Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.30799/jespr.174.19050304
Lappas Ioannis, Kallioras Andreas
Article history: Received 08 August 2019 Accepted 23 August 2019 Available online 23 September 2019 The results of a groundwater-meteoric isotopic research programme held during the period 2014-2017 in the area of Atalanti coastal area, Central Greece are presented in this essay. Thirty-six groundwater samples and twenty-seven rainwater samples from improvised rain collectors were collected during the period 10/2014-04/2015 and 10/2016-05/2017 respectively, analyzed in the laboratory of Isotope Hydrology of the University of Darmstadt in Germany for oxygen isotopes δ18O and Deuterium (δ2H or D). Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes were mainly collected in different hydrological conditions (peak precipitation amount in April, drought in October) at increasing distance from the source and at different altitude, from the upper part of the catchment to the lowest part nearby the coastline. These stable isotopes were employed as natural tracers to determine and identify the main recharge areas of the Atalanti drainage basin. Isotopic values (δ18Ο and D) were then defined in order to identify the groundwater flow path and groundwater residence time inside various geological-lithological formations. From the δ18O spatial distribution, the alluvial aquifer seems to be recharging from higher altitudes, through direct infiltration of modern precipitation and possibly laterally from the adjacent geological formations. These potential recharge areas were delineated by combining the isotopic and geological properties of the entire area with the contribution of GIS techniques. The precipitation’s isotopic characteristics indicated that wet seasons were relatively depleted compared to dry seasons due to the rainfall amount showing also a significant shift of both the slope and the d-excess (intercept) in the meteoric local water line (LMWL) compared with others such as the world meteoric, Hellenic and Eastern water lines as a result of the enrichment of heavier isotopes probably attributed to evaporation both during the rainfall and surface runoff before infiltration. Elevated d-excess values were observed, probably due to water vapour originating from the Aegean or the mid-eastern Mediterranean. The distance of the station from the shoreline and the altitude were the main factors imprinted in the isotopic signature of precipitation. Inferred groundwater recharge elevations, estimated on the basis of the local vertical isotopic gradient of δ18O ranged between 150 and 750 m a.s.l. Statistics including both linear and multivariate regression analysis was applied to the isotopic data in precipitation and groundwater samples to determine the local meteoric and groundwater water line. The measured stable isotope ratios range from -9.70‰ to -5.67‰ and -52.78‰ to -38.44‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively. Isotopic maps and cross-sections were drawn to visualize spatial gradients which reflected the evolution of the water composition at progressive distance from the source
文章历史:收到2019年8月8日接受2019年8月23日在线提供2019年9月23日2019年9月23日本文介绍了2014-2017年期间在希腊中部Atalanti沿海地区举行的地下水-大气同位素研究计划的结果。在2014年10月- 2015年4月和2016年10月- 2017年5月期间，分别采集了36份地下水和27份雨水样本，在德国达姆施塔特大学同位素水文学实验室对氧同位素δ18O和氘(δ2H或D)进行了分析，主要收集了不同水文条件下的氧和氢稳定同位素(4月降水量峰值、在距离水源越来越远的地方，在不同的海拔高度，从集水区的上部到靠近海岸线的最低部分。这些稳定同位素被用作天然示踪剂来确定和识别Atalanti流域的主要补给区。然后定义了同位素值(δ18Ο和D)，以确定地下水在不同地质岩性地层中的流动路径和地下水停留时间。从δ18O空间分布来看，冲积含水层似乎是通过现代降水的直接入渗和邻近地质构造的横向入渗而从高海拔地区重新补给的。利用GIS技术，结合整个地区的同位素和地质特征，圈定了这些潜在补给区。降水同位素特征表明，雨季降水相对于旱季降水是相对枯竭的，因为降雨量也显示出大气局地水线(LMWL)的斜率和d-excess(截距)比其他地区(如世界气象线、希腊线和东部水线)的显著变化，这可能是由于降雨期间和入渗前地表径流蒸发导致的较重同位素的富集。观测到d过量值升高，可能是由于来自爱琴海或地中海中东部的水蒸气。台站与海岸线的距离和海拔高度是影响降水同位素特征的主要因素。根据当地δ18O垂直同位素梯度估算的地下水补给高度在150 ~ 750 m a.s.l之间。对降水和地下水样品中的同位素数据进行线性和多元回归统计分析，以确定当地的大气和地下水水线。δ18O和δD的稳定同位素比值分别为-9.70‰~ -5.67‰和-52.78‰~ -38.44‰。绘制了同位素图和剖面，以可视化空间梯度，反映了水成分在离源逐渐距离上的演变。最后，次生过程是影响初始同位素特征的主要因素，因为次生过程与特定的地质和水文地质背景有关，包括土壤和土壤底水的蒸发，以及地下水在到达地下水位之前通过直接降雨入渗进行的一次蒸发补给。
{"title":"Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Environmental Stable Isotopes in Precipitates and Groundwaters in Atalanti Coastal Watershed (Central Greece)","authors":"Lappas Ioannis, Kallioras Andreas","doi":"10.30799/jespr.174.19050304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/jespr.174.19050304","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 08 August 2019 Accepted 23 August 2019 Available online 23 September 2019 The results of a groundwater-meteoric isotopic research programme held during the period 2014-2017 in the area of Atalanti coastal area, Central Greece are presented in this essay. Thirty-six groundwater samples and twenty-seven rainwater samples from improvised rain collectors were collected during the period 10/2014-04/2015 and 10/2016-05/2017 respectively, analyzed in the laboratory of Isotope Hydrology of the University of Darmstadt in Germany for oxygen isotopes δ18O and Deuterium (δ2H or D). Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes were mainly collected in different hydrological conditions (peak precipitation amount in April, drought in October) at increasing distance from the source and at different altitude, from the upper part of the catchment to the lowest part nearby the coastline. These stable isotopes were employed as natural tracers to determine and identify the main recharge areas of the Atalanti drainage basin. Isotopic values (δ18Ο and D) were then defined in order to identify the groundwater flow path and groundwater residence time inside various geological-lithological formations. From the δ18O spatial distribution, the alluvial aquifer seems to be recharging from higher altitudes, through direct infiltration of modern precipitation and possibly laterally from the adjacent geological formations. These potential recharge areas were delineated by combining the isotopic and geological properties of the entire area with the contribution of GIS techniques. The precipitation’s isotopic characteristics indicated that wet seasons were relatively depleted compared to dry seasons due to the rainfall amount showing also a significant shift of both the slope and the d-excess (intercept) in the meteoric local water line (LMWL) compared with others such as the world meteoric, Hellenic and Eastern water lines as a result of the enrichment of heavier isotopes probably attributed to evaporation both during the rainfall and surface runoff before infiltration. Elevated d-excess values were observed, probably due to water vapour originating from the Aegean or the mid-eastern Mediterranean. The distance of the station from the shoreline and the altitude were the main factors imprinted in the isotopic signature of precipitation. Inferred groundwater recharge elevations, estimated on the basis of the local vertical isotopic gradient of δ18O ranged between 150 and 750 m a.s.l. Statistics including both linear and multivariate regression analysis was applied to the isotopic data in precipitation and groundwater samples to determine the local meteoric and groundwater water line. The measured stable isotope ratios range from -9.70‰ to -5.67‰ and -52.78‰ to -38.44‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively. Isotopic maps and cross-sections were drawn to visualize spatial gradients which reflected the evolution of the water composition at progressive distance from the source","PeriodicalId":354880,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5, Issue 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130776191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-10DOI: 10.30799/jespr.173.19050303
K. Victor, . A.OiAdjiri, . K.KoffiClement, . K.KapeuEmilie, . K.ConandHonore
Article history: Received 08 August 2019 Accepted 23 August 2019 Available online 10 September 2019 The present study aims to quantify heavy metals in the Akouedo landfill soil and evaluate the extent of contamination to better understand the risk of continental terminal groundwater contamination. The granulometric characteristics of six soil samples and three batches of auger samples at different depths up to 6 m showed that sand fraction was between 60.61 and 73.10 % with the average values between 63.91 and 67.19%. The fine particle content that reflects the rate of clay was between 26.90 and 39.39% with mean values between 32.81 and 36.09%. The chemical analyses showed that Akouedo landfill is rich in Zn (33.32-9440.00 ppm), Cr (55.60-4240.00), Cu (17.36-2800.00) and Pb (46.80-2580.00). The concentrations and the distribution of the different heavy metals in the auger samples vary with depth. The values were high in the surface layers and decreased in the deep layers. But chromium had higher mobility and could reach groundwater easily and to cause a contamination of this resource.
{"title":"Physical Characterization of the Superficial Layers of Akouedo Landfill, Ivory Coast and Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution Risk of the Underlying Aquifer","authors":"K. Victor, . A.OiAdjiri, . K.KoffiClement, . K.KapeuEmilie, . K.ConandHonore","doi":"10.30799/jespr.173.19050303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/jespr.173.19050303","url":null,"abstract":"Article history: Received 08 August 2019 Accepted 23 August 2019 Available online 10 September 2019 The present study aims to quantify heavy metals in the Akouedo landfill soil and evaluate the extent of contamination to better understand the risk of continental terminal groundwater contamination. The granulometric characteristics of six soil samples and three batches of auger samples at different depths up to 6 m showed that sand fraction was between 60.61 and 73.10 % with the average values between 63.91 and 67.19%. The fine particle content that reflects the rate of clay was between 26.90 and 39.39% with mean values between 32.81 and 36.09%. The chemical analyses showed that Akouedo landfill is rich in Zn (33.32-9440.00 ppm), Cr (55.60-4240.00), Cu (17.36-2800.00) and Pb (46.80-2580.00). The concentrations and the distribution of the different heavy metals in the auger samples vary with depth. The values were high in the surface layers and decreased in the deep layers. But chromium had higher mobility and could reach groundwater easily and to cause a contamination of this resource.","PeriodicalId":354880,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5, Issue 3","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127139779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.30799/JESPR.169.19050302
A. ., C. ., A. ., O. –
The level of soil pollution and deterioration was investigated in two auto-mechanic villages (Bukan Sidi and New Garage) within Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analysed based on standard protocols. Total organic carbon in the mechanic villages was higher than in the control site; the highest was 1.58% at 0-10 cm depths of the two mechanic sites. Available phosphorus was 5.27±0.085 on the average ranging from 4.57 ppm to 6.02 ppm with significant differences across locations (F=14541.65, P=0.000). Magnesium was the lowest among all inorganic elements (0.05±0.008) with its maximum value at New garage. Phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium recorded highest mean values at Bukan sidi. The mean sodium at 0-10 cm depth of Bukan Sidi (0.32±0.003) was the highest recorded in three locations. The concentrations of all elements in soils of the two mechanic sites are significantly higher than those in the control site. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) values in the mechanic villages are very low compared to the control sit; it ranged from 0.3 to 0.83 Meq/100 g. Bukan Sidi had the highest mean C.E.C of 2.85±0.003 at 20-30 cm depth. Significant differences exist in the distribution of soil particles across locations (P
{"title":"Physicochemical Assessment of Soil Deterioration in Bukan Sidi and New Garage Auto-Mechanic Villages within Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"A. ., C. ., A. ., O. –","doi":"10.30799/JESPR.169.19050302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JESPR.169.19050302","url":null,"abstract":"The level of soil pollution and deterioration was investigated in two auto-mechanic villages (Bukan Sidi and New Garage) within Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analysed based on standard protocols. Total organic carbon in the mechanic villages was higher than in the control site; the highest was 1.58% at 0-10 cm depths of the two mechanic sites. Available phosphorus was 5.27±0.085 on the average ranging from 4.57 ppm to 6.02 ppm with significant differences across locations (F=14541.65, P=0.000). Magnesium was the lowest among all inorganic elements (0.05±0.008) with its maximum value at New garage. Phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium recorded highest mean values at Bukan sidi. The mean sodium at 0-10 cm depth of Bukan Sidi (0.32±0.003) was the highest recorded in three locations. The concentrations of all elements in soils of the two mechanic sites are significantly higher than those in the control site. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) values in the mechanic villages are very low compared to the control sit; it ranged from 0.3 to 0.83 Meq/100 g. Bukan Sidi had the highest mean C.E.C of 2.85±0.003 at 20-30 cm depth. Significant differences exist in the distribution of soil particles across locations (P","PeriodicalId":354880,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5, Issue 3","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123142013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-17DOI: 10.30799/JESPR.170.19050301
C. Kouame, N. Ouattara, C. Benie, E. Koffi, B. Kamagaté, D. L. Goné, A. Ouattara, G. Gourène
This study aims to quantify potential pathogenic bacteria and analyze the seasonal variability of pathogens from Djibi, the most important river crossing Abidjan city’s border receiving sewage waters from the densely populated area of Abobo, in Ivory Coast, in order to evaluate potential health risk for the users of these waters. Then, 36 samples of river waters were collected in sterile bottles at 4 stations (Djibi sand careers, Djibi cemetery, Djibi garbage and Djibi bridge) from January 2016 to February 2017 during nine sampling campaigns to detect presence and abundance of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio sp. The median abundances of pathogenic bacteria ranged between 8.65 × 10 3 and 7.60 × 10 3 CFU of Vibrio sp. (100 mL) -1 . The highest abundance values were recorded in Djibi sand careers and Djibi garbage with concentrations of 3.75 × 10 4 and 4.37 × 10 4 Vibrio sp. (100 mL) -1 respectively. We also observed that Salmonella sp. were present in all the samples analyzed. This clearly indicates a potential risk when using these waters for irrigation and domestic purposes. The natural connection of this river to the potential drinking water reservoir of Aghien represents a significant public health hazard.
{"title":"Abundance of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in an Impacted Urban River used for Domestic Purposes: Djibi River, Ivory Coast","authors":"C. Kouame, N. Ouattara, C. Benie, E. Koffi, B. Kamagaté, D. L. Goné, A. Ouattara, G. Gourène","doi":"10.30799/JESPR.170.19050301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30799/JESPR.170.19050301","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to quantify potential pathogenic bacteria and analyze the seasonal variability of pathogens from Djibi, the most important river crossing Abidjan city’s border receiving sewage waters from the densely populated area of Abobo, in Ivory Coast, in order to evaluate potential health risk for the users of these waters. Then, 36 samples of river waters were collected in sterile bottles at 4 stations (Djibi sand careers, Djibi cemetery, Djibi garbage and Djibi bridge) from January 2016 to February 2017 during nine sampling campaigns to detect presence and abundance of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio sp. The median abundances of pathogenic bacteria ranged between 8.65 × 10 3 and 7.60 × 10 3 CFU of Vibrio sp. (100 mL) -1 . The highest abundance values were recorded in Djibi sand careers and Djibi garbage with concentrations of 3.75 × 10 4 and 4.37 × 10 4 Vibrio sp. (100 mL) -1 respectively. We also observed that Salmonella sp. were present in all the samples analyzed. This clearly indicates a potential risk when using these waters for irrigation and domestic purposes. The natural connection of this river to the potential drinking water reservoir of Aghien represents a significant public health hazard.","PeriodicalId":354880,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5, Issue 3","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127681297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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