Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037018
N. Popov
The aim of this chapter is to present a brief review of the main trends in the reforms of school structures in Europe that have happened over the past 25 years. The review comprises school systems in 38 European countries: the European Union member states, the European Free Trade Association countries, and some countries in South-Eastern Europe. The chapter starts with an introduction to the reasons for focusing on the school structures, and then outlines the following six main reform trends: (1) decreasing the school entrance age; (2) expanding compulsory preschool education; (3) increasing the duration of compulsory school education; (4) increasing the duration of primary education; (5) eliminating primary education as a separate level by providing single basic education; and (6) continuing the diversity of school structures. The chapter concludes with short prognoses on the six trends.
{"title":"A Review of the Main Trends in the Reforms of School Structures in Europe","authors":"N. Popov","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037018","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to present a brief review of the main trends in the reforms of school structures in Europe that have happened over the past 25 years. The review comprises school systems in 38 European countries: the European Union member states, the European Free Trade Association countries, and some countries in South-Eastern Europe. The chapter starts with an introduction to the reasons for focusing on the school structures, and then outlines the following six main reform trends: (1) decreasing the school entrance age; (2) expanding compulsory preschool education; (3) increasing the duration of compulsory school education; (4) increasing the duration of primary education; (5) eliminating primary education as a separate level by providing single basic education; and (6) continuing the diversity of school structures. The chapter concludes with short prognoses on the six trends.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037007
Maren Elfert, C. Monaghan
In this short piece, written from the authors’ particular perspective as co-chairs of the Globalization & Education Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES), they argue that the field of comparative and international education is fraught with contradictions. This chapter reflects on the implications for the field of three interrelated aspects in particular: the shift in the primary responsibility for education from the nation-state to non-state actors in our globalized world, the unsettled ontological assumptions of the field, and the lack of theory that informs some of its actors.
{"title":"Comparative and International Education: A Field Fraught with Contradictions","authors":"Maren Elfert, C. Monaghan","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037007","url":null,"abstract":"In this short piece, written from the authors’ particular perspective as co-chairs of the Globalization & Education Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES), they argue that the field of comparative and international education is fraught with contradictions. This chapter reflects on the implications for the field of three interrelated aspects in particular: the shift in the primary responsibility for education from the nation-state to non-state actors in our globalized world, the unsettled ontological assumptions of the field, and the lack of theory that informs some of its actors.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037011
D. Turner
In his interview as part of the project to mark the 50th anniversary of the Comparative and International Education Society, Steve Klees offered sound advice to young scholars entering the field of comparative education, “Understand our debates, understand there are no right positions in our debates, and understand your own position in our debates and engage in the
作为比较与国际教育学会(Comparative and International Education Society)成立50周年纪念项目的一部分，Steve Klees在接受采访时向进入比较教育领域的年轻学者提出了合理的建议:“了解我们的辩论，了解我们的辩论中没有正确的立场，了解你自己在辩论中的立场，并参与其中。
{"title":"What Is Comparative Education?","authors":"D. Turner","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037011","url":null,"abstract":"In his interview as part of the project to mark the 50th anniversary of the Comparative and International Education Society, Steve Klees offered sound advice to young scholars entering the field of comparative education, “Understand our debates, understand there are no right positions in our debates, and understand your own position in our debates and engage in the","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"7 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134193285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037003
Matthew J. Schuelka, Kate Lapham
The notion of “inclusive education” represents a dilemma in terms of universalization and particularization of the educational experience for all children. This notion, and dilemma, also translates into the international space, with “inclusive education” situated within the international human rights agenda in places such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite its prominence as a universal human rights topic, inclusive education is also a deeply and richly contextualized, localized, and relational phenomenon. In this chapter, the authors aim to explore current trends in research and practice of inclusive education from a comparative and international perspective, and offer some potential future directions for research and practice on inclusive education.
{"title":"Comparative and International Inclusive Education: Trends, Dilemmas, and Future Directions","authors":"Matthew J. Schuelka, Kate Lapham","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037003","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of “inclusive education” represents a dilemma in terms of universalization and particularization of the educational experience for all children. This notion, and dilemma, also translates into the international space, with “inclusive education” situated within the international human rights agenda in places such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite its prominence as a universal human rights topic, inclusive education is also a deeply and richly contextualized, localized, and relational phenomenon. In this chapter, the authors aim to explore current trends in research and practice of inclusive education from a comparative and international perspective, and offer some potential future directions for research and practice on inclusive education.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133935900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037006
Linda M Platas, Yasmin Sitabkhan
Over the past 20 years, research on the role of mathematical proficiency in academic and economic success has proliferated. Understanding how mathematical development and learning can be fostered in both in- and out-of-school settings is key to ensuring widespread numerical literacy. Much of what is known about how children develop mathematical knowledge and the educational practices that support such development come out of high-income countries. Widening the lens of research to include children and youth across languages, cultures, and contexts is essential to informing practices and policies across the globe. From pre-primary through primary grades, this chapter examines the increasing emphasis on supporting mathematical development in early childhood, efforts to move away from memorization-based instruction toward support of conceptual understanding, out-of-school influences on mathematical learning, and promising instructional practices.
{"title":"Widening the Lens: Going Global in Mathematics Education Research","authors":"Linda M Platas, Yasmin Sitabkhan","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037006","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, research on the role of mathematical proficiency in academic and economic success has proliferated. Understanding how mathematical development and learning can be fostered in both in- and out-of-school settings is key to ensuring widespread numerical literacy. Much of what is known about how children develop mathematical knowledge and the educational practices that support such development come out of high-income countries. Widening the lens of research to include children and youth across languages, cultures, and contexts is essential to informing practices and policies across the globe. From pre-primary through primary grades, this chapter examines the increasing emphasis on supporting mathematical development in early childhood, efforts to move away from memorization-based instruction toward support of conceptual understanding, out-of-school influences on mathematical learning, and promising instructional practices.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133449239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037013
A. Johnson
{"title":"ICT4D, Policy Landscapes, and Practice Arenas: A Review of and Reflection on ICT Actors and Applications in African Higher Education","authors":"A. Johnson","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131582492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037014
Naejin Kwak, F. O. Ramirez
Despite the impressive record of advancing toward higher education, women are substantially underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields compared to men. Less is known about the factors that explain gendered patterns of participation in STEM in countries with dissimilar national characteristics and educational systems. To fill this gap in the literature, this study first examines the historical trends of female representation in STEM fields cross-nationally. Then, this paper explores the relationship between women’s and men’s enrollments in STEM with various structural, national characteristics. Recognizing that the relationship may vary by subfields of STEM, the study further investigates the association separately for natural science and for engineering. Using time- and entity-fixed effects panel regression models pooled between 1970 and 2010, the study’s analyses built on earlier studies on gender segregation across fields of study and gender inequality in higher education. The findings suggest that the common assumption of tight, positive linkage between societal development and participation in STEM holds for only men at an aggregate level under the period covered. The authors find a negative association between national economic development and women’s participation in STEM, especially for engineering. On the other hand, they find positive associations between men’s enrollment in STEM as well as women’s enrollment in other fields of study with women’s participation in STEM. Taken together, the results suggest the significance of the diffusion of an inclusive logic in higher educational institutions.
{"title":"Is Engineering Harder to Crack Than Science? A Cross-National Analysis of Women’s Participation in Male-Dominated Fields of Study in Higher Education","authors":"Naejin Kwak, F. O. Ramirez","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037014","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the impressive record of advancing toward higher education, women are substantially underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields compared to men. Less is known about the factors that explain gendered patterns of participation in STEM in countries with dissimilar national characteristics and educational systems. To fill this gap in the literature, this study first examines the historical trends of female representation in STEM fields cross-nationally. Then, this paper explores the relationship between women’s and men’s enrollments in STEM with various structural, national characteristics. Recognizing that the relationship may vary by subfields of STEM, the study further investigates the association separately for natural science and for engineering. Using time- and entity-fixed effects panel regression models pooled between 1970 and 2010, the study’s analyses built on earlier studies on gender segregation across fields of study and gender inequality in higher education. The findings suggest that the common assumption of tight, positive linkage between societal development and participation in STEM holds for only men at an aggregate level under the period covered. The authors find a negative association between national economic development and women’s participation in STEM, especially for engineering. On the other hand, they find positive associations between men’s enrollment in STEM as well as women’s enrollment in other fields of study with women’s participation in STEM. Taken together, the results suggest the significance of the diffusion of an inclusive logic in higher educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134325008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037012
C. Gallardo, C. Murillo
The findings in this study showcase the significance of educational interventions that are grounded and tailored to the sociopolitical context in which they will be implemented and it will also posit that, according to the authors’ findings, the students in public schools feel empowered and motivated after their teachers and principals participate in one of these three programs. The larger impact from the cases explored in this chapter will hopefully contribute to a larger conversation regarding how to implement public policies that can empower principals and teachers across Latin America.
{"title":"Transformation of the Public School in Latin America: Summary of Findings Following Educando by Worldfund Educational Interventions","authors":"C. Gallardo, C. Murillo","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037012","url":null,"abstract":"The findings in this study showcase the significance of educational interventions that are grounded and tailored to the sociopolitical context in which they will be implemented and it will also posit that, according to the authors’ findings, the students in public schools feel empowered and motivated after their teachers and principals participate in one of these three programs. The larger impact from the cases explored in this chapter will hopefully contribute to a larger conversation regarding how to implement public policies that can empower principals and teachers across Latin America.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127262359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037024
{"title":"Prelims","authors":"","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130435806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.1108/s1479-367920190000037004
W. Y. A. Chan, B. Collet
Discussion of religion and education continues to evoke conceptions of confessional teaching; however, research and educational practices in recent decades illustrate an expanded understanding that relates to the teaching of, about, and from religion across formal and non-formal educational spaces in secular and religious spheres. An expanded understanding also illustrates various intersections between religion and education that extend beyond religious or non-sectarian instruction, to include everything from the recognition and accommodation of religious student identities in K-12 public school settings, to the internationalization of religious higher education. Drawing on the Comparative and International Education Society’s Religion & Education Special Interest Group’s programing and activities, this paper aims to present a brief summary of trends observed both in research and practice concerning religion and education among educators worldwide, and highlights the place of religion in our growing recognition of intersectionality, one that occurs between academics and the community.
{"title":"The “R-Word” Today: Understanding Religion in Secular and Religious Formal and Non-Formal Educational Spaces","authors":"W. Y. A. Chan, B. Collet","doi":"10.1108/s1479-367920190000037004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920190000037004","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion of religion and education continues to evoke conceptions of confessional teaching; however, research and educational practices in recent decades illustrate an expanded understanding that relates to the teaching of, about, and from religion across formal and non-formal educational spaces in secular and religious spheres. An expanded understanding also illustrates various intersections between religion and education that extend beyond religious or non-sectarian instruction, to include everything from the recognition and accommodation of religious student identities in K-12 public school settings, to the internationalization of religious higher education. Drawing on the Comparative and International Education Society’s Religion & Education Special Interest Group’s programing and activities, this paper aims to present a brief summary of trends observed both in research and practice concerning religion and education among educators worldwide, and highlights the place of religion in our growing recognition of intersectionality, one that occurs between academics and the community.","PeriodicalId":354841,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2018","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128351348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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