Clitoral reconstructive surgery was introduced in Sweden in 2014. It aims at restoring both the function and anatomy of the clitoris. While the success of this intervention is at present largely un ...
{"title":"The meaning of clitoral reconstruction (CR) and female genital cutting among immigrant women asking for CR surgery in Sweden","authors":"Malin Jordal","doi":"10.4324/9781351133678-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133678-6","url":null,"abstract":"Clitoral reconstructive surgery was introduced in Sweden in 2014. It aims at restoring both the function and anatomy of the clitoris. While the success of this intervention is at present largely un ...","PeriodicalId":354483,"journal":{"name":"Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117232948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.4324/9781351133678-11
V. Wild, H. Poulin, C. McDougall, A. Stöckl, N. Biller-Andorno
{"title":"Hymen reconstruction as pragmatic empowerment?","authors":"V. Wild, H. Poulin, C. McDougall, A. Stöckl, N. Biller-Andorno","doi":"10.4324/9781351133678-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133678-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354483,"journal":{"name":"Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130784649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since clitoral reconstruction (CR) after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) was first reported in Egypt by Thabet and in France by Pierre Fold’s in the early 2000s, multiple scholarly publications on CR have been published by urologists, gynaecologists and plastic surgeons. Most of these publications address surgical techniques, the need for multidisciplinary care accompanying the surgery as well as issues of safety, body image, sexual and pain outcomes. CR seems to reduce/resolve clitoral pain and to improve sexual function and body image at different rates. The reduction of pain may be explained by the removal of post-traumatic painful clitoral neuromas from the FGM/C scar. The improvement of the sexual function may be due to a more accessible clitoris and/or a better body image and gender identity after surgery. However, there is still very little understanding and evidence regarding CR and less invasive treatments (e.g. psychosexual therapy). Because of this, the Guidelines on Management of FGM/C of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and of the World Health Organization do not recommend CR as a standard procedure. This chapter provides an overview of what is known about sexual health and CR after FGM/C. It suggests that further collaborations and research are needed to obtain more conclusive evidence and better understanding of the medical, psychosocial and cultural dimensions of CR, and then inform and treat women and girls more effectively.
{"title":"Psychosexual health after female genital mutilation/cutting and clitoral reconstruction","authors":"J. Abdulcadir","doi":"10.4324/9781351133678-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133678-2","url":null,"abstract":"Since clitoral reconstruction (CR) after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) was first reported in Egypt by Thabet and in France by Pierre Fold’s in the early 2000s, multiple scholarly publications on CR have been published by urologists, gynaecologists and plastic surgeons. Most of these publications address surgical techniques, the need for multidisciplinary care accompanying the surgery as well as issues of safety, body image, sexual and pain outcomes. CR seems to reduce/resolve clitoral pain and to improve sexual function and body image at different rates. The reduction of pain may be explained by the removal of post-traumatic painful clitoral neuromas from the FGM/C scar. The improvement of the sexual function may be due to a more accessible clitoris and/or a better body image and gender identity after surgery. However, there is still very little understanding and evidence regarding CR and less invasive treatments (e.g. psychosexual therapy). Because of this, the Guidelines on Management of FGM/C of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and of the World Health Organization do not recommend CR as a standard procedure. This chapter provides an overview of what is known about sexual health and CR after FGM/C. It suggests that further collaborations and research are needed to obtain more conclusive evidence and better understanding of the medical, psychosocial and cultural dimensions of CR, and then inform and treat women and girls more effectively.","PeriodicalId":354483,"journal":{"name":"Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121807559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.4324/9781351133678-16
C. Pedwell
Making links between gendered embodied practices understood to be rooted in different cultural and geo-political contexts has become increasingly common within feminist literatures as a means to counter racism and cultural essentialism. The cross-cultural comparison most commonly made in this context is that between so-called ‘African’ female genital cutting (FGC) and ‘western’ body modifications. In this chapter, I analyse some of the ways in which FGC practices and other body-altering procedures (such as cosmetic surgery, intersex operations and 19th-century clitoridectomy) are compared within feminist texts. I identify two main comparative strategies, which I have termed ‘continuum’ and ‘analogue’ approaches. Because these strategies privilege gender and sexuality, I contend that they tend to efface the operation of other axes of social differentiation, namely race, cultural difference and nation. As such, the continuum and analogue approaches often reproduce problematic relationships between race and gender whilst failing to address the implicit role which race, cultural difference and nation continue to play in such models. I argue that feminists might more successfully seek to develop understanding, awareness and accountability across cultural and geo-political boundaries through examining, and engaging with, the intersectional processes through which embodied practices are relationally and hierarchically constructed.
{"title":"Beyond comparison","authors":"C. Pedwell","doi":"10.4324/9781351133678-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351133678-16","url":null,"abstract":"Making links between gendered embodied practices understood to be rooted in different cultural and geo-political contexts has become increasingly common within feminist literatures as a means to counter racism and cultural essentialism. The cross-cultural comparison most commonly made in this context is that between so-called ‘African’ female genital cutting (FGC) and ‘western’ body modifications. In this chapter, I analyse some of the ways in which FGC practices and other body-altering procedures (such as cosmetic surgery, intersex operations and 19th-century clitoridectomy) are compared within feminist texts. I identify two main comparative strategies, which I have termed ‘continuum’ and ‘analogue’ approaches. Because these strategies privilege gender and sexuality, I contend that they tend to efface the operation of other axes of social differentiation, namely race, cultural difference and nation. As such, the continuum and analogue approaches often reproduce problematic relationships between race and gender whilst failing to address the implicit role which race, cultural difference and nation continue to play in such models. I argue that feminists might more successfully seek to develop understanding, awareness and accountability across cultural and geo-political boundaries through examining, and engaging with, the intersectional processes through which embodied practices are relationally and hierarchically constructed.","PeriodicalId":354483,"journal":{"name":"Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries","volume":"23 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114106207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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