We denote as self-properties the control a system exerts on itself autonomically to achieve and maintain quality-of service (QoS). Our focus is in external, non-intrusive approaches and in this paper we focus mainly timeliness objectives. The self-adaptation process must be guided by the specification of the desired qualities. In this paper we describe the design of a contract-broker (C-Broker) architecture for implementing quality-of-service features and Self- properties. We also show how basic QoS features were implemented in C-Broker. Our approach involved dynamic XML specifications for required parameters.
{"title":"Extensible Contract Broker for Performance Differentiation","authors":"P. Furtado, Celso Rafael Santos","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.7","url":null,"abstract":"We denote as self-properties the control a system exerts on itself autonomically to achieve and maintain quality-of service (QoS). Our focus is in external, non-intrusive approaches and in this paper we focus mainly timeliness objectives. The self-adaptation process must be guided by the specification of the desired qualities. In this paper we describe the design of a contract-broker (C-Broker) architecture for implementing quality-of-service features and Self- properties. We also show how basic QoS features were implemented in C-Broker. Our approach involved dynamic XML specifications for required parameters.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117265974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a proposal for an autonomic grid management system (AGMS) using IBM's Autonomic Toolkit. The AGMS proposed would be knowledgeable on grid workflow patterns be able to sense and change grid resources and services according to a set of grid policies. The AGMS will perform preventative and corrective maintenance procedures on the grid to ensure its workflows are being completed properly. This should result in improved grid service reliability and job submission resiliency.
{"title":"A Proposal for an Autonomic Grid Management System","authors":"R. Desmarais, H. Müller","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a proposal for an autonomic grid management system (AGMS) using IBM's Autonomic Toolkit. The AGMS proposed would be knowledgeable on grid workflow patterns be able to sense and change grid resources and services according to a set of grid policies. The AGMS will perform preventative and corrective maintenance procedures on the grid to ensure its workflows are being completed properly. This should result in improved grid service reliability and job submission resiliency.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An adaptation in a distributed system involves changes to multiple processes. Since the adaptation cannot happen atomically (instantaneously), the changes to multiple processes need to be synchronized to ensure correctness of adaptation. The service interruption time and communication overhead during adaptation depend on the synchronization required when changing multiple processes. In this paper we consider mixed-mode adaptation that helps in reducing the synchronization requirements during adaptation, thereby improving the service interruption time and communication overhead. However, there are challenges in mixed-mode adaptation due to overlapping of behavior during adaptation. In this paper, we identify various challenges in mixed-mode adaptation and discuss how we address some of them using a case study.
{"title":"Mixed-Mode Adaptation in Distributed Systems: A Case Study","authors":"Karun N. Biyani, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.12","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptation in a distributed system involves changes to multiple processes. Since the adaptation cannot happen atomically (instantaneously), the changes to multiple processes need to be synchronized to ensure correctness of adaptation. The service interruption time and communication overhead during adaptation depend on the synchronization required when changing multiple processes. In this paper we consider mixed-mode adaptation that helps in reducing the synchronization requirements during adaptation, thereby improving the service interruption time and communication overhead. However, there are challenges in mixed-mode adaptation due to overlapping of behavior during adaptation. In this paper, we identify various challenges in mixed-mode adaptation and discuss how we address some of them using a case study.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116143362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ubiquitous systems adaptive to their dynamic environments find their roles useful in many modern applications. Their adaptability, however, can be badly impaired if the environments are incorrectly perceived. Our earlier work has proposed a technique to evaluate the constraints that govern the consistency of perceived environmental information. This technique generates links as the evaluation result to explain how the constraints are satisfied or violated. However, the technique may generate redundant links and may not effectively utilize resources in both time and space. To address the problem, this paper presents a goal-directed technique to enhance our earlier link generation semantics. We evaluate the technique analytically, and show how the enhanced semantics helps reduce the number of generated redundant links for context validation.
{"title":"Goal-Directed Context Validation for Adaptive Ubiquitous Systems","authors":"Chang Xu, S. Cheung, W. Chan","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous systems adaptive to their dynamic environments find their roles useful in many modern applications. Their adaptability, however, can be badly impaired if the environments are incorrectly perceived. Our earlier work has proposed a technique to evaluate the constraints that govern the consistency of perceived environmental information. This technique generates links as the evaluation result to explain how the constraints are satisfied or violated. However, the technique may generate redundant links and may not effectively utilize resources in both time and space. To address the problem, this paper presents a goal-directed technique to enhance our earlier link generation semantics. We evaluate the technique analytically, and show how the enhanced semantics helps reduce the number of generated redundant links for context validation.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125217980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an introduction to our research towards a new generic architecture model for autonomic elements. In this article, we present briefly the autonomic system specification language (ASSL) framework, which emphasizes the new architecture model. We go over the multi-tier architecture of the ASSL framework and explain in detail the autonomic element architecture 's functional units. Moreover, we reveal the different architecture styles of autonomic systems imposed by ASSL. In this paper, we do not talk about implementation concerns or syntax and semantic aspects of ASSL, since these are going to be tackled by our ongoing research and described in other papers.
{"title":"Towards an Autonomic Element Architecture for ASSL","authors":"Emil Vassev, J. Paquet","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.21","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an introduction to our research towards a new generic architecture model for autonomic elements. In this article, we present briefly the autonomic system specification language (ASSL) framework, which emphasizes the new architecture model. We go over the multi-tier architecture of the ASSL framework and explain in detail the autonomic element architecture 's functional units. Moreover, we reveal the different architecture styles of autonomic systems imposed by ASSL. In this paper, we do not talk about implementation concerns or syntax and semantic aspects of ASSL, since these are going to be tackled by our ongoing research and described in other papers.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122637916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Martin, W. Powley, Kirk Wilson, W. Tian, T. Xu, J. Zebedee
There is a strong relationship between proposed frameworks for autonomic computing, such as the IBM blueprint for autonomic computing, and the Web services distributed management (WSDM) standard proposed by OASIS. We examine this relationship through a description of our efforts to implement an autonomic Web service using WSDM. The example autonomic Web service is based on our Autonomic Web Service Environment (AWSE) framework. We explain how WSDM is used to implement the AWSE components and evaluate the results of the exercise. We present the lessons we learned in carrying out the implementation effort and draw general conclusions concerning the relationship between autonomic computing and WSDM.
{"title":"The WSDM of Autonomic Computing: Experiences in Implementing Autonomic Web Services","authors":"Patrick Martin, W. Powley, Kirk Wilson, W. Tian, T. Xu, J. Zebedee","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.19","url":null,"abstract":"There is a strong relationship between proposed frameworks for autonomic computing, such as the IBM blueprint for autonomic computing, and the Web services distributed management (WSDM) standard proposed by OASIS. We examine this relationship through a description of our efforts to implement an autonomic Web service using WSDM. The example autonomic Web service is based on our Autonomic Web Service Environment (AWSE) framework. We explain how WSDM is used to implement the AWSE components and evaluate the results of the exercise. We present the lessons we learned in carrying out the implementation effort and draw general conclusions concerning the relationship between autonomic computing and WSDM.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122976038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptive systems dynamically change their behavior or structure at runtime to respond to environmental changes. This paper considers one class of adaptive systems - those that adapt application-level security mechanisms. Nowadays, adaptive software security is gaining greater attention as a way to balance the tradeoff between systems security and IT infrastructure overhead. Several adaptive security systems have been developed recently supporting hardware-level to application-level reconfiguration. This paper surveys four adaptive application-level security systems and evaluates them in terms of how well they support critical security services (i.e. authentication, authorization, and tolerance) and what level of adaptation they achieve. Based on our evaluation results, we provide recommendations for future research.
{"title":"A Survey of Approaches to Adaptive Application Security","authors":"Ahmed M. Elkhodary, J. Whittle","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.2","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive systems dynamically change their behavior or structure at runtime to respond to environmental changes. This paper considers one class of adaptive systems - those that adapt application-level security mechanisms. Nowadays, adaptive software security is gaining greater attention as a way to balance the tradeoff between systems security and IT infrastructure overhead. Several adaptive security systems have been developed recently supporting hardware-level to application-level reconfiguration. This paper surveys four adaptive application-level security systems and evaluates them in terms of how well they support critical security services (i.e. authentication, authorization, and tolerance) and what level of adaptation they achieve. Based on our evaluation results, we provide recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132004287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-organizing techniques have successfully been used to optimize software systems, such as optimization of route stability in ad hoc network routing and optimization of the use of storage space or processing power using load balancing. Existing self-organizing techniques typically focus on a single, usually implicitly specified, system goal and tune systems parameters towards optimally meeting that goal. In this paper, we consider optimization of large-scale multi-agent ubiquitous computing environments, such as urban traffic control. Applications in this class are typically required to optimize towards multiple goals simultaneously. Additionally, these multiple goals can potentially be conflicting, change over time, and apply to various parts of the system such as a single agent, a group of agents, or the system as a whole. In contrast to existing self-organizing systems in which agents are homogeneous to the extent that they are working towards a common goal, agents in these systems are heterogeneous in that they may have differing goals. Thus, existing self-organizing optimization techniques must be extended to deal with multiple goal optimization and the resulting heterogeneity of agents. In this paper we present a research agenda for extending collaborative reinforcement learning (CRL), an existing self-organizing optimization technique, to support multiple policy optimization.
{"title":"Research Issues in Multiple Policy Optimization Using Collaborative Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Ivana Dusparic, V. Cahill","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.17","url":null,"abstract":"Self-organizing techniques have successfully been used to optimize software systems, such as optimization of route stability in ad hoc network routing and optimization of the use of storage space or processing power using load balancing. Existing self-organizing techniques typically focus on a single, usually implicitly specified, system goal and tune systems parameters towards optimally meeting that goal. In this paper, we consider optimization of large-scale multi-agent ubiquitous computing environments, such as urban traffic control. Applications in this class are typically required to optimize towards multiple goals simultaneously. Additionally, these multiple goals can potentially be conflicting, change over time, and apply to various parts of the system such as a single agent, a group of agents, or the system as a whole. In contrast to existing self-organizing systems in which agents are homogeneous to the extent that they are working towards a common goal, agents in these systems are heterogeneous in that they may have differing goals. Thus, existing self-organizing optimization techniques must be extended to deal with multiple goal optimization and the resulting heterogeneity of agents. In this paper we present a research agenda for extending collaborative reinforcement learning (CRL), an existing self-organizing optimization technique, to support multiple policy optimization.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomic computing has become more prevalent and hence its evaluation is becoming more important. This paper addresses the issue of evaluating the software architecture of self-healing applications with respect to the changes and adaptation over long periods of time. To facilitate this evaluation, we developed an analysis and reasoning framework for the architecture of self-healing systems. The framework is based on attribute-based architectural styles (ABASs) and is tailored to selected quality attributes. When an autonomic system evolves, our framework can be used to re-analyze the system and verify certain quality attributes. The explicitly available relationship between architecture and quality attributes not only helps in documenting the current architecture design, but also allows developers to reuse the architectural analysis during long-term evolution when the original system designers are long gone. Hence, the proposed framework can facilitate both design and maintenance of self-healing systems. As a first step in the analysis, we identify key quality attributes for self-healing systems. We have also defined new autonomic specific quality attributes for self-healing systems. Further, we have customized the ISO 9126 quality model to the quality requirements of self-healing systems, considering both traditional attributes as well as newly defined autonomic-specific attributes.
{"title":"Quality Criteria and an Analysis Framework for Self-Healing Systems","authors":"Sangeeta Neti, H. Müller","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.15","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomic computing has become more prevalent and hence its evaluation is becoming more important. This paper addresses the issue of evaluating the software architecture of self-healing applications with respect to the changes and adaptation over long periods of time. To facilitate this evaluation, we developed an analysis and reasoning framework for the architecture of self-healing systems. The framework is based on attribute-based architectural styles (ABASs) and is tailored to selected quality attributes. When an autonomic system evolves, our framework can be used to re-analyze the system and verify certain quality attributes. The explicitly available relationship between architecture and quality attributes not only helps in documenting the current architecture design, but also allows developers to reuse the architectural analysis during long-term evolution when the original system designers are long gone. Hence, the proposed framework can facilitate both design and maintenance of self-healing systems. As a first step in the analysis, we identify key quality attributes for self-healing systems. We have also defined new autonomic specific quality attributes for self-healing systems. Further, we have customized the ISO 9126 quality model to the quality requirements of self-healing systems, considering both traditional attributes as well as newly defined autonomic-specific attributes.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124106648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Performance and scalability are critical quality attributes for server applications in Internet-facing business systems. These applications operate in dynamic environments with rapidly fluctuating user loads and resource levels, and unpredictable system faults- Adaptive (autonomic) systems research aims to augment such server applications with intelligent control logic that can detect and react to sudden environmental changes. However, developing this adaptive logic is complex in itself. In addition, executing the adaptive logic consumes processing resources, and hence may (paradoxically) adversely effect application performance. In this paper we describe an approach for developing high-performance adaptive server applications and the supporting technology. The Adaptive Server Framework (ASF) is built on standard middleware services, and can be used to augment legacy systems with adaptive behavior without needing to change the application business logic. Crucially, ASF provides built-in control loop components to optimize the overall application performance, which comprises both the business and adaptive logic. The control loop is based on performance models and allows systems designers to tune the performance levels simply by modifying high level declarative policies. We demonstrate the use of ASF in a case study.
在面向internet的业务系统中，性能和可伸缩性是服务器应用程序的关键质量属性。这些应用程序在动态环境中运行，具有快速波动的用户负载和资源水平，以及不可预测的系统故障-自适应(自主)系统研究旨在通过智能控制逻辑来增强这些服务器应用程序，这些控制逻辑可以检测和响应突然的环境变化。然而，开发这种自适应逻辑本身就很复杂。此外，执行自适应逻辑会消耗处理资源，因此可能(矛盾地)对应用程序性能产生不利影响。本文描述了一种开发高性能自适应服务器应用程序的方法及其支持技术。自适应服务器框架(Adaptive Server Framework, ASF)是建立在标准中间件服务之上的，可以用来增强具有自适应行为的遗留系统，而无需更改应用程序业务逻辑。至关重要的是，ASF提供了内置的控制回路组件来优化整体应用程序性能，其中包括业务逻辑和自适应逻辑。控制循环基于性能模型，并允许系统设计人员通过修改高级声明性策略来调整性能级别。我们在一个案例研究中演示ASF的使用。
{"title":"Implementing Adaptive Performance Management in Server Applications","authors":"Y. Liu, I. Gorton","doi":"10.1109/SEAMS.2007.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAMS.2007.9","url":null,"abstract":"Performance and scalability are critical quality attributes for server applications in Internet-facing business systems. These applications operate in dynamic environments with rapidly fluctuating user loads and resource levels, and unpredictable system faults- Adaptive (autonomic) systems research aims to augment such server applications with intelligent control logic that can detect and react to sudden environmental changes. However, developing this adaptive logic is complex in itself. In addition, executing the adaptive logic consumes processing resources, and hence may (paradoxically) adversely effect application performance. In this paper we describe an approach for developing high-performance adaptive server applications and the supporting technology. The Adaptive Server Framework (ASF) is built on standard middleware services, and can be used to augment legacy systems with adaptive behavior without needing to change the application business logic. Crucially, ASF provides built-in control loop components to optimize the overall application performance, which comprises both the business and adaptive logic. The control loop is based on performance models and allows systems designers to tune the performance levels simply by modifying high level declarative policies. We demonstrate the use of ASF in a case study.","PeriodicalId":354701,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS '07)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129859344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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