Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050201
Saira Akram, S. Hafeez, Basit Nazeer, Sajid Rasheed Ahmad
Introduction Geographic information system (GIS) is a strong tool in flood hazard mapping, mitigation, and management. GIS-based approach provides the capability to measure the flood inundation. Integration of web technologies with GIS (Web-GIS) is quite significant to accomplish the aim. Methodology In this research, HEC-RAS 1D was used to map the flooded area around River Ravi at Lahore. The output of HEC-RAS with Web-GIS stack were used to build the interactive flood measuring tool. The Web-GIS stack used for this study was Geo Server, PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Geo Server provides the OGC implemented standards with vendor specific capabilities like WMS Animator in Geo Server animate the flood inundation on the User-Interface (UI) and extent animation to make visual interpretations. CQL filter is vendor specific capability in Geo Server used to measure the flood inundation. Results The Output maps of HEC-RAS are capable enough to understand flood inundation and other damage assessments not only to analyst but also the layman. The working and animated layers are shown in Result section of this research. Conclusion This web-based flood inundation is robust, user-friendly, and expandable for more features, scenarios, and conditions. This research concludes that visual and web-based data is near to mind understanding for common person intellectuals.
{"title":"Development of A Web based GIS Solution for Flood Inundation Mapping and Assessment in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Saira Akram, S. Hafeez, Basit Nazeer, Sajid Rasheed Ahmad","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Geographic information system (GIS) is a strong tool in flood hazard mapping, mitigation, and management. GIS-based approach provides the capability to measure the flood inundation. Integration of web technologies with GIS (Web-GIS) is quite significant to accomplish the aim. \u0000Methodology\u0000In this research, HEC-RAS 1D was used to map the flooded area around River Ravi at Lahore. The output of HEC-RAS with Web-GIS stack were used to build the interactive flood measuring tool. The Web-GIS stack used for this study was Geo Server, PHP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Geo Server provides the OGC implemented standards with vendor specific capabilities like WMS Animator in Geo Server animate the flood inundation on the User-Interface (UI) and extent animation to make visual interpretations. CQL filter is vendor specific capability in Geo Server used to measure the flood inundation. \u0000Results\u0000The Output maps of HEC-RAS are capable enough to understand flood inundation and other damage assessments not only to analyst but also the layman. The working and animated layers are shown in Result section of this research. \u0000Conclusion\u0000This web-based flood inundation is robust, user-friendly, and expandable for more features, scenarios, and conditions. This research concludes that visual and web-based data is near to mind understanding for common person intellectuals.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125053041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050105
F. Memon, M. Jawaid, Shahnawaz Talpur
In computer vision image detection and quantification play an important role. Image Detection and quantification is the process of identifying nodule position and the amount of covered area. The dataset which we have used for this research contains 3D CT lung images. In our proposed work we have taken 3D images and those are high-resolution images. We have compared the accuracy of the existing mask and our segmented images. The segmentation method that we have applied to these images is Sparse Field Method localized region-based segmentation and for Nodule detection, I have used ray projection. The ray projection method is efficient for making the point more visible by its x, y, and z components. like a parametric equation where the line crossing through a targeted point by that nodule is more dominated. The Frangi filter was to give a geometric shape to the nodule and we got 90% accurate detection. The high mortality rate associated with lung cancer makes it imperative that it be detected at an early stage. The application of computerized image processing methods has the potential to improve both the efficiency and reliability of lung cancer screening. Computerized tomography (CT) pictures are frequently used in medical image processing because of their excellent resolution and low noise. Computer-aided detection systems, including preprocessing and segmentation methods, as well as data analysis approaches, have been investigated in this research for their potential use in the detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. The primary objective was to research cutting-edge methods for creating computational diagnostic tools to aid in the collection, processing, and interpretation of medical imaging data. Nonetheless, there are still areas that need more work, such as improving sensitivity, decreasing false positives, and optimizing the identification of each type of nodule, even those of varying size and form.
{"title":"Detection & Quantification of Lung Nodules Using 3D CT images","authors":"F. Memon, M. Jawaid, Shahnawaz Talpur","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050105","url":null,"abstract":"In computer vision image detection and quantification play an important role. Image Detection and quantification is the process of identifying nodule position and the amount of covered area. The dataset which we have used for this research contains 3D CT lung images. In our proposed work we have taken 3D images and those are high-resolution images. We have compared the accuracy of the existing mask and our segmented images. The segmentation method that we have applied to these images is Sparse Field Method localized region-based segmentation and for Nodule detection, I have used ray projection. The ray projection method is efficient for making the point more visible by its x, y, and z components. like a parametric equation where the line crossing through a targeted point by that nodule is more dominated. The Frangi filter was to give a geometric shape to the nodule and we got 90% accurate detection. The high mortality rate associated with lung cancer makes it imperative that it be detected at an early stage. The application of computerized image processing methods has the potential to improve both the efficiency and reliability of lung cancer screening. Computerized tomography (CT) pictures are frequently used in medical image processing because of their excellent resolution and low noise. Computer-aided detection systems, including preprocessing and segmentation methods, as well as data analysis approaches, have been investigated in this research for their potential use in the detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. The primary objective was to research cutting-edge methods for creating computational diagnostic tools to aid in the collection, processing, and interpretation of medical imaging data. Nonetheless, there are still areas that need more work, such as improving sensitivity, decreasing false positives, and optimizing the identification of each type of nodule, even those of varying size and form.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115008981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050104
J. Qureshi, S. A. Mahmood, A. Amin, T. Mahmood
Pakistan, which is positioned in the South Asian sub-continent, occupies a significant climatological location. It is included among the world's few countries which experience a comprehensive transformation from summer all the way to winter season. The variation in precipitation has direct and significant consequences on society. In this ongoing research, the latitudinal variation in the track of the frontal system and trends in Pakistan during the monsoon period have been examined. Meteorological data (monthly rainfall, maximum temperature, satellite images, upstream data for Tarbela, Mangla, Rasool, and Marala) has been taken to conduct the ongoing research. Consequently, the focus of the study is the frontal weather system that moves North of Pakistan and energizes the monsoon rainfall over the Indus Basin which makes it a source of flooding. The rainfall is the cause of flooding downstream of rivers in the plains of Punjab and Sindh. Varying trends in rainfall were observed across the selected stations in Pakistan. The ongoing research is conducted across Pakistan with Gilgit and Skardu being the cities in Northern Pakistan. Among all the water reservoirs, Tarbela exhibited an increased upstream flow due to the snow melt factor over glaciers in Gilgit and Skardu because of an increase in maximum temperature.
{"title":"Frontal System Track Variation and Its Impact on Water Availability in Northern Pakistan Using Remote Sensing and Ground Data During Monsoon Season- 2019","authors":"J. Qureshi, S. A. Mahmood, A. Amin, T. Mahmood","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050104","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan, which is positioned in the South Asian sub-continent, occupies a significant climatological location. It is included among the world's few countries which experience a comprehensive transformation from summer all the way to winter season. The variation in precipitation has direct and significant consequences on society. In this ongoing research, the latitudinal variation in the track of the frontal system and trends in Pakistan during the monsoon period have been examined. Meteorological data (monthly rainfall, maximum temperature, satellite images, upstream data for Tarbela, Mangla, Rasool, and Marala) has been taken to conduct the ongoing research. Consequently, the focus of the study is the frontal weather system that moves North of Pakistan and energizes the monsoon rainfall over the Indus Basin which makes it a source of flooding. The rainfall is the cause of flooding downstream of rivers in the plains of Punjab and Sindh. Varying trends in rainfall were observed across the selected stations in Pakistan. The ongoing research is conducted across Pakistan with Gilgit and Skardu being the cities in Northern Pakistan. Among all the water reservoirs, Tarbela exhibited an increased upstream flow due to the snow melt factor over glaciers in Gilgit and Skardu because of an increase in maximum temperature.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"77 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134501605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050101
Mian Muhammad Bilal, G. Rasool, S. I. Hashmi, Zaigham Mushtaq
Alarge number of studies including research articles and surveys on android malware detection and analysis techniques have been presented during the last one and a half decades. The authors proposed different systems and frameworks to identify malware from software applications. However, there is no recent and comprehensive systematic literature review on the detection and analysis of android malware methods, systems, and frameworks. We present a systematic review of literature on android malware detection and analysis techniques and tools by following standard guidelines for Systematic Literature Review methodology from 2010 to 2021. We selected 75 most relevant studies out of 3343 published studies. We found that the prominent malicious datasets are Genome (39%) and Drebin (36%) used by different researchers for the detection of malware. The static, dynamic, and hybrid source code analysis methods are applied by android malware detection techniques. We also identified the limitations and future research directions of existing techniques as research gaps for the community. Based on the pragmatic evidence of this research, we have proposed a hybrid analysis-based multiple feature analysis framework. This framework will not only address the limitations of static and dynamic-based approaches, but it also analyzes evolving android malware datasets using deep neural network and machine learning techniques and improve the accuracy of evolving malware samples.
{"title":"Pragmatic Evidence on Android Malware Analysis Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Mian Muhammad Bilal, G. Rasool, S. I. Hashmi, Zaigham Mushtaq","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050101","url":null,"abstract":"Alarge number of studies including research articles and surveys on android malware detection and analysis techniques have been presented during the last one and a half decades. The authors proposed different systems and frameworks to identify malware from software applications. However, there is no recent and comprehensive systematic literature review on the detection and analysis of android malware methods, systems, and frameworks. We present a systematic review of literature on android malware detection and analysis techniques and tools by following standard guidelines for Systematic Literature Review methodology from 2010 to 2021. We selected 75 most relevant studies out of 3343 published studies. We found that the prominent malicious datasets are Genome (39%) and Drebin (36%) used by different researchers for the detection of malware. The static, dynamic, and hybrid source code analysis methods are applied by android malware detection techniques. We also identified the limitations and future research directions of existing techniques as research gaps for the community. Based on the pragmatic evidence of this research, we have proposed a hybrid analysis-based multiple feature analysis framework. This framework will not only address the limitations of static and dynamic-based approaches, but it also analyzes evolving android malware datasets using deep neural network and machine learning techniques and improve the accuracy of evolving malware samples.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128181894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050102
Human action recognition recognizes an action performed by human beings in order to witness the type of action being performed. A lot of technologies have been developed in order to perform this task like GRN, KNN, SVM, depth maps, and two-stream maps. We have used 3 different methods in our research first method is a 2D CNN model, the second method uses an LSTM model and the third method is a combination of CNN+LSTM. With the help of ReLu as an activation function for hidden and input layers. Softmax is an activation function for output training of a neural network. After performing some epochs the results of the recognition of activity are declared. Our dataset is WISDM which recognizes 6 activities e.g., Running, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Downstairs, and Upstairs. After the model is done training the accuracy and loss of recognition of action are described. We achieved to increase in the accuracy of our LSTM model by tuning the hyperparameter by 1.5%. The accuracy of recognition of action is now 98.5% with a decrease in a loss that is 0.09% on the LSTM model, the accuracy of 0.92% and loss of 0.24% is achieved on our 2D CNN model while the CNN+LSTM model gave us an accuracy of 0.90% with the loss of 0.46% that is a stupendous achievement in the path of recognizing actions of a human. Then we introduced autocorrelation for our models. After that, the features of our models and their correlations with each other are also introduced in our research.
{"title":"Action Recognition of Human Skeletal Data Using CNN and LSTM","authors":"","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050102","url":null,"abstract":"Human action recognition recognizes an action performed by human beings in order to witness the type of action being performed. A lot of technologies have been developed in order to perform this task like GRN, KNN, SVM, depth maps, and two-stream maps. We have used 3 different methods in our research first method is a 2D CNN model, the second method uses an LSTM model and the third method is a combination of CNN+LSTM. With the help of ReLu as an activation function for hidden and input layers. Softmax is an activation function for output training of a neural network. After performing some epochs the results of the recognition of activity are declared. Our dataset is WISDM which recognizes 6 activities e.g., Running, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Downstairs, and Upstairs. After the model is done training the accuracy and loss of recognition of action are described. We achieved to increase in the accuracy of our LSTM model by tuning the hyperparameter by 1.5%. The accuracy of recognition of action is now 98.5% with a decrease in a loss that is 0.09% on the LSTM model, the accuracy of 0.92% and loss of 0.24% is achieved on our 2D CNN model while the CNN+LSTM model gave us an accuracy of 0.90% with the loss of 0.46% that is a stupendous achievement in the path of recognizing actions of a human. Then we introduced autocorrelation for our models. After that, the features of our models and their correlations with each other are also introduced in our research.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129987342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2023050103
Muhammad Umar Zulfiqar, M. Kausar
Discipline of urban planning only developed around a century back with the first academic school at the University of Liverpool in 1909. However, the theory of this discipline is relatively older and might date to varying timelines around various parts of the world. However, modern urban planning discipline has got birth in the US and Western Europe. Early development in the theory of urban planning develops challenges for the cities. In response to such challenges, the planning approaches seem to adapt to the needs of emerging regimes evident from the high-scale urban renovation of Paris by Haussmann. This is called the Progressive Model of Planning wherein planners of the time struggled to deal with the challenges imparted by the Industrial Revolution through scientific and engineering-based knowledge. Early urban planning efforts were mostly anarchist movements that reacted to the social issues of the time and include Garden City, Radiant City, Broadacre, etc. This study sought to present these theoretical considerations with respect to certain development classifications in urban planning. Accordingly, the methodology of the research study comprises the following sections/segments for a better understanding of urban planning at different times: i. Pre-History of Urban Planning ii. Foundational Years iii. Modernism (Rational Planning) iv. Post Modernism (Post war suburbia) v. Current Era In short, it is concluded that cities have emerged as a result of conscious decisions. Accordingly, looking into the planning theory requires due consideration of the planning approaches utilized over time. This perceives that planning theory is essentially the study of the decisions made from intuition and that is equally right because planning theory and practice development are in parallel.
{"title":"Historical Development of Urban Planning Theory: Review and Comparison of Theories in Urban Planning","authors":"Muhammad Umar Zulfiqar, M. Kausar","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2023050103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2023050103","url":null,"abstract":"Discipline of urban planning only developed around a century back with the first academic school at the University of Liverpool in 1909. However, the theory of this discipline is relatively older and might date to varying timelines around various parts of the world. However, modern urban planning discipline has got birth in the US and Western Europe. Early development in the theory of urban planning develops challenges for the cities. In response to such challenges, the planning approaches seem to adapt to the needs of emerging regimes evident from the high-scale urban renovation of Paris by Haussmann. This is called the Progressive Model of Planning wherein planners of the time struggled to deal with the challenges imparted by the Industrial Revolution through scientific and engineering-based knowledge. Early urban planning efforts were mostly anarchist movements that reacted to the social issues of the time and include Garden City, Radiant City, Broadacre, etc. This study sought to present these theoretical considerations with respect to certain development classifications in urban planning. Accordingly, the methodology of the research study comprises the following sections/segments for a better understanding of urban planning at different times:\u0000i. Pre-History of Urban Planning\u0000ii. Foundational Years\u0000iii. Modernism (Rational Planning)\u0000iv. Post Modernism (Post war suburbia) \u0000v. Current Era\u0000In short, it is concluded that cities have emerged as a result of conscious decisions. Accordingly, looking into the planning theory requires due consideration of the planning approaches utilized over time. This perceives that planning theory is essentially the study of the decisions made from intuition and that is equally right because planning theory and practice development are in parallel.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122875435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CROSSMARK","authors":"Dr Hassan Raza","doi":"10.1529/12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1529/12516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114980722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-21DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2020020202
S. Abbas, Asif Naushad
An acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 has affected humanity throughout the world. Scientifically, Corona Virus 2 is known as SARS-COV-2 which is abbreviated as COVID-2019. China was the first victim of this outbreaks in December 2019 [1] which was later recognized as pandemic on March 11, 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO) [2,3]. At the time of this writing, about 8.75 million individuals of 188 countries [4] have been effected by COVID resulting in 463000 deaths primarily, corona virus communicates from one body to another body through close contacts via droplets produced by sneezing, coughing or taking by infected badly within a buffer zone of 3 to 6 feet [5,6,7]. These droplets fall onto a surface and can survive up to 72 hours [8]. Various studies have proved that droplets may travel up to 37 feet by an uncovered cough [9,10,11]. Corona virus is not an airborne, however it may transport through respiratory droplets during talking and breathing [12].
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: A Remedial Measure Through Convalescent Serum","authors":"S. Abbas, Asif Naushad","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2020020202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2020020202","url":null,"abstract":"An acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 has affected humanity throughout the world. Scientifically, Corona Virus 2 is known as SARS-COV-2 which is abbreviated as COVID-2019. China was the first victim of this outbreaks in December 2019 [1] which was later recognized as pandemic on March 11, 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO) [2,3]. At the time of this writing, about 8.75 million individuals of 188 countries [4] have been effected by COVID resulting in 463000 deaths primarily, corona virus communicates from one body to another body through close contacts via droplets produced by sneezing, coughing or taking by infected badly within a buffer zone of 3 to 6 feet [5,6,7]. These droplets fall onto a surface and can survive up to 72 hours [8]. Various studies have proved that droplets may travel up to 37 feet by an uncovered cough [9,10,11]. Corona virus is not an airborne, however it may transport through respiratory droplets during talking and breathing [12].","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127895446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2020020203
Rao Mansor Ali Khan, Azam Sohail, Syeda Areeba Gillani, S. S. Hassan, S. A. Mahmood
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired by Shutter Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is useful to compute Surface Dynamics (SDs) including, Drainage Density (DD), Topographic Relative Relief (TRR), Iso Base-Levels (IBL) and Topographic Vertical Dissection (TVD). It provides detailed information about the lithology based on erosional boundaries as well as delineation of active tectonic scarps. It confers a well-built connection among diverse stream Strahler ordering and the localized erosive or neotectonics conditions in an actively deforming topography. These techniques are rapid, proficient, and consistent to demarcate tectonic control even along or over the similar lithologies. This investigation appraises the eroding and uplifting landforms along upstream of Mangla reservoir in lower Jhelum valley. The aim is to delineate margins for lithological demarcation and to distinguish whether these are affected by neotectonics or not. We noticed unusual localbase-level inconsistency that may be related to the well-known active tectonic expressions.
{"title":"Active Surface deformation from DEM Based Surface Dynamics in Upstream of Mangla Reservoir and eastern Potwar Plateau","authors":"Rao Mansor Ali Khan, Azam Sohail, Syeda Areeba Gillani, S. S. Hassan, S. A. Mahmood","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2020020203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2020020203","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired by Shutter Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is useful to compute Surface Dynamics (SDs) including, Drainage Density (DD), Topographic Relative Relief (TRR), Iso Base-Levels (IBL) and Topographic Vertical Dissection (TVD). It provides detailed information about the lithology based on erosional boundaries as well as delineation of active tectonic scarps. It confers a well-built connection among diverse stream Strahler ordering and the localized erosive or neotectonics conditions in an actively deforming topography. These techniques are rapid, proficient, and consistent to demarcate tectonic control even along or over the similar lithologies. This investigation appraises the eroding and uplifting landforms along upstream of Mangla reservoir in lower Jhelum valley. The aim is to delineate margins for lithological demarcation and to distinguish whether these are affected by neotectonics or not. We noticed unusual localbase-level inconsistency that may be related to the well-known active tectonic expressions.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2020020104
Bakhtawar Sajjad, A. Nadeem, H. Hussain, Shaista Ali, Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
T he nanoparticles play a significant role in fabrication process which are used at large scale in various fields e.g., sensors, electronics drug delivery, optics, catalysis and in water purification process. Nanoparticles (NiO/ZnO) were synthesized using sol-gel technique. In this method, 2-propanol was taken to analyze the particle size. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of ZnO/NiO. Ultraviolet Visible (UV) data recorded a band gap for ZnO that was 4.1 eV while UV spectrum of methylene blue demonstrated a decrease in concentration of methylene blue while using NiO/ ZnO as catalyst.
{"title":"Synthesis of NiO/ZnO Nanoparticles using 2-Propanol Solvent and their Applications for Methylene Blue Degradation","authors":"Bakhtawar Sajjad, A. Nadeem, H. Hussain, Shaista Ali, Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2020020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2020020104","url":null,"abstract":"T\u0000he nanoparticles play a significant role in fabrication process which are used at large scale in various fields e.g., sensors, electronics drug delivery, optics, catalysis and in water purification process. Nanoparticles (NiO/ZnO) were synthesized using sol-gel technique. In this method, 2-propanol was taken to analyze the particle size. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of ZnO/NiO. Ultraviolet Visible (UV) data recorded a band gap for ZnO that was 4.1 eV while UV spectrum of methylene blue demonstrated a decrease in concentration of methylene blue while using NiO/ ZnO as catalyst.","PeriodicalId":355997,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124561338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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