Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0011
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter talks about men having sex with other men in France that regularly found themselves in front of officers of the king's justice. It likens eighteenth-century Paris to London, which had a well-developed subculture wherein men attracted to other men could find each other, socialize, or go for gens de la manchette (cruise for sex). It also details how these French men lived under constant surveillance by the police, ever ready to move in to make an arrest. The chapter looks at transcriptions conserved in the archives of the Bastille that resulted from interrogations wherein the question of same-sex marriage appears several times. It recounts the case of a man named Gobert, who says he has lived in a house with a young man for four years and refers to another good-looking boy with whom he had lived like man and wife.
这一章讲的是法国男人经常在国王的司法官员面前与其他男人发生性关系。它把18世纪的巴黎比作伦敦，那里有一个发达的亚文化，被其他男人吸引的男人可以找到彼此，社交，或者去gens de la manchette(为性而巡航)。书中还详细描述了这些法国人是如何在警察的持续监视下生活的，他们时刻准备着采取行动进行逮捕。这一章着眼于巴士底狱档案中保存的审讯记录，其中多次出现了同性婚姻的问题。它讲述了一个名叫戈贝尔的人的故事，他说他和一个年轻人在一所房子里住了四年，并提到了另一个漂亮的男孩，他和他像夫妻一样生活。
{"title":"Looking Forward / Looking Back","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about men having sex with other men in France that regularly found themselves in front of officers of the king's justice. It likens eighteenth-century Paris to London, which had a well-developed subculture wherein men attracted to other men could find each other, socialize, or go for gens de la manchette (cruise for sex). It also details how these French men lived under constant surveillance by the police, ever ready to move in to make an arrest. The chapter looks at transcriptions conserved in the archives of the Bastille that resulted from interrogations wherein the question of same-sex marriage appears several times. It recounts the case of a man named Gobert, who says he has lived in a house with a young man for four years and refers to another good-looking boy with whom he had lived like man and wife.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124788155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0004
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter compares the legal point of view of marriage to other forms of contractual and affective relationships current in late medieval and early modern Europe, such as affrèrement or adoptive brotherhood. It explains that affrèrements involved relationships among several men that are similar to marriage, even if these men have wives and children. It also mentions John Boswell, who described Eastern Orthodox liturgies of adelphopoiesis as a form of same-sex union that involved a sexual relationship. The chapter analyzes evidence of the existence of similar ceremonies as affrèrements in the West, namely an ordo ad fratres faciendum that is attested in fourteenth-century Dalmatia. It refers to Iberians in Rome that were described by Michel de Montaigne, who were involved in performing a brotherhood ceremony.
这一章将婚姻的法律观点与其他形式的契约和情感关系进行比较，这些契约和情感关系存在于中世纪晚期和现代早期的欧洲，如抚养权或收养兄弟关系。它解释说，婚外情涉及几个男人之间的关系，类似于婚姻，即使这些男人有妻子和孩子。书中还提到了约翰·博斯韦尔，他将东正教的圣歌仪式描述为一种涉及性关系的同性结合形式。本章分析了西方存在的类似仪式的证据，即14世纪达尔马提亚的ordo and fratres facientum。它指的是罗马的伊比利亚人，米歇尔·德·蒙田(Michel de Montaigne)描述了他们，他们参与了兄弟仪式的表演。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0002
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter focuses on French essayist Michel de Montaigne, who is considered a logical point of departure since his account of same-sex relationships is by far the most well known today. It recounts the contended process of Montaigne's Journal de voyage as the abbé Prunis found much of its content distasteful. It also cites a passage in Journal de voyage concerning same-sex marriages in Rome that embarrassed Canon Guillaume-Vivien Leydet, just as parts of the manuscript had embarrassed the abbé Prunis. The chapter discusses Montaigne's anecdote that was intended to surprise and amuse the worldly, cultivated visitor in search of diverse customs and unusual happenings. It highlights the influence of Montaigne's Essais on his early free-thinking readers in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
{"title":"A French Writer Visits","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on French essayist Michel de Montaigne, who is considered a logical point of departure since his account of same-sex relationships is by far the most well known today. It recounts the contended process of Montaigne's Journal de voyage as the abbé Prunis found much of its content distasteful. It also cites a passage in Journal de voyage concerning same-sex marriages in Rome that embarrassed Canon Guillaume-Vivien Leydet, just as parts of the manuscript had embarrassed the abbé Prunis. The chapter discusses Montaigne's anecdote that was intended to surprise and amuse the worldly, cultivated visitor in search of diverse customs and unusual happenings. It highlights the influence of Montaigne's Essais on his early free-thinking readers in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123084413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0006
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter recounts the process of execution of criminals that evolved in significant ways in late medieval and early modern Italy. It details how executions became surrounded with pious action and communal involvement, notably through the foundation of various confraternities that took charge of condemned prisoners in the hours leading up to and following the criminal's death. It also discusses the mission of the Confraternity of San Giovanni, which was to minister to condemned prisoners and “comfort” them according to the confraternity manuals produced to aid the brothers in their work. The chapter covers the principal activity of the lay comforters that includes talking to the condemned men to convince them to make their confession and receive communion before dying. It refers to the wills that the confraternity recorded for each of the condemned men to give them a good death and save their soul in the afterlife.
{"title":"Final Hours","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter recounts the process of execution of criminals that evolved in significant ways in late medieval and early modern Italy. It details how executions became surrounded with pious action and communal involvement, notably through the foundation of various confraternities that took charge of condemned prisoners in the hours leading up to and following the criminal's death. It also discusses the mission of the Confraternity of San Giovanni, which was to minister to condemned prisoners and “comfort” them according to the confraternity manuals produced to aid the brothers in their work. The chapter covers the principal activity of the lay comforters that includes talking to the condemned men to convince them to make their confession and receive communion before dying. It refers to the wills that the confraternity recorded for each of the condemned men to give them a good death and save their soul in the afterlife.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0007
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter mentions the prosecution of sodomy in sixteenth-century Rome that was dealt with by the court or the Vicario, while the Inquisition only became involved in cases where there was a suspicion of false belief. It elaborates that in cases involving marriage, it would be dealt with by the Inquisition as they are involved in a sacrament called into question by Protestant Reformers. It also highlights the trial involving the boatman, Battista regarding his part in the marriage of two men, considering him as an interesting figure that have been sexually passive. The chapter elaborates how Battista represents another kind of person that the history of sexuality has not frequently been able to identify in the past and has often associated with modernity. It analyzes Battista's report of being guided to San Giovanni by two youths, which directly reverses the pederastic scenario of adult men abducting boys for sexual purposes.
{"title":"Voices on Trial","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter mentions the prosecution of sodomy in sixteenth-century Rome that was dealt with by the court or the Vicario, while the Inquisition only became involved in cases where there was a suspicion of false belief. It elaborates that in cases involving marriage, it would be dealt with by the Inquisition as they are involved in a sacrament called into question by Protestant Reformers. It also highlights the trial involving the boatman, Battista regarding his part in the marriage of two men, considering him as an interesting figure that have been sexually passive. The chapter elaborates how Battista represents another kind of person that the history of sexuality has not frequently been able to identify in the past and has often associated with modernity. It analyzes Battista's report of being guided to San Giovanni by two youths, which directly reverses the pederastic scenario of adult men abducting boys for sexual purposes.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0009
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter looks at the testimony of Antonio Valez, who was part of the group of men that was arrested and accused of getting married and conducting sodomy in a vineyard. It describes vineyards outside the city walls of Rome as the site of sexual activities, including the abduction and rape of boys by older youths or men. It also analyzes the question of marriage that came up in Valez's next statement, which was a response to the court's telling him to describe what business it was that brought him to Rome. The chapter explores Valez's statement of a desire for chastity that serves to counter suspicions of debauchery and sodomy, referencing to marriage. It details how Valez sought to establish his distance from any form of shameful or illicit sexual activity and the potential of his contracting an honorable, religious, and legal union with a woman.
{"title":"Marriage as Alibi, as Euphemism, as Recruitment","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the testimony of Antonio Valez, who was part of the group of men that was arrested and accused of getting married and conducting sodomy in a vineyard. It describes vineyards outside the city walls of Rome as the site of sexual activities, including the abduction and rape of boys by older youths or men. It also analyzes the question of marriage that came up in Valez's next statement, which was a response to the court's telling him to describe what business it was that brought him to Rome. The chapter explores Valez's statement of a desire for chastity that serves to counter suspicions of debauchery and sodomy, referencing to marriage. It details how Valez sought to establish his distance from any form of shameful or illicit sexual activity and the potential of his contracting an honorable, religious, and legal union with a woman.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128023677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0005
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter talks about a series of newsletters that were sent from Rome on the arrest of some young men that performed a wedding and went to bed together after getting drunk. It refers to the description of the youths' relations wherein the euphemism coricarsi was used by the author, noting that the association of marrying followed by sex echoes closely the accounts of Michel de Montaigne and Antonio Tiepolo. It also cites the evidence from Rome that attests to the prevalence of more sinister variants of socializing among groups of men. The chapter reviews Marina Baldassari's analysis of cases in which boys were abducted for sexual purposes by older youths or adults. It highlights the cultural scenario of pederastic exploitation, abduction, and rape that reflects the reality of certain aspects of the relations between the members of the group of men and their actions.
{"title":"Other Witnesses, Other Stories","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about a series of newsletters that were sent from Rome on the arrest of some young men that performed a wedding and went to bed together after getting drunk. It refers to the description of the youths' relations wherein the euphemism coricarsi was used by the author, noting that the association of marrying followed by sex echoes closely the accounts of Michel de Montaigne and Antonio Tiepolo. It also cites the evidence from Rome that attests to the prevalence of more sinister variants of socializing among groups of men. The chapter reviews Marina Baldassari's analysis of cases in which boys were abducted for sexual purposes by older youths or adults. It highlights the cultural scenario of pederastic exploitation, abduction, and rape that reflects the reality of certain aspects of the relations between the members of the group of men and their actions.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117298636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0003
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter examines the testimony that comes from a dispatch of the Venetian ambassador in Rome, Antonio Tiepolo. It talks about Tiepolo's dispatch that illustrates a sizable network of men who met together on more than one occasion, raising the issue of how these men were apprehended as their activities have become visible to the point of triggering their denunciation. It also emphasizes the agreement between Tiepolo and Michel de Montaigne that the men in Rome performed some kind of wedding ceremony. The chapter elaborates how Tiepolo affirmed that the men got married but he did not specify whether they followed the ritual of a typical wedding between a man and a woman. It includes Tiepolo's statement that the marriage between two men defiled the name of holy matrimony with “alcune lor cerimonie” and by joining together like husband and wife.
本章考察了威尼斯驻罗马大使安东尼奥·蒂埃波罗的证词。书中谈到了Tiepolo的派遣，它说明了一个相当大的男人网络，他们在不止一次的场合会面，提出了一个问题，即这些人是如何被逮捕的，因为他们的活动已经变得可见，以至于引发了他们的谴责。它还强调了蒂埃波罗和蒙田之间的协议，即罗马的男人举行了某种婚礼仪式。这一章详细阐述了Tiepolo是如何确认这些男人结婚的，但他没有具体说明他们是否遵循了一男一女的典型婚礼仪式。它包括提波罗的声明，两个男人之间的婚姻玷污了神圣婚姻的名字，用“alcune lor cerimonie”和像丈夫和妻子一样结合在一起。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0012
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter proposes ways in which cases studies about same-sex marriage might be “usable” or lend itself to meaningful appropriation in the present. It brings the evidence from Renaissance Rome into dialogue with the issue of same-sex marriage from the perspectives of LGBT politics and queer politics. It also develops lines of reflection concerning forms of desire and resistance, including memory, loss, and place, sexual and social dissidence, creative and transformative appropriation, alternative temporalities, and histories yet unknown. The chapter reviews intimate information concerning the sex lives of a group of men from the sixteenth century, which is considered important for the history of sexuality. It explores the extent to which it was possible in early modern Europe to conceive of a marriage between two masculinities or two femininities.
{"title":"Ghost Stories","authors":"Gary L. Ferguson","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter proposes ways in which cases studies about same-sex marriage might be “usable” or lend itself to meaningful appropriation in the present. It brings the evidence from Renaissance Rome into dialogue with the issue of same-sex marriage from the perspectives of LGBT politics and queer politics. It also develops lines of reflection concerning forms of desire and resistance, including memory, loss, and place, sexual and social dissidence, creative and transformative appropriation, alternative temporalities, and histories yet unknown. The chapter reviews intimate information concerning the sex lives of a group of men from the sixteenth century, which is considered important for the history of sexuality. It explores the extent to which it was possible in early modern Europe to conceive of a marriage between two masculinities or two femininities.","PeriodicalId":355451,"journal":{"name":"Same-Sex Marriage in Renaissance Rome","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134068568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501755262.003.0008
Gary L. Ferguson
This chapter introduces the church of San Giovanni a Porta Latina, which is an important Christian site as it marks the supposed place of the martyrdom of Saint John the Evangelist. It mentions Saint John at the Latin Gate that represents a geographically and legally marginal place in the late sixteenth century. It also talks about Marco Pinto, who was able to exploit a different kind of marginal culture by introducing “hermits” of an unaccustomed sort in San Giovanni. The chapter refers to Geronimo de Pacis, who confessed to his interrogators that he has had several sexual interactions with Pinto for many years, a scenario that is considered a typical one in early modern Europe. It highlights the context wherein the older man can take advantage of his physical proximity to a youth to initiate sexual relations that take place along clearly determined pederastic lines.
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