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Toward a Unified Ontology of Cloud Computing 迈向云计算的统一本体
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738443
Lamia Youseff, M. Butrico, D. D. Silva
Progress of research efforts in a novel technology is contingent on having a rigorous organization of its knowledge domain and a comprehensive understanding of all the relevant components of this technology and their relationships. Cloud computing is one contemporary technology in which the research community has recently embarked. Manifesting itself as the descendant of several other computing research areas such as service-oriented architecture, distributed and grid computing, and virtualization, cloud computing inherits their advancements and limitations. Towards the end-goal of a thorough comprehension of the field of cloud computing, and a more rapid adoption from the scientific community, we propose in this paper an ontology of this area which demonstrates a dissection of the cloud into five main layers, and illustrates their interrelations as well as their inter-dependency on preceding technologies. The contribution of this paper lies in being one of the first attempts to establish a detailed ontology of the cloud. Better comprehension of the technology would enable the community to design more efficient portals and gateways for the cloud, and facilitate the adoption of this novel computing approach in scientific environments. In turn, this will assist the scientific community to expedite its contributions and insights into this evolving computing field.
一项新技术的研究进展取决于其知识领域的严格组织和对该技术所有相关组成部分及其相互关系的全面理解。云计算是研究界最近才开始涉足的一项当代技术。作为其他几个计算研究领域(如面向服务的体系结构、分布式和网格计算以及虚拟化)的后代,云计算继承了它们的进步和局限性。为了彻底理解云计算领域的最终目标,并更快地从科学界采用,我们在本文中提出了该领域的本体,该本体将云划分为五个主要层,并说明了它们的相互关系以及它们对先前技术的相互依赖。本文的贡献在于它是最早尝试建立云的详细本体的论文之一。更好地理解这项技术将使社区能够为云设计更有效的门户和网关,并促进在科学环境中采用这种新颖的计算方法。反过来,这将有助于科学界加快对这个不断发展的计算领域的贡献和见解。
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引用次数: 1102
Cyberaide JavaScript: A JavaScript Commodity Grid Kit Cyberaide JavaScript:一个JavaScript商品网格工具包
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738448
G. von Laszewski, Fugang Wang, A. Younge, Xi He, Zhenhua Guo, M. Pierce
In this paper, we describe a service oriented architecture and Grid abstraction framework that allows us to access Grids through JavaScript. Obviously, such a framework integrates well with other Web 2.0 technologies. The framework consists of two parts. A client Application Programming Interface (API) to access the Grid via JavaScript and a mediator service and API through which the Grid access is channeled. The framework uses commodity Web service standards and provides extended functionality such as asynchronous task management, file transfer, and workflow management based on our previous work. The availability of our framework simplifies not only the development of new services, but also the development of advanced client side Grid applications that can be accessed through Web browsers. We demonstrate this ability by providing an example that integrates a variety of useful services to be accessed through a JavaScript enabled client desktop via a Web browser. Overall, Grid developers will have another tool at their disposal that projects a simpler way to distribute and maintain cyberinfrastructure related software, while simultaneously delivering advanced interfaces and integrating social services for the scientific community.
在本文中,我们描述了一个面向服务的体系结构和网格抽象框架,它允许我们通过JavaScript访问网格。显然,这样的框架可以很好地与其他Web 2.0技术集成。该框架由两部分组成。通过JavaScript访问网格的客户端应用程序编程接口(API),以及引导网格访问的中介服务和API。该框架使用商品Web服务标准,并根据我们以前的工作提供扩展功能,如异步任务管理、文件传输和工作流管理。我们框架的可用性不仅简化了新服务的开发,还简化了可通过Web浏览器访问的高级客户端网格应用程序的开发。我们通过提供一个示例来演示这种能力,该示例集成了各种有用的服务,这些服务可以通过Web浏览器通过启用JavaScript的客户机桌面进行访问。总的来说,网格开发人员将有另一种工具可供他们使用,这种工具可以以更简单的方式分发和维护与网络基础设施相关的软件,同时为科学界提供高级接口和集成社会服务。
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引用次数: 17
Rapid component-based development for Condor job submission 快速组件为基础的开发秃鹰作业提交
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738441
Jae-Woo Lee, D. Braun, C.X. Song
Many scientific, engineering and business applications benefit from the ability to submit a large number of computational jobs to a Condor pool simultaneously. However, crafting a correct Condor submission script is not trivial, especially for the less computer command line-savvy users. Therefore, developers often wish to create a job submission page in a Web client application for the Condor system to provide an easy way for users to run their computation jobs. In doing so, the developers must understand the Condor ClassAd mechanism and provide a proper transformation if the application needs to support user or application defined ClassAds. This paper describes a rapid and easy way of creating a job submission page using our visual Web components. By integrating these components into a popular web application integrated development environment (IDE), the developers can easily compose a Condor job submission page by dragging and dropping the components. This will significantly reduce the time spent on creating the job submission application.
许多科学、工程和商业应用程序都受益于同时向Condor池提交大量计算作业的能力。然而,编写一个正确的Condor提交脚本并非易事,特别是对于不太熟悉计算机命令行的用户。因此,开发人员经常希望在Condor系统的Web客户机应用程序中创建一个作业提交页面,以便为用户提供一种运行计算作业的简便方法。为此,开发人员必须理解Condor ClassAd机制,并在应用程序需要支持用户或应用程序定义的ClassAd时提供适当的转换。本文介绍了一种使用可视化Web组件快速简便地创建作业提交页面的方法。通过将这些组件集成到一个流行的web应用程序集成开发环境(IDE)中,开发人员可以通过拖放组件轻松地组成Condor作业提交页面。这将大大减少创建作业提交应用程序所花费的时间。
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引用次数: 1
Real-time Data Delivery and Remote Visualization through Multi-layer Interfaces 通过多层接口实现实时数据传输和远程可视化
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738439
V. Sundaram, Lan Zhao, C.X. Song, Bedrich Benes, R. Veeramacheneni, P. Kristof
The high resolution NEXRAD level II data provides critical information for researchers and the broader community to understand, monitor, and predict weather in a timely manner. There are several limitations in existing systems for providing easy-to-access 3D visualization of the radar data to the user community. In this paper, we present a scalable and user driven solution for near-real-time remote radar data access, processing, and 3D visualization. The system provides multi-layered interfaces for a broad range of users with different levels of services, allowing them to interactively explore data from multiple radar stations over a time period of interest. Parallel data pre-processing using the Purdue Condor pool and volume caching are implemented to help improve the system response time and scalability. The system also provides reusable radar data services and a set of access points which can be invoked by third party applications. With this hierarchical and user driven design, our system creates a rich and easy to use NEXRAD data service environment for research and education users.
高分辨率的NEXRAD II级数据为研究人员和更广泛的社区及时了解、监测和预测天气提供了关键信息。现有系统在向用户群体提供易于访问的雷达数据3D可视化方面存在一些限制。在本文中,我们提出了一个可扩展和用户驱动的解决方案,用于近实时远程雷达数据访问,处理和3D可视化。该系统为具有不同服务水平的广泛用户提供多层接口,允许他们在一段时间内交互式地探索来自多个雷达站的数据。使用Purdue Condor池和卷缓存实现并行数据预处理,以帮助改善系统响应时间和可伸缩性。该系统还提供可重复使用的雷达数据服务和一组可被第三方应用调用的接入点。通过这种分层和用户驱动的设计,我们的系统为研究和教育用户创建了一个丰富且易于使用的NEXRAD数据服务环境。
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引用次数: 7
Automatic Certificate Based Account Generation and Secure AJAX Calls in a Grid Portal 网格门户中基于证书的自动帐户生成和安全AJAX调用
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738444
Mark L. Green, D. Alexander, R. Pundaleeka, J. Matykiewicz
Virtual organizations are interested in providing secure grid-related services to individual scientist users through portals and invest significant time and effort in managing them. Systems are often in place for users to request and receive grid certificates in many grid infrastructures as a basis for their identity in the grid. These identities are, however, typically disconnected from Web portal accounts and this presents an administrative maintenance problem. Furthermore, integrating certificate identities with grid portal identities is complicated when dynamic AJAX technology is used in the portal to connect to services outside the portal. The User Centric Monitoring project has developed a solution for automatic generation of Web portal accounts that can be synchronized to a pre-existing list of grid certificate identities.
虚拟组织感兴趣的是通过门户向单个科学家用户提供安全的网格相关服务,并投入大量时间和精力来管理这些服务。在许多网格基础结构中,用户通常有适当的系统来请求和接收网格证书,作为其在网格中的身份的基础。然而,这些身份通常与Web门户帐户断开连接,这带来了管理维护问题。此外,当在门户中使用动态AJAX技术连接到门户外部的服务时,将证书身份与网格门户身份集成会变得复杂。User Centric Monitoring项目开发了一个解决方案,用于自动生成Web门户帐户,这些帐户可以与预先存在的网格证书标识列表同步。
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引用次数: 1
Using the Pylons Web Framework for Science Gateways 科学网关使用Pylons Web框架
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738447
M. P. Thomas
Science portals and gateways are built using a variety of tools ranging from elementary customized tools to existing frameworks that bring both greater capabilities (authentication, account management, interfaces, logging etc) and more complexity (resulting in long learning curves and complex code bases). For gateways, it is important to identify frameworks that can be easily adapted to the specialized environments needed for accessing the required cyberinfrastructure. In this paper we present our experiences in developing a basic gateway portal using the Pylons Web framework, Python tools, the Globus Core Python Toolkit including pyWSRF (Web Services-Resource Framework) and pyGlobus, developing Web service clients to TeraGrid information services, and Google code tools. We have found that the Pylons Web framework, which utilizes WSGI (WS-gateway interface) and AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML), is easy to use and learn, is very flexible and has the ability to dynamically reload services without restarting the server (which dramatically reduces development and testing time). Additionally, Pylons components can be published as services, widgets and gadgets, and desktop applications.
科学门户和网关是使用各种工具构建的,从基本的定制工具到现有的框架,这些工具带来了更强大的功能(身份验证、帐户管理、接口、日志等)和更高的复杂性(导致较长的学习曲线和复杂的代码库)。对于网关,重要的是确定可以轻松适应访问所需网络基础设施所需的专门环境的框架。在本文中,我们介绍了我们使用Pylons Web框架、Python工具、Globus核心Python工具包(包括pyWSRF (Web services - resource framework)和pyGlobus)开发基本网关门户的经验,开发TeraGrid信息服务的Web服务客户端以及Google代码工具。我们发现,利用WSGI (WS-gateway接口)和AJAX(异步JavaScript和XML)的Pylons Web框架易于使用和学习,非常灵活,并且能够动态地重新加载服务,而无需重新启动服务器(这大大减少了开发和测试时间)。此外,Pylons组件可以作为服务、小部件和小工具以及桌面应用程序发布。
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引用次数: 4
Collective Collaborative Tagging System 集体协作标签系统
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738442
J. Choi, J. Rosen, S. Maini, M. Pierce, G. Fox
Currently in the Internet many collaborative tagging sites exist, but there is the need for a service to integrate the data from the multiple sites to form a large and unified set of collaborative data from which users can have more accurate and richer information than from a single site. In our paper, we have proposed a collective collaborative tagging (CCT) service architecture in which both service providers and individual users can merge folksonomy data (in the form of keyword tags) stored in different sources to build a larger, unified repository. We have also examined a range of algorithms that can be applied to different problems in folksonomy analysis and information discovery. These algorithms address several common problems for online systems: searching, getting recommendations, finding communities of similar users, and finding interesting new information by trends. Our contributions are to (a) systematically examine the available public algorithms' application to tag-based folksonomies, and (b) to propose a service architecture that can provide these algorithms as online capabilities.
目前在Internet上存在着许多协作标记站点,但是需要一种服务将多个站点的数据集成起来,形成一个庞大而统一的协作数据集,用户可以从中获得比单个站点更准确、更丰富的信息。在我们的论文中,我们提出了一个集体协作标记(CCT)服务架构,其中服务提供者和个人用户都可以合并存储在不同来源的大众分类法数据(以关键字标签的形式),以构建一个更大的统一存储库。我们还研究了一系列可以应用于民间分类学分析和信息发现中的不同问题的算法。这些算法解决了在线系统的几个常见问题:搜索、获得推荐、查找相似用户的社区以及根据趋势查找有趣的新信息。我们的贡献是:(a)系统地检查可用的公共算法在基于标签的大众分类法中的应用,以及(b)提出一种可以将这些算法作为在线功能提供的服务架构。
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引用次数: 12
On the Use of Social Networking Groups for Automatic Configuration of Virtual Grid Environments 利用社交网络组实现虚拟网格环境的自动配置
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738446
P. S. Juste, D. Wolinsky, Jiangyan Xu, M. Covington, R. Figueiredo
Social networking sites have enhanced the Web by providing online "communities" where users can easily create identities, establish relationships between identities, and share resources with one another across the Web. The availability of social networking APIs, such as OpenSocial or the Facebook platform, make it possible for third-party developers to tap into these social relationships and design socially-aware applications. In this paper, we describe how social networking groups can be used to help create virtual private computing clusters that consist of nodes spanning different administrative domains and organizations. To demonstrate the feasibility and usage of our approach, we developed a fully functional prototype implementation and present the quantitative results of our virtual private network. Our design integrates virtual machines, peer-to-peer virtual private networks, and the Facebook platform API, to enable a user community in which we can easily deploy ad-hoc Condor resource pools that are managed through the Web-based Facebook group interface.
社交网站通过提供在线“社区”增强了Web,用户可以在社区中轻松创建身份,建立身份之间的关系,并在Web上彼此共享资源。社交网络api的可用性,如OpenSocial或Facebook平台,使第三方开发者能够利用这些社交关系并设计具有社交意识的应用程序。在本文中,我们描述了如何使用社交网络组来帮助创建虚拟私有计算集群,这些集群由跨越不同管理域和组织的节点组成。为了证明我们的方法的可行性和实用性,我们开发了一个功能齐全的原型实现,并展示了我们的虚拟专用网络的定量结果。我们的设计集成了虚拟机、点对点虚拟专用网络和Facebook平台API,以实现一个用户社区,我们可以在其中轻松部署通过基于web的Facebook组界面管理的ad-hoc Condor资源池。
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引用次数: 6
Toward an OpenSocial Life Science Gateway 迈向开放社会生命科学门户
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738450
Wenjun Wu, M. Papka, R. Stevens
To enable the Life Science community to fully use TeraGrid resources for computing and data management, we developed an integrated cyber computational environment named the Open Life Science Gateway. Based on a service-oriented framework, the gateway aggregates a group of bioinformatics applications and data collections into a Web portal. Furthermore, this gateway provides a platform for life science researchers to collaboratively conduct bioinformatics computing, building their communities and sharing data and workflows. In the era of Web 2.0, gadgets such as iGoogle gadgets are becoming increasingly popular for integration and customization of Web contents from different sources. Social networking is also gaining attention because it has created powerful new ways to build virtual communities in a bottom-up manner. Google's OpenSocial framework standardizes the practices of both gadget programming and online social networking, enabling Web developers to write social gadgets that can run in any OpenSocial-compliant container. These new Web technologies can leverage science gateway portals in terms of rich user interface and social network capability, which will promote the adoption of science gateways for advanced education purpose. This paper introduces the Open Life Science Gateway service-oriented framework and describes our efforts to develop OpenSocial gadgets for running bioinformatics analysis tools on the TeraGrid resources. The gadgets can be deployed in OpenSocial containers such as the iGoogle Sandbox and Apache Shindig. With these gadgets, biologists and biology students can easily run their analysis programs and browse outputs through social Web sites.
为了使生命科学界能够充分利用TeraGrid资源进行计算和数据管理,我们开发了一个集成的网络计算环境,名为“开放生命科学网关”。该网关基于面向服务的框架,将一组生物信息学应用程序和数据集合聚合到Web门户中。此外,该网关为生命科学研究人员提供了一个协作进行生物信息学计算,建立他们的社区和共享数据和工作流程的平台。在Web 2.0时代,用于集成和定制来自不同来源的Web内容的小工具(如iGoogle小工具)正变得越来越流行。社交网络也获得了关注,因为它创造了强大的新方式,以自下而上的方式建立虚拟社区。Google的OpenSocial框架标准化了小工具编程和在线社交网络的实践,使Web开发人员能够编写可以在任何兼容OpenSocial的容器中运行的社交小工具。这些新的Web技术可以在丰富的用户界面和社交网络功能方面利用科学网关门户,这将促进科学网关用于高等教育目的的采用。本文介绍了面向服务的开放生命科学网关框架,并描述了我们为在TeraGrid资源上运行生物信息学分析工具而开发的OpenSocial小工具。这些小工具可以部署在OpenSocial容器中,例如iGoogle Sandbox和Apache Shindig。有了这些小工具,生物学家和生物学学生可以很容易地运行他们的分析程序,并通过社交网站浏览输出。
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引用次数: 5
e-Science Project and Experiment Management with Microsoft Project 电子科学项目与实验管理
Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/GCE.2008.4738449
G. von Laszewski, L. Dilmanian
The design, execution, and monitoring of challenging scientific applications is often a complex affair. To cope with the issue, several tools and frameworks have been designed and put into use. However, the entry barrier to using these tools productively is high, and may hinder the progress of many scientists or non-experts that develop workflows infrequently. As part of the Cyberaide framework, a workflow tool called grid manager had been developed and integrated using the Microsoft Project software package as an elementary component. The advantages of using such a tool are discussed in this paper. Microsoft project is a user friendly project management tool that is being used in a new context. It is being used to design and monitor the execution of grid based projects. The motivation for this choice is that many scientists are already familiar with Microsoft project. Grid Manager enables seamless access to and execution over computational Grids, such as the NSF sponsored TeraGrid. Our framework also allows integration with other resources, including Microsoft Windows HPC Server 2008 (HPC) clusters. We test our hypothesis of usability while evaluating the tool as part of several graduate level courses taught in the field of grid and cloud computing.
具有挑战性的科学应用程序的设计、执行和监控通常是一件复杂的事情。为了解决这个问题,已经设计并投入使用了一些工具和框架。然而,有效地使用这些工具的入门门槛很高,并且可能阻碍许多科学家或不经常开发工作流的非专家的进步。作为Cyberaide框架的一部分,已经开发了一个称为网格管理器的工作流工具,并使用Microsoft Project软件包作为基本组件进行了集成。本文讨论了使用这种工具的优点。Microsoft project是一个用户友好的项目管理工具,在新的环境中使用。它被用于设计和监控基于网格的项目的执行。这种选择的动机是许多科学家已经熟悉微软的项目。网格管理器支持对计算网格的无缝访问和执行,例如NSF赞助的TeraGrid。我们的框架还允许与其他资源集成,包括Microsoft Windows HPC Server 2008 (HPC)集群。作为网格和云计算领域的研究生水平课程的一部分,我们在评估该工具的同时测试了我们的可用性假设。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2008 Grid Computing Environments Workshop
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