Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130837
N. Yusuf, E. Ogezi, E. S. Salau
The research paper analysed the fine causes of farmer herder conflicts in Nigeria and also examined the magnitude of the conflict in terms of its evolution from an agricultural resource conflict to a less definable crisis that threatens to tear down the fabric of national unity. Continual misconceptions and misinterpretations of causes and motives of the conflict project further the polarized nature of Nigerian inter-ethnic interactions and the gradual diminishing of national identity. Greater incidence and intensity of the farmer-herder conflict has given rise to more violent herders and a tribal militia movement seeking to match the aggression. Analysts have expressed fear of these conflicts spiralling into a complex civil war and the need for the government to grab a hold of the conflicts for the sake of the parties involved. A total of 384 farmers and herders from conflict prone areas have been used for this study. The results and transcripts of the FGD were collated and summarised, they formed the substance of the tables developed. The key objective of the study is to arrive at some of the less empirical but silently impactful causes and magnitude of the farmer-herder conflicts which has been declared the deadliest conflict form in Nigeria. Developing a long-term, far-reaching and all-inclusive framework for the mutually beneficial use of land resources by all factions embroiled in this conflict is a first step to resolving the conflicts has been recommended.
{"title":"Latent Causes and Magnitude of Farmers-Herder Agricultural Resource Conflicts that has Formed the New Wave of Conflict in Nigeria","authors":"N. Yusuf, E. Ogezi, E. S. Salau","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130837","url":null,"abstract":"The research paper analysed the fine causes of farmer herder conflicts in Nigeria and also examined the magnitude of the conflict in terms of its evolution from an agricultural resource conflict to a less definable crisis that threatens to tear down the fabric of national unity. Continual misconceptions and misinterpretations of causes and motives of the conflict project further the polarized nature of Nigerian inter-ethnic interactions and the gradual diminishing of national identity. Greater incidence and intensity of the farmer-herder conflict has given rise to more violent herders and a tribal militia movement seeking to match the aggression. Analysts have expressed fear of these conflicts spiralling into a complex civil war and the need for the government to grab a hold of the conflicts for the sake of the parties involved. A total of 384 farmers and herders from conflict prone areas have been used for this study. The results and transcripts of the FGD were collated and summarised, they formed the substance of the tables developed. The key objective of the study is to arrive at some of the less empirical but silently impactful causes and magnitude of the farmer-herder conflicts which has been declared the deadliest conflict form in Nigeria. Developing a long-term, far-reaching and all-inclusive framework for the mutually beneficial use of land resources by all factions embroiled in this conflict is a first step to resolving the conflicts has been recommended.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130838
Sourabh Yogi, V. Khune, Vandana Bhagat, Nishma Singh, R. Pathak, Sudheer Bhagat, Anupam Soni
Cow dung is very useful as fertilizer, with help of earthworms a unique product vermicompost is formed. Importance of vermicompost over chemical fertilizer is accepted by all. There is plenty of cow dung but vermi tank are limited, here we have discussed some innovations to fasten the process of maturation by using decomposer, bacteria and fungi species, here we have reviewed different methods. It found significantly higher phosphorus percent in slurry method, slight more K percent compare to conventional method, not much difference in N content are reported, almost two folds increase in useful bacteria fungi and azotobacter population are recorded as compare to conventional. There are reported increase in N and P contents of manure after inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N-fixing bacteria. Waste decomposer which contains fungi Trichoderma viridae and strains of bacteria Pseudomonus fluorescence and Azotobactor chroococcum also impart positive effects on nutrients composition in manure and also a symbiosis effect on earthworm population. The method of Pile composting enriched with decomposer will be prove as very useful for huge quantity waste with less resources and time.
{"title":"A Review on Vermicompost Enrichment: In Prospect of Village Level","authors":"Sourabh Yogi, V. Khune, Vandana Bhagat, Nishma Singh, R. Pathak, Sudheer Bhagat, Anupam Soni","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130838","url":null,"abstract":"Cow dung is very useful as fertilizer, with help of earthworms a unique product vermicompost is formed. Importance of vermicompost over chemical fertilizer is accepted by all. There is plenty of cow dung but vermi tank are limited, here we have discussed some innovations to fasten the process of maturation by using decomposer, bacteria and fungi species, here we have reviewed different methods. It found significantly higher phosphorus percent in slurry method, slight more K percent compare to conventional method, not much difference in N content are reported, almost two folds increase in useful bacteria fungi and azotobacter population are recorded as compare to conventional. There are reported increase in N and P contents of manure after inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N-fixing bacteria. Waste decomposer which contains fungi Trichoderma viridae and strains of bacteria Pseudomonus fluorescence and Azotobactor chroococcum also impart positive effects on nutrients composition in manure and also a symbiosis effect on earthworm population. The method of Pile composting enriched with decomposer will be prove as very useful for huge quantity waste with less resources and time.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129583134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130836
A. Shafiwu, Mensah Cobbina Tawiah
Tomatoes are a crucial component in the diets of Ghanaian households and contribute significantly to the nutritional needs of most rural and peri-urban farmers. However, tomato marketing and its related activities in Ghana are low compared to its production. Against this backdrop, this study examines the marketing efficiency of tomatoes in selected agro-ecological zones of Ghana. A snowball technique was used to determine 65 market players from four (4) major markets of the three agro-ecological sectors. Using marketing margins and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, we analyze the marketing efficiency of actors in the tomato value chain and the determinants of farmer's marketing efficiency. The results revealed that farmers' marketing efficiency (ME) was higher than ME of wholesalers but not as high as those attained by retailers; however, farmers had the least market power. The results further revealed that variables such as education, experience in tomato farming, membership in FBO, GSZ location, price of tomato, cost of storage and post-harvest losses significantly affect ME of farmers. The study recommends that the government invest in efficient transportation and storage infrastructure to reduce transportation and storage costs in the tomato value chain. Government should also strengthen the buffer stock program to buy farm produce and stabilize prices to minimize exploitative power of market queens and retailers in the tomato value chain.
{"title":"Assessing Tomato Marketing Efficiency in Selected Agro-Ecological Zones of Ghana","authors":"A. Shafiwu, Mensah Cobbina Tawiah","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130836","url":null,"abstract":"Tomatoes are a crucial component in the diets of Ghanaian households and contribute significantly to the nutritional needs of most rural and peri-urban farmers. However, tomato marketing and its related activities in Ghana are low compared to its production. Against this backdrop, this study examines the marketing efficiency of tomatoes in selected agro-ecological zones of Ghana. A snowball technique was used to determine 65 market players from four (4) major markets of the three agro-ecological sectors. Using marketing margins and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, we analyze the marketing efficiency of actors in the tomato value chain and the determinants of farmer's marketing efficiency. The results revealed that farmers' marketing efficiency (ME) was higher than ME of wholesalers but not as high as those attained by retailers; however, farmers had the least market power. The results further revealed that variables such as education, experience in tomato farming, membership in FBO, GSZ location, price of tomato, cost of storage and post-harvest losses significantly affect ME of farmers. The study recommends that the government invest in efficient transportation and storage infrastructure to reduce transportation and storage costs in the tomato value chain. Government should also strengthen the buffer stock program to buy farm produce and stabilize prices to minimize exploitative power of market queens and retailers in the tomato value chain.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus on career and career preparation has long been a major component of secondary agricultural education programs. Aspiration can be defined as hope or ambition of achieving something. The occupational choices for agricultural students are many, varied and chosen based. The study was carried out in college of Agriculture, Jabalpur, JNKVV with the total sample of 120, level of occupational aspiration of undergraduate and postgraduate students were determined. The socio personal traits of the Undergraduate(UG) and Postgraduate(PG) result found that majority of the students enrolled were male for undergraduate and postgraduate, had attended the medium of school as hindi for both UG and PG, nearly half of the respondents fathers were in government services for both UG and PG, both UG and PG graduates majority mothers were housewives, family size was small(55%) for UG and 50.00 per cent medium family size for PG Students, and academic performance, UG and PG students had secured 1st division. The result concluded that in socio personal traits of both the undergraduate and postgraduate students had medium level of occupational aspiration i.e 53.40 and 51.60 respectively.
{"title":"Aspiration Level of Undergraduates and Post Graduate Agriculture Students","authors":"Nedhi Rani Sharma, Seema Naberia, Takre Vishal, Yeragorla Venkata Harikrishna","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130834","url":null,"abstract":"The focus on career and career preparation has long been a major component of secondary agricultural education programs. Aspiration can be defined as hope or ambition of achieving something. The occupational choices for agricultural students are many, varied and chosen based. The study was carried out in college of Agriculture, Jabalpur, JNKVV with the total sample of 120, level of occupational aspiration of undergraduate and postgraduate students were determined. The socio personal traits of the Undergraduate(UG) and Postgraduate(PG) result found that majority of the students enrolled were male for undergraduate and postgraduate, had attended the medium of school as hindi for both UG and PG, nearly half of the respondents fathers were in government services for both UG and PG, both UG and PG graduates majority mothers were housewives, family size was small(55%) for UG and 50.00 per cent medium family size for PG Students, and academic performance, UG and PG students had secured 1st division. The result concluded that in socio personal traits of both the undergraduate and postgraduate students had medium level of occupational aspiration i.e 53.40 and 51.60 respectively.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115456698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-22DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130835
Haritha Paul, U. K. N.
Aims: India is the world's largest cashew producer, processor, and consumer. For years, India had an unrivalled and unchallenged monopoly on cashew production, processing, and marketing around the world. Considering the promising future of the cashew export market, the study aimed to analyse the problems faced by the cashew exporters in Kerala. Place and Duration of the Study: 65 cashew exporters (who have been continuously exporting the cashew for the last five years) in Kollam district of Kerala were selected randomly and the primary survey was conducted through a pre –tested structured questionnaire. Methods: To find out the most significant factor which influences the respondent, Garrett’s ranking technique is used. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides the change of orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of respondents. Results: The study highlighted that the major problems faced by the cashew exporters are high processing cost, unattainable of Standard Input-output Norms (SION), threats of foreign entrants to the domestic market, reduction in international share, the orientation of processing to big sectors, and the exploring of new markets. Conclusion: Thereby the protective policies like, increase exportable grades has to be fixed at ratio of 1:6, withdrawing the basic customs duty imposed on the imported cashew and increase the export incentives adopted by the government, which will helps to reduce the problems in the cashew industry. In addition to that contribute in a better way to the growth of the country by providing gainful employment opportunities via attaining women empowerment fetching foreign exchange to the nation and protecting it as a dominant position in the international market that it used to enjoy till a decade back.
{"title":"Problems Faced by the Cashew Exporters in Kerala","authors":"Haritha Paul, U. K. N.","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130835","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: India is the world's largest cashew producer, processor, and consumer. For years, India had an unrivalled and unchallenged monopoly on cashew production, processing, and marketing around the world. Considering the promising future of the cashew export market, the study aimed to analyse the problems faced by the cashew exporters in Kerala. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: 65 cashew exporters (who have been continuously exporting the cashew for the last five years) in Kollam district of Kerala were selected randomly and the primary survey was conducted through a pre –tested structured questionnaire. \u0000Methods: To find out the most significant factor which influences the respondent, Garrett’s ranking technique is used. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides the change of orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of respondents. \u0000Results: The study highlighted that the major problems faced by the cashew exporters are high processing cost, unattainable of Standard Input-output Norms (SION), threats of foreign entrants to the domestic market, reduction in international share, the orientation of processing to big sectors, and the exploring of new markets. \u0000Conclusion: Thereby the protective policies like, increase exportable grades has to be fixed at ratio of 1:6, withdrawing the basic customs duty imposed on the imported cashew and increase the export incentives adopted by the government, which will helps to reduce the problems in the cashew industry. In addition to that contribute in a better way to the growth of the country by providing gainful employment opportunities via attaining women empowerment fetching foreign exchange to the nation and protecting it as a dominant position in the international market that it used to enjoy till a decade back.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127531571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130833
A. Abdullahi, A. G. Daramola, T. Amos
The study employed a stochastic frontier profit function to measure profit efficiency among rice farmers in North Central, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 218 rice farming household heads in six Local Government Areas of North Central, Nigeria. The results showed that rice production is highly profitable with an estimated net farm income and Gross margin of N67,808.31 and N 70,273.56 per hectare and the return on investment of N1.26 was realized as profit for every one naira invested in production of rice in North Central Nigeria. The gross ratio of 0.46 and the operating ratio of 0.44 are indicators that rice production was profitable in the study area. Furthermore, the result of tranlog stochastic function revealed that rice farmers in North Central were not all fully profit efficient and thus an average farmer in study area could potentially increase profit level if resources are more efficiently utilized. However, the results show that fertilizer, labour, agrochemical, farm size, age, household size, education, farming experience, awareness of climate change and access to climate information had significant effects on the profit efficiency of rice farmers in the study area. The study recommended that since the area has a great potential to increase rice production and farmers’ income, efforts should be made by encouraging rice farmers to intensify the use of improved varieties of rice in order to increase their output. Now that the present administration change agenda is geared towards agriculture, youths in the country could be encouraged by government at all levels and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to venture into rice farming agribusiness that will serve as potential employment source.
{"title":"Determinants of Profit Efficiency among Small Scale Rice Farmers in North Central, Nigeria: A Profit Function Approach","authors":"A. Abdullahi, A. G. Daramola, T. Amos","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130833","url":null,"abstract":"The study employed a stochastic frontier profit function to measure profit efficiency among rice farmers in North Central, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 218 rice farming household heads in six Local Government Areas of North Central, Nigeria. The results showed that rice production is highly profitable with an estimated net farm income and Gross margin of N67,808.31 and N 70,273.56 per hectare and the return on investment of N1.26 was realized as profit for every one naira invested in production of rice in North Central Nigeria. The gross ratio of 0.46 and the operating ratio of 0.44 are indicators that rice production was profitable in the study area. Furthermore, the result of tranlog stochastic function revealed that rice farmers in North Central were not all fully profit efficient and thus an average farmer in study area could potentially increase profit level if resources are more efficiently utilized. However, the results show that fertilizer, labour, agrochemical, farm size, age, household size, education, farming experience, awareness of climate change and access to climate information had significant effects on the profit efficiency of rice farmers in the study area. The study recommended that since the area has a great potential to increase rice production and farmers’ income, efforts should be made by encouraging rice farmers to intensify the use of improved varieties of rice in order to increase their output. Now that the present administration change agenda is geared towards agriculture, youths in the country could be encouraged by government at all levels and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to venture into rice farming agribusiness that will serve as potential employment source.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127529778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130832
C. Kumar, K. Ravi Kumar, K. S. Raju Paul, P. Gopal, V. S. Rao
This study mainly focused on impact of MIS on prices realization of selected minor forest produce (MFP) viz., honey (Apis dorsata), hill broom (Thysanolaena maxima), Naramamidi bark (Litsea deccanensis), Seeded Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Marking nut (Semecarpus anacardium) and Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique was employed to analyse impact of market information on price realization of MFP. Primary data was collected from 360 farmer respondents from HAT zone in Andhra Pradesh state. The Probit regression results indicated that considered variables has positive significant association and influenced to access market information in the study viz., experience, frequency of visit to Girijan Primary Co-operative Marketing Society (GPCMS), access to mobile phone, education and trainings on the importance of MIS in accessing market information from GPCMS and Primary Procurement Centres (PPCs). Access to market information by the tribal farmers revealed significant impact (P<0.001) on treated, as the impact indicator (prices) is higher for them compared to untreated. The treated were significantly benefited from market information by 15.19 per cent for honey, 37.95 per cent for hill broom and 89.16 per cent for Naramamidi bark, 60.27 per cent for seeded tamarind, 115.45 per cent for Marking nut and 133.34 per cent for myrobalan.
{"title":"Impact of Marketing Information System (MIS) on Prices Realization of Minor Forest Produce (MFP) in High Altitude and Tribal (HAT) Zone of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"C. Kumar, K. Ravi Kumar, K. S. Raju Paul, P. Gopal, V. S. Rao","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130832","url":null,"abstract":"This study mainly focused on impact of MIS on prices realization of selected minor forest produce (MFP) viz., honey (Apis dorsata), hill broom (Thysanolaena maxima), Naramamidi bark (Litsea deccanensis), Seeded Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Marking nut (Semecarpus anacardium) and Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique was employed to analyse impact of market information on price realization of MFP. Primary data was collected from 360 farmer respondents from HAT zone in Andhra Pradesh state. The Probit regression results indicated that considered variables has positive significant association and influenced to access market information in the study viz., experience, frequency of visit to Girijan Primary Co-operative Marketing Society (GPCMS), access to mobile phone, education and trainings on the importance of MIS in accessing market information from GPCMS and Primary Procurement Centres (PPCs). Access to market information by the tribal farmers revealed significant impact (P<0.001) on treated, as the impact indicator (prices) is higher for them compared to untreated. The treated were significantly benefited from market information by 15.19 per cent for honey, 37.95 per cent for hill broom and 89.16 per cent for Naramamidi bark, 60.27 per cent for seeded tamarind, 115.45 per cent for Marking nut and 133.34 per cent for myrobalan.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130694257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130831
Joseph Kizito Mhagama, J. Mmasa
This study assessed power relations among actors in the sesame value chain in Tanzania. The study employed cross-sectional research design, whereas a sample 58 Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS) was randomly drawn through probability sampling techniques. Data were collected using survey questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informants interviews and analysed using descriptive analysis. The study found that AMCOS positively influence power relations among actors in the sesame value chain. Further, the study revealed that capacity of sesame AMCOS in Lindi and Mtwara is low and policy framework guiding the sesame sub-sector is weak, hence paving way to middlemen (chomachoma) dominancy, poor operation of Warehouse Receipt System (WHRS) and low productivity. It was further eminent that demographic factors; age, education, sex, income and non-farm activities are important factors on the performance of actors in the chain. The sub-sector map shows sesame products currently flowing via several alternative supply paths; from farm to various end market consumers in Tanzania and abroad. The data unveiled six primary channels or supply paths operating within the regions. The study concluded that dominance of uncoordinated and unregulated middlemen in the sesame value chain as well as heavy involvement of UNIONS and government in the marketing of sesame is the direct effect of weak support services provided by AMCOS resulting from lack of policy framework to guide the sub-sector. The Study recommends strengthening institutional and technical capacity of the sesame AMCOS and improving policy environment to allow the sub-sector to thrive and benefit its stakeholders, majority of who are resource poor smallholder farmers.
{"title":"Assessment of the Power Relations among Strategic Actors in the Sesame Value Chain in Tanzania","authors":"Joseph Kizito Mhagama, J. Mmasa","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130831","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed power relations among actors in the sesame value chain in Tanzania. The study employed cross-sectional research design, whereas a sample 58 Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies (AMCOS) was randomly drawn through probability sampling techniques. Data were collected using survey questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informants interviews and analysed using descriptive analysis. The study found that AMCOS positively influence power relations among actors in the sesame value chain. Further, the study revealed that capacity of sesame AMCOS in Lindi and Mtwara is low and policy framework guiding the sesame sub-sector is weak, hence paving way to middlemen (chomachoma) dominancy, poor operation of Warehouse Receipt System (WHRS) and low productivity. It was further eminent that demographic factors; age, education, sex, income and non-farm activities are important factors on the performance of actors in the chain. The sub-sector map shows sesame products currently flowing via several alternative supply paths; from farm to various end market consumers in Tanzania and abroad. The data unveiled six primary channels or supply paths operating within the regions. The study concluded that dominance of uncoordinated and unregulated middlemen in the sesame value chain as well as heavy involvement of UNIONS and government in the marketing of sesame is the direct effect of weak support services provided by AMCOS resulting from lack of policy framework to guide the sub-sector. The Study recommends strengthening institutional and technical capacity of the sesame AMCOS and improving policy environment to allow the sub-sector to thrive and benefit its stakeholders, majority of who are resource poor smallholder farmers.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120957144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130830
Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Abu Saem, Md. Faruq Hasan
The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of use of the improved practices by the farmers in potato cultivation, and to explore the relationships between selected characteristics of the farmers and their use of improved practices. The study was carried out in Nandigram Upazila of Bogura District of Bangladesh. Data are collected via face-to-face interview from 94 randomly selected farmers by using structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for measuring the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient(r) was performed to determine the relationships between the selected characteristics and use of improved practices. Findings indicated that majority (70.2%) of the farmers had medium use of improve practices compared to 16.0% low and 13.8% had high use of improve practices. Among the selected characteristics; education, farm size, organizational participation and extension media contact had positive significant relationship with their use of improved practices in potato cultivation, while age showed the negative significant relationship. Hence, use of improved practices in potato cultivation was significantly affected by these significant characteristics. According to Use Index (UI), ‘ridge and furrow method’ and ‘ploughing with power tiller’ were the first ranked improved practices used by the farmers in potato cultivation having similar use index. On the other hand, the bottom ranked improved practices in the potato cultivation was ‘vermicomposting’. Further research on attitude and perception of the farmers towards improved practices in potato cultivation might be considered in same or other location of the country.
{"title":"Farmers’ Use of Improved Practices in Potato Cultivation","authors":"Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Abu Saem, Md. Faruq Hasan","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130830","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of use of the improved practices by the farmers in potato cultivation, and to explore the relationships between selected characteristics of the farmers and their use of improved practices. The study was carried out in Nandigram Upazila of Bogura District of Bangladesh. Data are collected via face-to-face interview from 94 randomly selected farmers by using structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for measuring the frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient(r) was performed to determine the relationships between the selected characteristics and use of improved practices. Findings indicated that majority (70.2%) of the farmers had medium use of improve practices compared to 16.0% low and 13.8% had high use of improve practices. Among the selected characteristics; education, farm size, organizational participation and extension media contact had positive significant relationship with their use of improved practices in potato cultivation, while age showed the negative significant relationship. Hence, use of improved practices in potato cultivation was significantly affected by these significant characteristics. According to Use Index (UI), ‘ridge and furrow method’ and ‘ploughing with power tiller’ were the first ranked improved practices used by the farmers in potato cultivation having similar use index. On the other hand, the bottom ranked improved practices in the potato cultivation was ‘vermicomposting’. Further research on attitude and perception of the farmers towards improved practices in potato cultivation might be considered in same or other location of the country.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134184382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130828
D. Nigade, P. R. Deshmukh, V. Kamble
The present investigation was conducted in Latur and Osmanabad district of the Marathwada region during the year 2020 and 2021 which was selected purposively on the basis of maximum number of Kisan Credit Card Scheme beneficiary farmers. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted in this study. The data were collected with the help of pretested interview schedule from the respondents and analysed by using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, multiple regression analysis and Path analysis. It was observed from correlation analysis that education, annual income, occupation, land holding, social participation and extension contact were positively and significantly related with the impact of KCC Scheme while sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge were positive and highly significant relationship with the impact of KCC Scheme. The variable namely age, size of family and type of family were non-significant with the impact of KCC Scheme. It was observed from multiple regression analysis that co-efficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.778. The value of ‘t’ showed that impact of KCC Scheme was significantly related with education, annual income, occupation, land holding, extension contact, sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge. In relation to path analysis, it was observed that, sources of information, extension contact, education, knowledge, land holding, annual income, social participation, age, occupation and risk orientation were important variables in absence of which independent variables are not able to influence the impact of KCC Scheme on its beneficiaries.
{"title":"Relational Analysis between Profile of Kisan Credit Card Scheme Beneficiary Farmers and Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme","authors":"D. Nigade, P. R. Deshmukh, V. Kamble","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i130828","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted in Latur and Osmanabad district of the Marathwada region during the year 2020 and 2021 which was selected purposively on the basis of maximum number of Kisan Credit Card Scheme beneficiary farmers. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted in this study. The data were collected with the help of pretested interview schedule from the respondents and analysed by using Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, multiple regression analysis and Path analysis. It was observed from correlation analysis that education, annual income, occupation, land holding, social participation and extension contact were positively and significantly related with the impact of KCC Scheme while sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge were positive and highly significant relationship with the impact of KCC Scheme. The variable namely age, size of family and type of family were non-significant with the impact of KCC Scheme. It was observed from multiple regression analysis that co-efficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.778. The value of ‘t’ showed that impact of KCC Scheme was significantly related with education, annual income, occupation, land holding, extension contact, sources of information, economic motivation, risk orientation and knowledge. In relation to path analysis, it was observed that, sources of information, extension contact, education, knowledge, land holding, annual income, social participation, age, occupation and risk orientation were important variables in absence of which independent variables are not able to influence the impact of KCC Scheme on its beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115842314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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