is a nonprofit organization aimed to empower the voices and stories of ‘ordinary’ Americans. Founded by radio producer David Isay in 2003, StoryCorps collaborates with National Public Radio (NPR) and the Library of Congress’s American Folklife Center to provide a public platform for broadcasting and preserving American oral history. The project has collected and archived over 75,000 stories, recounting the everyday places and practices that comprise American life in ordinary and extraordinary ways (StoryCorps, 2018). StoryCorps privileges both storytelling and listening as communicative practices that constructively build human connections. This piece emerges in response to my listening to NPR’s broadcast of StoryCorps segments alongside reading US Poet Laureate and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Smith’s (2015) memoir Ordinary Light.
StoryCorps是一个非营利组织,旨在增强“普通”美国人的声音和故事。StoryCorps由电台制作人David Isay于2003年创立,与美国国家公共广播电台(NPR)和美国国会图书馆的美国民俗中心合作,为广播和保存美国口述历史提供公共平台。该项目收集并存档了超过75000个故事,以平凡和非凡的方式讲述了构成美国生活的日常场所和实践(StoryCorps,2018)。StoryCorps将讲故事和倾听视为建设性地建立人际关系的交流实践。这篇文章是为了回应我在阅读美国桂冠诗人、普利策奖获得者史密斯(2015)回忆录《平凡的光》的同时,收听了NPR对StoryCorps片段的广播。
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引用次数: 1
LISTENING FROM PLACES OF SURVIVAL: THE ROLE OF STORY LISTENING IN THE EMPOWERMENT OF FEMALE VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE 从生存之地倾听:故事倾听在赋予暴力女性受害者权力中的作用
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1633330
Nichole Brazelton
This short essay represents an edited version of a larger work-in-progress article regarding the crucial role of storytelling, listening, and acknowledgment when working with survivors of trauma and abuse.
这篇短文代表了一篇正在进行的大型文章的编辑版本,该文章涉及在与创伤和虐待幸存者合作时讲故事、倾听和承认的关键作用。
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引用次数: 3
PENITENCE, EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SOUND AT THE EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY: 1830-1850 忏悔,东部州立监狱的外部和内部声音:1830-1850
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1629932
L. Kass
The Eastern State Penitentiary, located in Philadelphia, was opened for use as a prison in 1829 and closed in 1971. The penitentiary’s early practice of placing all inmates in solitary confinement has often misleadingly been referred to as the “Silent System.” Sounds were present in the penitentiary, but they were carefully controlled and channeled towards the primary goal of the institution: forcing the prisoners to experience true penitence. The sounds that were made audible to the inmates were meant to signal the purpose of their imprisonment. Looms clattered inside cells as inmates were made to weave cloth; alarm bells rang from the central tower, discouraging escape; and perhaps most importantly, the gate clanged shut, symbolizing the permanence of the inmates’ separation from the outside world. My paper reveals that in addition to the manipulation of the inmate’s external soundworld, the prison also attempted to control the sounds inside the inmates’ minds, through encouraging inmates to read the Bible to themselves in their cells. Listening to the Eastern State Penitentiary brings into perspective previously overlooked aspects of the prisoners’ experience at the institution and clarifies how the sonic design of the prison contributed to its goal of reforming the inmates into moral citizens.
位于费城的东部州立监狱于1829年作为监狱开放,并于1971年关闭。监狱早期将所有囚犯单独监禁的做法经常被误导地称为“沉默制度”。监狱里也有声音,但它们受到了精心控制,并被引导到该机构的主要目标:迫使囚犯体验真正的忏悔。让犯人听得到的声音是为了表明他们被监禁的目的。当囚犯被要求织布时,织布机在牢房里发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音;中央塔楼上响起了警报声,劝阻人们逃跑;也许最重要的是,大门哐当关上了,象征着囚犯与外界的永久隔离。我的论文揭示,除了操纵囚犯的外部声音世界,监狱还试图通过鼓励囚犯在牢房里自己读《圣经》来控制囚犯内心的声音。聆听东部州立监狱的声音,让我们看到囚犯在监狱中被忽视的经历,并阐明监狱的声音设计如何有助于将囚犯改造成有道德的公民。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF LISTENING AND READING VOCABULARIES TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF CHINESE EFL STUDENTS 听力和阅读词汇对中国英语学生听力理解的贡献
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1623678
Xu Bian, Xiaojun Cai, Dianmei Cai
The study investigated the relationship between listening and reading vocabularies and their contributions to English listening comprehension of advanced Chinese EFL learners from two universities in China. Measures of reading and listening vocabularies consisted of 5,000 and academic vocabularies. Two tasks involved in the listening comprehension test were gap-filling and multiple-choice. Results showed the moderate correlation between listening and reading vocabularies; Chinese EFL learners’ reading vocabulary knowledge outperformed the listening counterpart. Listening academic vocabulary made a unique contribution to the performance on both the gap-filling task and the entire listening section above and beyond other subcategories of vocabulary. Reading vocabulary was not a predictor of the multiple-choice task. However, the significant effect of reading vocabulary on the gap-filling task suggested that the task might not be an appropriate instrument to assess learners’ listening skill.
本研究调查了来自国内两所大学的高水平中国英语学习者的听力和阅读词汇之间的关系及其对英语听力理解的贡献。阅读和听力词汇量由5000个词汇和学术词汇组成。听力理解测试包括两项任务:填空和多项选择。结果显示:听力词汇量与阅读词汇量存在中度相关;中国英语学习者的阅读词汇知识表现优于听力学习者。听力学术词汇在填空任务和整个听力部分的表现中都有独特的贡献,其贡献超过了其他子类词汇。阅读词汇量并不是多项选择任务的预测指标。然而,阅读词汇量对填空任务的显著影响表明,填空任务可能不是评估学习者听力技能的合适工具。
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引用次数: 6
NOTES TOWARD A METHODOLOGY FOR LISTENING IN PLACE: HONG KONG 一种适当的听力方法论札记:香港
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1631166
Andrin Uetz
Listening in place (This is in differentiation to the notion of space as an abstract dimension such as the cyberspace.) means the locality in which one is listening, a geographically situated place (cf. Stokes, 3). Even though one cannot escape being in a place, one can avoid listening to this place with the use of headphones, which allow to listen to other sound spaces, to be immersed in one’s own audiotopia (cf. Bull, 2011, p. 529). Such audiotopia in fact is the negation of the soundscape of place. When going to the field, the musicologist is listening to the soundscape in place. As a musicologist: what I was doing in Hong Kong was listening in Hong Kong as a place. When, afterwards, I am listening to its recordings, on the contrary, I am listening to Hong Kong as a space, to a memory captured in sound. These distinctions, and the anthropological framework which I use to elaborate them, refine the pedagogical models advanced in “Mediating a Soundwalk: An Exercise in Claireaudience” by Ian Reyes (2012, pp. 98–101). Listening to recordings is fundamentally different from the listening experience in Hong Kong. I believe that knowing and exploring these differences could lead to new techniques of listening, and that is the work of this short essay.
原地聆听(这是对空间作为一个抽象维度(如网络空间)的概念的区分。)意味着一个人正在聆听的地方,一个地理位置的地方(参见Stokes,3)。即使一个人无法逃避身处一个地方,也可以通过使用耳机来避免听这个地方,因为耳机可以收听其他声音空间,并沉浸在自己的听觉托邦中(参见Bull,2011,p.529)。这种听觉托邦实际上是对地方声景的否定。当去现场时,音乐学家正在听现场的音景。作为一名音乐学家:我在香港所做的是在香港作为一个地方聆听。后来,当我在听它的录音时,相反,我在听香港作为一个空间,用声音捕捉记忆。这些区别,以及我用来阐述它们的人类学框架,完善了伊恩·雷耶斯(Ian Reyes)在《调解声音漫步:Clairevisites的练习》(2012年,第98–101页)中提出的教学模式。聆听录音与香港的聆听体验有着根本的不同。我相信,了解和探索这些差异可以带来新的听力技巧,这就是这篇短文的工作。
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引用次数: 0
LISTENING TO NATIVE RADIO 收听本地电台
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/10904018.2019.1628645
D. Smiles
Community-based radio is vitally important to Native Americans in the United States. These radio stations broadcast programs that meet the diverse needs of the communities they serve, such as news about tribal politics, educational programming, programming related to health and other vital aspects of daily living, and perhaps most importantly, programming that seeks to preserve and perpetuate indigenous languages, histories, cultures and values. Reflecting on listening to indigenous radio both tells us more about the ways radio creates community and it tells us more about the diverse cultural positions of indigenous audiences. Through an analysis of listener feedback and related data from two Native-owned community radio stations in Minnesota (KKWE and KOJB), alongside an analysis of my own listening to these stations, I seek to identify the “communities” built by these stations.
社区广播对美国原住民来说至关重要。这些广播电台播放满足其服务的社区不同需求的节目,如关于部落政治的新闻、教育节目、与健康和日常生活其他重要方面有关的节目,也许最重要的是,旨在保护和延续土著语言、历史、文化和价值观的节目。反思收听土著广播,既告诉我们更多关于广播创造社区的方式,又告诉我们更多关于土著观众的不同文化立场。通过分析来自明尼苏达州两个原住民社区广播电台(KKWE和KOJB)的听众反馈和相关数据,以及我自己收听这些电台的情况,我试图确定这些电台建立的“社区”。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Listening
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