Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3159
I. Mathew, Deepak Singh
Drosophila melanogaster was evaluated for wingbeat frequencies based on its general body size. Apart from the critical role of flight in foraging, competing for a mate and evading predators, its flight tone is crucial in intraspecific auditory communication. The average wing beat frequencies during free flight of local Drosophila melanogaster was found to range from 215.63 ±5.26 to 261.20 ±6.53 Hz, from the smallest to large-sized flies respectively. The significant difference in wingbeat frequency between the two groups is due to the distinct differences in wing size and body weight. Variations seen within the group is a function of several factors like insect body weight, wing dimensions, age, metabolic status, locomotory requirements and ambient climatic conditions.
{"title":"Wingbeat Frequency in Small and Large-sized Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"I. Mathew, Deepak Singh","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3159","url":null,"abstract":"Drosophila melanogaster was evaluated for wingbeat frequencies based on its general body size. Apart from the critical role of flight in foraging, competing for a mate and evading predators, its flight tone is crucial in intraspecific auditory communication. The average wing beat frequencies during free flight of local Drosophila melanogaster was found to range from 215.63 ±5.26 to 261.20 ±6.53 Hz, from the smallest to large-sized flies respectively. The significant difference in wingbeat frequency between the two groups is due to the distinct differences in wing size and body weight. Variations seen within the group is a function of several factors like insect body weight, wing dimensions, age, metabolic status, locomotory requirements and ambient climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"71 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3158
Abdalla Mustafa Hamid, Abdel Moneim Khalid, A. E. Adam, Zeinab ElAmin Alsharif Alttagi, Mujtaba EL-Khair Shuaib, Mutasim Yousif Mohamed Abdalla
This study was carried out to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of the Mochokid catfish S. schall, a commercially important fish species in the Roseires reservoir on the Blue Nile, Sudan. A total of 643 specimens were collected using the multi-filament gillnets of mesh sizes (4.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 cm) and twine (No. 2 and 12) during the period from November 2015 to October 2016; Samples were collected from four sites namely: Awal Bab, Elregiba, Kirma, and Wad El Mahi.; The length and weight of sampled fish were measured and recorded on the sampling sites and used to determine a length-weight relationship. The growth coefficient (b) ranged from 1.196 to 2.649, with moderate to high correlations (r) between 0.437 and 0.798. Values of (b) were less than 3 indicating a negative allometric growth pattern, whereas weight increased at a lower rate than length. The condition factor (K) ranged from 1.966 ± 0.696 to 3.856 ± 3.856, suggesting the fish were in good health condition throughout the sampling sites. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the biological aspects of S. schall, which can form the basis of sustainable management and conservation policy for the fishery resource of this economically important fish species in the Roseires reservoir.
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Synodontis schall (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), from Roseires Reservoir, Sudan","authors":"Abdalla Mustafa Hamid, Abdel Moneim Khalid, A. E. Adam, Zeinab ElAmin Alsharif Alttagi, Mujtaba EL-Khair Shuaib, Mutasim Yousif Mohamed Abdalla","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i3158","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of the Mochokid catfish S. schall, a commercially important fish species in the Roseires reservoir on the Blue Nile, Sudan. A total of 643 specimens were collected using the multi-filament gillnets of mesh sizes (4.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 cm) and twine (No. 2 and 12) during the period from November 2015 to October 2016; Samples were collected from four sites namely: Awal Bab, Elregiba, Kirma, and Wad El Mahi.; The length and weight of sampled fish were measured and recorded on the sampling sites and used to determine a length-weight relationship. The growth coefficient (b) ranged from 1.196 to 2.649, with moderate to high correlations (r) between 0.437 and 0.798. Values of (b) were less than 3 indicating a negative allometric growth pattern, whereas weight increased at a lower rate than length. The condition factor (K) ranged from 1.966 ± 0.696 to 3.856 ± 3.856, suggesting the fish were in good health condition throughout the sampling sites. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the biological aspects of S. schall, which can form the basis of sustainable management and conservation policy for the fishery resource of this economically important fish species in the Roseires reservoir.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"61 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2148
David Duarte Crespo
Throughout our history, humanity and the kingdom Animalia have been in conflicts with both sides sharing countless casualties as the outcome. Among animals, adult female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus are infamously labelled the deadliest to humans in terms of the number of deaths they cause each year. In this scientific paper, an analysis is given over what other direct and indirect factors can be considered when classifying a species of animal as 'dangerous'. It discusses and concludes exactly why they make it more of a danger to human health and safety than others. This is done utilising a brand-new, categoric scale — which has been dubbed the "Crespo scale" — created and designed to categorise all animal species from categories 1–5. One posing the least danger and five the most. The categorisation is performed by examining factors relevant to the animals themselves, which include the estimated Population Size (PS) and Mortality Rate (MR). The hypothesis is that species possessing a larger PS and a higher MR will be placed further up on the scale and thus are more likely to be a threat. Ultimately, both PS and MR are quantifiable factors that can be used to measure and categorise a species' level of danger in a less biased and more accurate, consistent way. However, the factor of MR can often be indirectly influenced by human-related factors that apply to the human development of a country and its general populace.
{"title":"The Crespo Scale: Categorising 'Dangerous' Animal Species with Two Quantifiable Factors","authors":"David Duarte Crespo","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2148","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout our history, humanity and the kingdom Animalia have been in conflicts with both sides sharing countless casualties as the outcome. Among animals, adult female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus are infamously labelled the deadliest to humans in terms of the number of deaths they cause each year. In this scientific paper, an analysis is given over what other direct and indirect factors can be considered when classifying a species of animal as 'dangerous'. It discusses and concludes exactly why they make it more of a danger to human health and safety than others. This is done utilising a brand-new, categoric scale — which has been dubbed the \"Crespo scale\" — created and designed to categorise all animal species from categories 1–5. One posing the least danger and five the most. The categorisation is performed by examining factors relevant to the animals themselves, which include the estimated Population Size (PS) and Mortality Rate (MR). The hypothesis is that species possessing a larger PS and a higher MR will be placed further up on the scale and thus are more likely to be a threat. Ultimately, both PS and MR are quantifiable factors that can be used to measure and categorise a species' level of danger in a less biased and more accurate, consistent way. However, the factor of MR can often be indirectly influenced by human-related factors that apply to the human development of a country and its general populace.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2147
Nwaneri, J. E., George, U. U.
This study was designed to determine the size variations of the family of Cichlids in lower river Benue. The fish samples were collected bimonthly in batches for a period of three months (September- November, 2023). A total of 120 fishes comprising 60 each of Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis niloticus were sampled from fishermen at the Wadata landing site during this period. The fish sampled were transported in an ice-parked plastic container to the Fisheries laboratory in order to keep the integrity of the sample intact prior to analysis. The species were identified using taxonomic keys and morphometric parameters recorded. The results obtained shows the parameters of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zilli as the cichlids species caught. The mean weight (53.70±3.13), mean length (14.09±0.28) and the mean standard length (11.13±0.24) of Tilapia Zilli was observed to be greater than the mean weight (43.01±2.17), mean length (12.83±2.0.21) and mean standard length (10.17±0.81) of Oreochromis niloticus. The results obtained reveals that the morphometry of Tillapia zilli is higher in their Morphometric measurements as compared to Oreochromis niloticus. This study therefore provides valuable information on the morphological characteristics in relation to the body weight of these two Cichlids for the sustainable management of fisheries in Lower River Benue, Makurdi and Nigeria at large.
{"title":"Size Variation Survey of the Family of Cichlids in Lower River Benue","authors":"Nwaneri, J. E., George, U. U.","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2147","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to determine the size variations of the family of Cichlids in lower river Benue. The fish samples were collected bimonthly in batches for a period of three months (September- November, 2023). A total of 120 fishes comprising 60 each of Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis niloticus were sampled from fishermen at the Wadata landing site during this period. The fish sampled were transported in an ice-parked plastic container to the Fisheries laboratory in order to keep the integrity of the sample intact prior to analysis. The species were identified using taxonomic keys and morphometric parameters recorded. The results obtained shows the parameters of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zilli as the cichlids species caught. The mean weight (53.70±3.13), mean length (14.09±0.28) and the mean standard length (11.13±0.24) of Tilapia Zilli was observed to be greater than the mean weight (43.01±2.17), mean length (12.83±2.0.21) and mean standard length (10.17±0.81) of Oreochromis niloticus. The results obtained reveals that the morphometry of Tillapia zilli is higher in their Morphometric measurements as compared to Oreochromis niloticus. This study therefore provides valuable information on the morphological characteristics in relation to the body weight of these two Cichlids for the sustainable management of fisheries in Lower River Benue, Makurdi and Nigeria at large.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1142
S. U. Din, Abdul Majid, Hamood-ur- Rehman, Sheikh Muhammad Awais
Aims: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the tick fauna of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, conducted across two districts. The study aimed to assess the diversity, relative abundance, and distribution of collected specimens to understand their patterns within the study area. Location and Duration of Study: Tick specimens were Collected from the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, spanning from August 2021 to June 2022. Methodology: Visual encounter surveys were conducted, involving both daytime and nighttime observations, to collect specimens from diverse host animals, totaling 106, including cows, buffalo, goats, and dogs. Following the collection phase, a total of 312 specimens were carefully gathered and transported to the laboratory for further analysis. Upon arrival in the laboratory, the collected specimens were carefully arranged and preserved in Eppendorf tubes filled with a 70% ethanol solution. The preservation process aimed to maintain the integrity of the specimens for subsequent examination. The identification process involved a thorough morphological analysis, where authentic literature, updated taxonomic keys, and observation of morphological parameters were utilized. Results: The specimens subjected to examination and identification belonged to the Ixodidae family of hard ticks, encompassing two genera: Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Within these genera, eight distinct species were recognized in the current study in which a higher prevalence of female ticks across various species were observed. From the Hyalomma genus, the identified species were H. asiaticum, H. anatolicum, H. detritum, and H. impeltatum. The Rhipicephalus genus included R. haemaphysaloides, R. microplus, R. sanguineus, and R. turanicus. R. microplus emerged as the most dominant species, with a count of 126 individuals (SOR=100% and AQ=40.38%). Conversely, H. detritum, H. impeltatum, R. sanguineus and R. turanicus were identified as satellite species. Additionally, H. anatolicum, R. haemaphysaloides, and nymphs were categorized as co-dominant. Moreover, this study reports the first-ever occurrences of H. asiaticum and H. detritum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, specifically in the Lakki Marwat district. Furthermore, R. haemaphysaloides is possibly reported for the first time in both the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts. Conclusion: This research presents preliminary findings on the diverse tick population in regions where animal husbandry plays a crucial role in the local economy. The Lakki Marwat district exhibited the highest diversity indices compared to Bannu. The observed prevalence of ticks in the studied areas emphasizes their significant impact on domesticated animals. Cattle exhibit the highest infestation rates, followed by buffalo and goats. The current taxonomic work may require improvement.
目的：本文介绍了对巴基斯坦开伯尔巴图克瓦省两个地区蜱虫动物群的全面调查。研究旨在评估采集标本的多样性、相对丰度和分布情况，以了解它们在研究区域内的分布模式。研究地点和时间：蜱标本采集自开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的班努县和拉克基-马尔瓦特县，时间跨度为 2021 年 8 月至 2022 年 6 月。方法：进行目测调查，包括白天和夜间观察，从不同的宿主动物身上采集标本，共计 106 只，包括奶牛、水牛、山羊和狗。采集阶段结束后，共仔细收集了 312 份标本，并运送到实验室进行进一步分析。到达实验室后，收集到的标本被仔细整理并保存在装有 70% 乙醇溶液的 Eppendorf 试管中。保存过程旨在保持标本的完整性，以备后续检查。鉴定过程包括全面的形态分析，利用真实的文献资料、最新的分类标准和对形态参数的观察。结果：接受检查和鉴定的标本属于硬蜱科 Ixodidae，包括两个属：Hyalomma属和Rhipicephalus属。在这两个属中，本次研究发现了 8 个不同的物种，其中雌性蜱在不同物种中的比例较高。在 Hyalomma 属中，确定的物种有 H. asiaticum、H. anatolicum、H. detritum 和 H. impeltatum。Rhipicephalus 属包括 R. haemaphysaloides、R. microplus、R. sanguineus 和 R. turanicus。R. microplus 是最主要的物种，数量为 126 个（SOR=100%，AQ=40.38%）。相反，H. detritum、H. impeltatum、R. sanguineus 和 R. turanicus 被确定为卫星种。此外，H. anatolicum、R. haemaphysaloides 和若虫被归类为共优势种。此外，本研究报告了开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦（Khyber Pakhtunkhwa）地区首次出现的 H. asiaticum 和 H. detritum，特别是在 Lakki Marwat 地区。此外，R. haemaphysaloides 可能是首次在班努和拉基马尔瓦特地区出现。结论这项研究展示了在畜牧业在当地经济中扮演重要角色的地区蜱虫种群多样性的初步发现。与班努相比，拉克基-马尔瓦特地区的多样性指数最高。在研究地区观察到的蜱虫流行强调了它们对驯养动物的重大影响。牛的感染率最高，其次是水牛和山羊。目前的分类工作可能需要改进。
{"title":"Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Tick Fauna in Bannu and Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"S. U. Din, Abdul Majid, Hamood-ur- Rehman, Sheikh Muhammad Awais","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1142","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the tick fauna of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, conducted across two districts. The study aimed to assess the diversity, relative abundance, and distribution of collected specimens to understand their patterns within the study area. \u0000Location and Duration of Study: Tick specimens were Collected from the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, spanning from August 2021 to June 2022. \u0000Methodology: Visual encounter surveys were conducted, involving both daytime and nighttime observations, to collect specimens from diverse host animals, totaling 106, including cows, buffalo, goats, and dogs. Following the collection phase, a total of 312 specimens were carefully gathered and transported to the laboratory for further analysis. Upon arrival in the laboratory, the collected specimens were carefully arranged and preserved in Eppendorf tubes filled with a 70% ethanol solution. The preservation process aimed to maintain the integrity of the specimens for subsequent examination. The identification process involved a thorough morphological analysis, where authentic literature, updated taxonomic keys, and observation of morphological parameters were utilized. \u0000Results: The specimens subjected to examination and identification belonged to the Ixodidae family of hard ticks, encompassing two genera: Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Within these genera, eight distinct species were recognized in the current study in which a higher prevalence of female ticks across various species were observed. From the Hyalomma genus, the identified species were H. asiaticum, H. anatolicum, H. detritum, and H. impeltatum. The Rhipicephalus genus included R. haemaphysaloides, R. microplus, R. sanguineus, and R. turanicus. R. microplus emerged as the most dominant species, with a count of 126 individuals (SOR=100% and AQ=40.38%). Conversely, H. detritum, H. impeltatum, R. sanguineus and R. turanicus were identified as satellite species. Additionally, H. anatolicum, R. haemaphysaloides, and nymphs were categorized as co-dominant. Moreover, this study reports the first-ever occurrences of H. asiaticum and H. detritum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, specifically in the Lakki Marwat district. Furthermore, R. haemaphysaloides is possibly reported for the first time in both the Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts. \u0000Conclusion: This research presents preliminary findings on the diverse tick population in regions where animal husbandry plays a crucial role in the local economy. The Lakki Marwat district exhibited the highest diversity indices compared to Bannu. The observed prevalence of ticks in the studied areas emphasizes their significant impact on domesticated animals. Cattle exhibit the highest infestation rates, followed by buffalo and goats. The current taxonomic work may require improvement.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ornamental fish culture is a specialized branch of aquaculture. This domain has emerged as a dedicated endeavour involving the breeding, care and trade of visually captivating and often exotic fish species. This comprehensive review examines the dynamic landscape of ornamental fish culture within aquaculture, highlighting key advancements and challenges. The global industry, valued at billions, is propelled by selective breeding, resulting in diverse ornamental fish varieties. Singapore's pivotal role as an exporter, especially of culturally significant species like Betta fish, exemplifies the industry's global prominence. Artificial reproduction methods and genetic advancements, such as the identification of the MC1R gene, showcase innovations in breeding practices. Environmental management, crucial for ornamental fish health, is exemplified by cutting-edge practices in high-profile aquariums, emphasizing the influence of water parameters on fish well-being. Disease prevention strategies, including innovative diagnostic tools, are implemented by industry leaders like the Qian Hu Fish Farm. The global ornamental fish trade, influenced by cultural preferences, is supported by data revealing economic dimensions and market dynamics. India's potential in the industry, leveraging its biodiversity, is showcased with instances from the Eastern Ghats. Challenges, including diseases and habitat degradation, are addressed by initiatives like the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC), emphasizing responsible sourcing. Regulatory frameworks, exemplified by the European Union, underscore caution in genetic modification, emphasizing the need for responsible applications. In conclusion, the review provides a nuanced synthesis of data, facts, and instances, offering a comprehensive understanding of ornamental fish culture's present status, challenges, and promising future. The industry emerges as a leader in technological and ethical innovation within the broader realm of aquaculture.
{"title":"Genetic Advancement, Global Trade Dynamics, Persistent Challenges and Future Prospects in Ornamental Fish Culture","authors":"Mudassir Alam, Kashif Abbas, Zerafshan Zehra, Fatima Kamil","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1138","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental fish culture is a specialized branch of aquaculture. This domain has emerged as a dedicated endeavour involving the breeding, care and trade of visually captivating and often exotic fish species. This comprehensive review examines the dynamic landscape of ornamental fish culture within aquaculture, highlighting key advancements and challenges. The global industry, valued at billions, is propelled by selective breeding, resulting in diverse ornamental fish varieties. Singapore's pivotal role as an exporter, especially of culturally significant species like Betta fish, exemplifies the industry's global prominence. Artificial reproduction methods and genetic advancements, such as the identification of the MC1R gene, showcase innovations in breeding practices. Environmental management, crucial for ornamental fish health, is exemplified by cutting-edge practices in high-profile aquariums, emphasizing the influence of water parameters on fish well-being. Disease prevention strategies, including innovative diagnostic tools, are implemented by industry leaders like the Qian Hu Fish Farm. The global ornamental fish trade, influenced by cultural preferences, is supported by data revealing economic dimensions and market dynamics. India's potential in the industry, leveraging its biodiversity, is showcased with instances from the Eastern Ghats. Challenges, including diseases and habitat degradation, are addressed by initiatives like the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC), emphasizing responsible sourcing. Regulatory frameworks, exemplified by the European Union, underscore caution in genetic modification, emphasizing the need for responsible applications. In conclusion, the review provides a nuanced synthesis of data, facts, and instances, offering a comprehensive understanding of ornamental fish culture's present status, challenges, and promising future. The industry emerges as a leader in technological and ethical innovation within the broader realm of aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"54 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1135
B. N. Jadhav
To overcome nutritional demand of world as well as India in future, poultry sector is best source of animal protein. The broiler production is only the source which fulfills the future demand of food. Many diseases in chicken hamper the production of chicken in organized and unorganized poultry. Chicken coccidiosis and other zoonotic diseases cause pathological impact on growth of the chicken. In spite of the availability of effective drugs and other medicine, coccidiosis is great threat to poultry industry. All over the world seven species of Eimeria produces morbidity and mortality, poor weight, and loss of egg production causing huge economic loss to the poultry sector. Indian poultry majorly affected by coccidia in monsoon season followed by winter and summer. The percentage prevalence of coccidiosis is higher in unorganized poultry than organized. Poor management practices and less care may increase the percentage of diseases among chicks in the early stage of life. Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix are potential killer species in the poultry coccidiosis.
{"title":"Current Status of Poultry Coccidiosis in Developing India","authors":"B. N. Jadhav","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1135","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome nutritional demand of world as well as India in future, poultry sector is best source of animal protein. The broiler production is only the source which fulfills the future demand of food. Many diseases in chicken hamper the production of chicken in organized and unorganized poultry. Chicken coccidiosis and other zoonotic diseases cause pathological impact on growth of the chicken. In spite of the availability of effective drugs and other medicine, coccidiosis is great threat to poultry industry. All over the world seven species of Eimeria produces morbidity and mortality, poor weight, and loss of egg production causing huge economic loss to the poultry sector. \u0000Indian poultry majorly affected by coccidia in monsoon season followed by winter and summer. The percentage prevalence of coccidiosis is higher in unorganized poultry than organized. Poor management practices and less care may increase the percentage of diseases among chicks in the early stage of life. Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix are potential killer species in the poultry coccidiosis.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"55 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish is a rich source of nutrients and help to reduce the inadequacy of calcium, vitamin A, iron, protein and cure many diseases. Labeo rohita (Rohu) is commercial species of Pakistan and main food item. The base of this study is to enhance the growth of Labeo rohita under special dietary condition. The aim of this research project was to check the effect of traditional herb Aloe barbadensis on Growth rate, FCR, Survival rate and Gastrointestinal villi histopathology of Labeo rohita fed on different Aloe barbadensis concentration containing diet. Methodology: Initial stocks of 120 Labeo rohita fingerlings having average weight 14.30 +3.51g were bought from Government Fish Hatchery, Faisalabad. Aloe barbadensis leaf’s powder were prepared ad mixed with different concentration of conventional feed ingredients like such as fish meal, rice polish, corn, wheat bran. Four treatments were designed including a control and Aloe barbadensis incorporated in the fish feed at 0%, 05% and 10%, 15% which were administrated for a period of 180 days. This feeding trial remains continued till 180 days in aquarium. Iso nitrogenous diets having protein level 33±1g.45 but different concentration of Aloe barbadensis were prepared and fed to fingerlings. Ingredients quantity was calculated by using Pearson square method. Conventional feed ingredients i.e. fish meal, rice polish, corn and wheat brane were used in feed in pellet forn. At the end of feeding trial three fish from each aquarium were selected randomly for gastrointestinal analysis. Gastrointestinal Villi parameters like length, width of intestine villi were measured at the end of trail. Results: According to results, different levels of Aloe barbadensis leave’s powder had significant positive effect upon Growth, Survival rate, and FCR. Results showed that Aloe barbadensis at 15% (T3) resulted in improved growth rate, Survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Aloe barbadensis-treated groups showed improvement in intestinal villi length, width and gap between villi. The present study suggests that Aloe barbadensis especially at 15% feed administration may enhance effectively the growth performance and gastrointestinal (villi) parameters like length, width and gap between villi of Labeo rohita.
{"title":"Aloe barbadensis Effect on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract of Labeo rohita","authors":"Nasim Akhtar, Muhmmad Sultan Haider, Mamoona Kiran Zareen, Sadia Fatima, Adeela Hassan","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4134","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is a rich source of nutrients and help to reduce the inadequacy of calcium, vitamin A, iron, protein and cure many diseases. Labeo rohita (Rohu) is commercial species of Pakistan and main food item. The base of this study is to enhance the growth of Labeo rohita under special dietary condition. The aim of this research project was to check the effect of traditional herb Aloe barbadensis on Growth rate, FCR, Survival rate and Gastrointestinal villi histopathology of Labeo rohita fed on different Aloe barbadensis concentration containing diet. Methodology: Initial stocks of 120 Labeo rohita fingerlings having average weight 14.30 +3.51g were bought from Government Fish Hatchery, Faisalabad. Aloe barbadensis leaf’s powder were prepared ad mixed with different concentration of conventional feed ingredients like such as fish meal, rice polish, corn, wheat bran. Four treatments were designed including a control and Aloe barbadensis incorporated in the fish feed at 0%, 05% and 10%, 15% which were administrated for a period of 180 days. This feeding trial remains continued till 180 days in aquarium. Iso nitrogenous diets having protein level 33±1g.45 but different concentration of Aloe barbadensis were prepared and fed to fingerlings. Ingredients quantity was calculated by using Pearson square method. Conventional feed ingredients i.e. fish meal, rice polish, corn and wheat brane were used in feed in pellet forn. At the end of feeding trial three fish from each aquarium were selected randomly for gastrointestinal analysis. Gastrointestinal Villi parameters like length, width of intestine villi were measured at the end of trail. Results: According to results, different levels of Aloe barbadensis leave’s powder had significant positive effect upon Growth, Survival rate, and FCR. Results showed that Aloe barbadensis at 15% (T3) resulted in improved growth rate, Survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Aloe barbadensis-treated groups showed improvement in intestinal villi length, width and gap between villi. The present study suggests that Aloe barbadensis especially at 15% feed administration may enhance effectively the growth performance and gastrointestinal (villi) parameters like length, width and gap between villi of Labeo rohita.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"22 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4133
Bernadin Bouko, Nounagnon Darius Tossavi, Jijoho J. Gospel Gandé, Ablavi Aboki Onzo, Tadjida Bienvenu Zannou, M. Ibikounlé
Aims: This paper presents a snapshot of the metazoan parasite fauna of Sarotherodon melanotheron collected from two stations across lake Nokoué. Study Design: Fish samplings were done at the landing stage of Lake Nokoué (sampling site 1) and Tota (sampling site 2) from october 2016 to march 2017. Water physicochemical parameters such as pH, salinity, temperature, and conductivity were measured monthly. Methodology: A total of 246 specimens of Sarotherodon melanotheron comprising 149 males and 97 females were investigated. Size and weight were measured. Then,fish were dissected and parasites were checked in several organs. Collected parasite were identified using adequate keys of identification. The chi square test was used to compare the prevalence of different parasite groups whereas Student T-test was applied to assess difference between parasite mean abundance within the two sampling stations. The pearson correlation coefficient was used to appraise possible influence of water parameters on parasite prevalence. Results: The total prevalence was 86.58%. Eight parasite species were collected belonging to Myxosporidia, Monogena, Digena, Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Copepoda. Epidemiological parameters were calculated in order to appreciate the diversity of the parasitofauna according to sampling site, sex, and fish size. Females were significantly more infected than males (χ2 = 10.093; p < .05). Among the parasites, only monogenean prevalence (41.46%) was significantly different (χ2 = 149.645; p < .05). Correlation between physicochemical parameters and the prevalence of parasite groups showed that monogenea and cestoda were the most abundant in rainy season in opposite to the Digena that are mainly recorded in the dry season.
{"title":"Assessing the Diversity of Metazoan Parasites of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Cichlidae) from Inlands Waters in Southern Benin (West Africa)","authors":"Bernadin Bouko, Nounagnon Darius Tossavi, Jijoho J. Gospel Gandé, Ablavi Aboki Onzo, Tadjida Bienvenu Zannou, M. Ibikounlé","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4133","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This paper presents a snapshot of the metazoan parasite fauna of Sarotherodon melanotheron collected from two stations across lake Nokoué. \u0000Study Design: Fish samplings were done at the landing stage of Lake Nokoué (sampling site 1) and Tota (sampling site 2) from october 2016 to march 2017. Water physicochemical parameters such as pH, salinity, temperature, and conductivity were measured monthly. \u0000Methodology: A total of 246 specimens of Sarotherodon melanotheron comprising 149 males and 97 females were investigated. Size and weight were measured. Then,fish were dissected and parasites were checked in several organs. Collected parasite were identified using adequate keys of identification. The chi square test was used to compare the prevalence of different parasite groups whereas Student T-test was applied to assess difference between parasite mean abundance within the two sampling stations. The pearson correlation coefficient was used to appraise possible influence of water parameters on parasite prevalence. \u0000Results: The total prevalence was 86.58%. Eight parasite species were collected belonging to Myxosporidia, Monogena, Digena, Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Copepoda. Epidemiological parameters were calculated in order to appreciate the diversity of the parasitofauna according to sampling site, sex, and fish size. Females were significantly more infected than males (χ2 = 10.093; p < .05). Among the parasites, only monogenean prevalence (41.46%) was significantly different (χ2 = 149.645; p < .05). Correlation between physicochemical parameters and the prevalence of parasite groups showed that monogenea and cestoda were the most abundant in rainy season in opposite to the Digena that are mainly recorded in the dry season.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"51 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4132
M. G. Raju, U. Pravallika, K. Pavani, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V., Keerthana Edunoori
Aim: An essential medicinal plant, Echhornia crassipes is a member of the Pontederiaceae family and is used to treat a wide range of disorders. Using various animal models, this study sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing benefits of an ethanolic extract of E. crassipes. Study Design: This study engaged in vivo studies to investigate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory studies of the extract when compare with standard treatment. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Methodology: The optimal dosage of MEEC (Methanolic Extract of Eichhornia crassipes) was established by conducting acute toxicity tests. The efficacy of wound healing was assessed in this study by means of excision and incision wound models. For the purpose of inducing paw oedema and testing the anti-inflammatory efficacy, we utilised carrageenan and formalin, respectively. Results: Experiments on acute toxicity indicated that the extract was acceptable at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Two gel concentrations of the extract, 5% and 10%, were applied topically. Wounds healed significantly faster with 10% MEEC gel than with the conventional 10% povidone iodine ointment. Similar to the gold standard drug diclofenac, MEEC at doses of 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in the two animal models. Conclusion: The benefits of MEEC on wound healing and inflammation may be attributed to its chemical components, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and sterols.
{"title":"Preclinical Assessment of Wound Healing and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Eichhornia crassipes in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"M. G. Raju, U. Pravallika, K. Pavani, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V., Keerthana Edunoori","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4132","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: An essential medicinal plant, Echhornia crassipes is a member of the Pontederiaceae family and is used to treat a wide range of disorders. Using various animal models, this study sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing benefits of an ethanolic extract of E. crassipes. \u0000Study Design: This study engaged in vivo studies to investigate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory studies of the extract when compare with standard treatment. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. \u0000Methodology: The optimal dosage of MEEC (Methanolic Extract of Eichhornia crassipes) was established by conducting acute toxicity tests. The efficacy of wound healing was assessed in this study by means of excision and incision wound models. For the purpose of inducing paw oedema and testing the anti-inflammatory efficacy, we utilised carrageenan and formalin, respectively. \u0000Results: Experiments on acute toxicity indicated that the extract was acceptable at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Two gel concentrations of the extract, 5% and 10%, were applied topically. Wounds healed significantly faster with 10% MEEC gel than with the conventional 10% povidone iodine ointment. Similar to the gold standard drug diclofenac, MEEC at doses of 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in the two animal models. \u0000Conclusion: The benefits of MEEC on wound healing and inflammation may be attributed to its chemical components, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and sterols.","PeriodicalId":355136,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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