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Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World最新文献

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Index 指数
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.15
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引用次数: 0
Causal Connections 因果关系
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.9
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引用次数: 1
The Three Conceptions Revisited 重新审视三个概念
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.8
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical Explanation 理论的解释
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.12
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引用次数: 32
Probabilistic Causality 概率因果关系
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.11
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引用次数: 68
Statistical Explanation and Its Models 统计解释及其模型
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.6
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引用次数: 0
The Mechanical Philosophy 机械哲学
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.13
R. Boyle, Isaac Beeckman, Nicholas Lemery, C. Huygens
Robert Boyle grouped his seventeenth century corpuscularian predecessors and contemporaries as the ‘mechanical philosophers’.1 He intended the term as neutral between atomists and non-atomist defenders of a common vision—that the physical world is machine-like and composed of a discernable material substratum the bits of which, in combination, give rise to familiar macro-sized entities and phenomena. While their differences regarding the nature of matter were great, two issues drew together early modern corpuscularians of all sorts, Gassendi among them. First, they were concerned to provide a suitable ontology for the mechanical philosophy. Among other things, this entailed making the mechanist picture work all the way down to the subvisible level, and building that picture up from that level. One reason this is necessary is to guarantee the scalar invariance of physical laws—that such laws work across the spectrum of magnitudes. Second, they were for the most part concerned to meet empiricist constraints and interests of the new science. This entailed,
罗伯特·波义耳把他17世纪的微粒论前辈和同时代人称为“机械哲学家”他打算用这个词作为原子论者和非原子论者之间的中立,来捍卫一个共同的观点——物理世界是机器一样的,是由可识别的物质基础组成的,这些物质基础的各个部分结合起来,就产生了我们熟悉的宏观实体和现象。尽管他们对物质本质的看法分歧很大,但有两个问题把各种各样的早期现代微粒学家聚集在一起,伽桑第就是其中之一。首先,他们关心的是为机械哲学提供一个合适的本体论。除此之外,这需要让机械论的图景一直工作到不可见的层面,并从这个层面构建这幅图景。这样做的一个必要原因是为了保证物理定律的标量不变性——即这些定律在整个数量级范围内都有效。其次,他们在很大程度上是为了满足经验主义的约束和新科学的利益。这意味着,
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引用次数: 0
Objective Homogeneity 客观的同质性
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.7
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引用次数: 0
Back Matter 回到问题
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.16
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引用次数: 0
Scientific Explanation: 科学的解释:
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv173f2gh.5
Bradford Skow
The title of this chapter is misleading. “Scientific explanation” is the traditional name for a topic philosophers of science are supposed to have something to say about. But it is a bad name for that topic. For one thing, theories of scientific explanation don’t have an activity that is exclusive to scientists as their subject matter. Non-scientists do it too, all the time; they just have less specialized knowledge to use, and direct their attention to less complicated phenomena. This suggests that we drop the adjective “scientific” and call the topic “explanation.” But the word “explanation” all by itself is also a bad name for the topic. What philosophers have called theories of explanation are meant to say something about what is happening in scenarios like these:
这一章的标题容易引起误解。“科学解释”是一个传统的名称,是科学哲学家应该对这个话题有所阐述的。但这对这个话题来说是个坏名字。首先,科学解释的理论并没有一个科学家独有的活动作为它们的主题。非科学家也一直这么做;他们只是没有那么多专业知识可用,把注意力集中在不那么复杂的现象上。这就建议我们放弃“科学”这个形容词,而称这个话题为“解释”。但是“解释”这个词本身对于这个话题来说也是一个不好的名字。哲学家们所谓的解释理论旨在说明在以下情况下发生的事情:
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World
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