This paper details the design process, fabrication, optimisation and early-stage performance testing of Luminescent and Plasmonic Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC & PLSC) devices. A PLSC is a novel approach to solar concentrator technologies that utilizes the principles of luminescence and plasmonics to enhance the devices' solar energy conversion efficiency. This research analyses various mould dimensions, materials and lightguide fabrication methodologies to ensure equivalent LSC/PLSC devices were created in a reproducible method. The optimisation was an iterative process throughout the production and testing stages after which a 100 × 100 × 5 mm PLSC was identified as the optimal for a rooftop installation. To ensure consistency in production as well as assessing the practicality of PLSC installations for building integration, performance testing has been conducted in both indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, the lifespan of the devices are currently being investigated through ongoing performance evaluations. The incorporation of a reflective backplate has resulted in device efficiency improvements between 14–18% during indoor tests and was consequently included for all devices during outdoor performance analysis. Power conversion efficiencies of 2.3% and 1.7% have been recorded in sub-optimal conditions as well as concentration ratios of 11 and 9 for the PLSC and LSC devices respectively.
{"title":"Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of plasmonic luminescent solar concentrator devices","authors":"Aaron Glenn, Subhash Chandra, Sarah McCormack","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2023009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the design process, fabrication, optimisation and early-stage performance testing of Luminescent and Plasmonic Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC & PLSC) devices. A PLSC is a novel approach to solar concentrator technologies that utilizes the principles of luminescence and plasmonics to enhance the devices' solar energy conversion efficiency. This research analyses various mould dimensions, materials and lightguide fabrication methodologies to ensure equivalent LSC/PLSC devices were created in a reproducible method. The optimisation was an iterative process throughout the production and testing stages after which a 100 × 100 × 5 mm PLSC was identified as the optimal for a rooftop installation. To ensure consistency in production as well as assessing the practicality of PLSC installations for building integration, performance testing has been conducted in both indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, the lifespan of the devices are currently being investigated through ongoing performance evaluations. The incorporation of a reflective backplate has resulted in device efficiency improvements between 14–18% during indoor tests and was consequently included for all devices during outdoor performance analysis. Power conversion efficiencies of 2.3% and 1.7% have been recorded in sub-optimal conditions as well as concentration ratios of 11 and 9 for the PLSC and LSC devices respectively.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135103830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Flynn, Subhash Chandra, Anita Ortega, Sarah McCormack
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) ability to concentrate both direct and diffuse solar irradiation exhibits exciting potential as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in urban environments. As BIPV elements, LSCs are often imagined as semi-transparent solar windows which can be integrated seamlessly into a building's façade and architectural applications as solar harvesting devices. One application explored in this research is a solar geodesic dome panel for an ongoing community greenhouse development in Derry, N-Ireland. A 4V and 2 m diameter geodesic dome were modelled in Revit, and an Insight Solar Analysis model optimised the LSC-geodesic dome and calculated the solar potential. The triangular LSC panel of 875 cm 2 was modelled using raytracing software to obtain efficiency parameters. Subsequently, fabricated using a luminescent acrylic 6T66 waveguide, edge-mounted silicon solar cells and tested outdoors for 29 h. A power conversion efficiency of 0.60% compared to theoretical power conversion efficiency of 1.49% was measured. In the optimum location of the dome, the LSC panel would produce 444.22 Wh and, overall, 74.2 kWh in a year. While this power generation is essential, semi-transparent LSC-geodesic dome panel transmission can downshift solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation range, better suited for plant growth and the greenhouse effect.
发光太阳能聚光器(LSCs)具有集中直接和漫射太阳辐射的能力，在城市环境中作为建筑集成光伏(BIPV)具有令人兴奋的潜力。作为BIPV组件，LSCs通常被想象成半透明的太阳能窗户，可以无缝地集成到建筑物的立面和建筑应用中，作为太阳能收集设备。在这项研究中探索的一个应用是为爱尔兰德里正在进行的社区温室开发的太阳能测地圆顶板。在Revit中建模了一个直径为4V和2米的测地线圆顶，Insight Solar Analysis模型优化了lsc -测地线圆顶，并计算了太阳能潜力。利用光线追踪软件对875 cm 2的三角形LSC面板进行了建模，得到了效率参数。随后，采用发光亚克力6T66波导制作，边缘安装硅太阳能电池，并在室外测试29小时。测量到的功率转换效率为0.60%，而理论功率转换效率为1.49%。在穹顶的最佳位置，LSC面板将产生444.22 Wh，总体而言，一年将产生74.2 kWh。虽然这种发电是必不可少的，但半透明的lsc -测地线圆顶板传输可以在光合有效辐射范围内降低太阳辐射，更适合植物生长和温室效应。
{"title":"Assessment of large-area luminescent solar concentrators as building-integrated geodesic dome panels","authors":"Thomas Flynn, Subhash Chandra, Anita Ortega, Sarah McCormack","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023008","url":null,"abstract":"Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) ability to concentrate both direct and diffuse solar irradiation exhibits exciting potential as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in urban environments. As BIPV elements, LSCs are often imagined as semi-transparent solar windows which can be integrated seamlessly into a building's façade and architectural applications as solar harvesting devices. One application explored in this research is a solar geodesic dome panel for an ongoing community greenhouse development in Derry, N-Ireland. A 4V and 2 m diameter geodesic dome were modelled in Revit, and an Insight Solar Analysis model optimised the LSC-geodesic dome and calculated the solar potential. The triangular LSC panel of 875 cm 2 was modelled using raytracing software to obtain efficiency parameters. Subsequently, fabricated using a luminescent acrylic 6T66 waveguide, edge-mounted silicon solar cells and tested outdoors for 29 h. A power conversion efficiency of 0.60% compared to theoretical power conversion efficiency of 1.49% was measured. In the optimum location of the dome, the LSC panel would produce 444.22 Wh and, overall, 74.2 kWh in a year. While this power generation is essential, semi-transparent LSC-geodesic dome panel transmission can downshift solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation range, better suited for plant growth and the greenhouse effect.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Passive building design can improve energy efficiency of buildings, while providing comfortable indoor environment for occupants with minimum mechanical energy use. The foundation of passive design depends on natural sources of energy, which uses building architecture and surrounding environment to minimise heating and cooling loads of buildings with minimum operating and maintenance costs. The correlation of local climate with shape and thermal performance of buildings is one of the main considerations of passive design approach to reduce energy use and increase thermal comfort of occupants. This paper focuses on a series of field studies and building simulation analysis to improve thermal performance of female secondary school buildings in the city of Tehran in Iran during winter season using passive design strategies. The field studies included measuring indoor air temperature, as well as a questionnaire-based survey in a cold winter season in a typical female secondary school building. The on-site monitoring assessed indoor air temperature of classrooms while the occupants completed questionnaires covering their thermal sensations and thermal preferences. Moreover, building thermal simulation analysis were carried out using DesignBuilder tool to evaluate and improve thermal performance of classrooms based on students' thermal requirements and passive design strategies. The simulation analysis started from the basic school building model, investigating various passive design strategies to predict the optimum design strategies for the case study. The simulation results determined how to provide classrooms that are more comfortable for students with minimum energy use. The results of the field studies indicated that indoor thermal environment were usually comfortable for female students based on 7-point ASHRAE scale. However, most of the occupants preferred their indoor thermal environment to be improved. Moreover, simulation results showed that building fabrics and thermal properties, as well as glazing and orientation had significant impacts on indoor air temperature and thermal comfort and using appropriate passive design strategies could improve energy efficiency of the building considerably. Therefore, in order to enhance indoor thermal environment and to increase learning performance of students, it is necessary to use appropriate low energy methods, which can reduce the needs for mechanical energy systems and hence save energy.
{"title":"Improving energy efficiency of school buildings during winter season using passive design strategies","authors":"Sahar Zahiri, H. Altan","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2019005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2019005","url":null,"abstract":"Passive building design can improve energy efficiency of buildings, while providing comfortable indoor environment for occupants with minimum mechanical energy use. The foundation of passive design depends on natural sources of energy, which uses building architecture and surrounding environment to minimise heating and cooling loads of buildings with minimum operating and maintenance costs. The correlation of local climate with shape and thermal performance of buildings is one of the main considerations of passive design approach to reduce energy use and increase thermal comfort of occupants. This paper focuses on a series of field studies and building simulation analysis to improve thermal performance of female secondary school buildings in the city of Tehran in Iran during winter season using passive design strategies. The field studies included measuring indoor air temperature, as well as a questionnaire-based survey in a cold winter season in a typical female secondary school building. The on-site monitoring assessed indoor air temperature of classrooms while the occupants completed questionnaires covering their thermal sensations and thermal preferences. Moreover, building thermal simulation analysis were carried out using DesignBuilder tool to evaluate and improve thermal performance of classrooms based on students' thermal requirements and passive design strategies. The simulation analysis started from the basic school building model, investigating various passive design strategies to predict the optimum design strategies for the case study. The simulation results determined how to provide classrooms that are more comfortable for students with minimum energy use. The results of the field studies indicated that indoor thermal environment were usually comfortable for female students based on 7-point ASHRAE scale. However, most of the occupants preferred their indoor thermal environment to be improved. Moreover, simulation results showed that building fabrics and thermal properties, as well as glazing and orientation had significant impacts on indoor air temperature and thermal comfort and using appropriate passive design strategies could improve energy efficiency of the building considerably. Therefore, in order to enhance indoor thermal environment and to increase learning performance of students, it is necessary to use appropriate low energy methods, which can reduce the needs for mechanical energy systems and hence save energy.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129835758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Straw is an organic material with hygroscopical properties. The high capacity it has of storing moisture from the surroundings can furthermore influence the performance and lead to the possible degradation of the material thereof. The aim of this study was to assess the conductance C-value of a complex material such as straw. A climatic chamber was used to study a sample, which reproduces a traditional plastered straw bale wall. Tests were conducted under different boundary conditions, setting constant values for temperatures and relative humidity. The revision of the assessment's results allowed the calculation of conductance and conductivity values under different conditions. A numerical model was then designed starting from the laboratory data, which was used to characterize material properties. The match between software simulations and laboratory analyses will be a starting point for further tests. Determining the straw conductance C-value is a difficult task to achieve, due to the complexity and the unique properties of the material. In spite of all this, laboratory tests have shown encouraging results, which reflect the great potential of straw as a building material.
{"title":"Hygrothermal behaviour of straw bale walls: experimental tests and numerical analyses","authors":"Alessandra Mesa, A. Arenghi","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2019003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2019003","url":null,"abstract":"Straw is an organic material with hygroscopical properties. The high capacity it has of storing moisture from the surroundings can furthermore influence the performance and lead to the possible degradation of the material thereof. The aim of this study was to assess the conductance C-value of a complex material such as straw. A climatic chamber was used to study a sample, which reproduces a traditional plastered straw bale wall. Tests were conducted under different boundary conditions, setting constant values for temperatures and relative humidity. The revision of the assessment's results allowed the calculation of conductance and conductivity values under different conditions. A numerical model was then designed starting from the laboratory data, which was used to characterize material properties. The match between software simulations and laboratory analyses will be a starting point for further tests. Determining the straw conductance C-value is a difficult task to achieve, due to the complexity and the unique properties of the material. In spite of all this, laboratory tests have shown encouraging results, which reflect the great potential of straw as a building material.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128438215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, the concept of circular economy (CE) has emerged encouraging a rethinking of the way products are designed so that they can be “made to be made again”, turning the conveyor belt of consumerism into a circle (a closed-loop supply chain) and hence eliminate waste. The construction sector, especially, is known to be one of the main contributors of material waste-to-landfill. This paper investigates (i) the causes of construction waste and (ii) the readiness of the construction sector in Malaysia to embrace CE. Based on the relative importance index (RII), the five main causes of construction waste in Malaysia identified include frequent design changes (RII = 0.853) by owner or agent during construction followed by poor site management and supervision (RII = 0.835), changes in material specification and type (RII = 0.803), rework (RII = 0.719) and lack of coordination between parties (RII = 0.680). Survey findings also show that a majority (75%) of stakeholders within the Malaysian construction industry is unfamiliar with the concept of CE while 90% of the respondents claim that they are not ready to implement such practices within the next 5 years. It is anticipated that the findings from this paper will be of interest to construction practitioners.
{"title":"Are we ready for circular economy? Towards zero waste in construction","authors":"R. Siew","doi":"10.1051/SBUILD/2019002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SBUILD/2019002","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the concept of circular economy (CE) has emerged encouraging a rethinking of the way products are designed so that they can be “made to be made again”, turning the conveyor belt of consumerism into a circle (a closed-loop supply chain) and hence eliminate waste. The construction sector, especially, is known to be one of the main contributors of material waste-to-landfill. This paper investigates (i) the causes of construction waste and (ii) the readiness of the construction sector in Malaysia to embrace CE. Based on the relative importance index (RII), the five main causes of construction waste in Malaysia identified include frequent design changes (RII = 0.853) by owner or agent during construction followed by poor site management and supervision (RII = 0.835), changes in material specification and type (RII = 0.803), rework (RII = 0.719) and lack of coordination between parties (RII = 0.680). Survey findings also show that a majority (75%) of stakeholders within the Malaysian construction industry is unfamiliar with the concept of CE while 90% of the respondents claim that they are not ready to implement such practices within the next 5 years. It is anticipated that the findings from this paper will be of interest to construction practitioners.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wai Qian Tham, Subhash Chandra, Brian Norton, S. McCormack
As the world strives towards a low-carbon future, nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) have been the goal to reduce carbon emissions. Artificial lighting is estimated to consume as high as 40% of the total energy consumption in a commercial building. By utilising daylighting, which is the practice of allowing natural light into a building, energy consumption by artificial lighting can be reduced. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can act as a collector and waveguide to transport outdoor light into the building through total internal reflection. Besides, LSCs absorb a part of the solar spectrum and shift them to different wavelengths through up-conversion or down-conversion. Thus, the output spectrum can be manipulated for the desired indoor applications. Circadian rhythm is the periodic variations in behaviour that follows a 24-hour cycle, which is mainly regulated by light response. A regulated circadian rhythm is important for a healthy life, whereas a disturbed circadian rhythm can lead to health issues such as insomnia and mood disorders. There has been a consensus that our circadian rhythm strongly responds to shorter wavelength light, corroborated in studies. Thus, manipulating the output light of LSCs to contain larger proportions of light with shorter wavelengths could enhance circadian regulation. LSC devices have the potential to transport sufficient daylight up to 5m deep into the building, achieving areas beyond the reach of windows. Thus, LSCs can serve as a tool for daylighting purposes, regulating circadian rhythm and providing sufficient light for comfortable indoor visibility.
{"title":"Introducing luminescent solar waveguides for sustainable buildings for enhanced circadian rhythm regulation","authors":"Wai Qian Tham, Subhash Chandra, Brian Norton, S. McCormack","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023007","url":null,"abstract":"As the world strives towards a low-carbon future, nearly-zero energy buildings (NZEB) have been the goal to reduce carbon emissions. Artificial lighting is estimated to consume as high as 40% of the total energy consumption in a commercial building. By utilising daylighting, which is the practice of allowing natural light into a building, energy consumption by artificial lighting can be reduced. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can act as a collector and waveguide to transport outdoor light into the building through total internal reflection. Besides, LSCs absorb a part of the solar spectrum and shift them to different wavelengths through up-conversion or down-conversion. Thus, the output spectrum can be manipulated for the desired indoor applications. Circadian rhythm is the periodic variations in behaviour that follows a 24-hour cycle, which is mainly regulated by light response. A regulated circadian rhythm is important for a healthy life, whereas a disturbed circadian rhythm can lead to health issues such as insomnia and mood disorders. There has been a consensus that our circadian rhythm strongly responds to shorter wavelength light, corroborated in studies. Thus, manipulating the output light of LSCs to contain larger proportions of light with shorter wavelengths could enhance circadian regulation. LSC devices have the potential to transport sufficient daylight up to 5m deep into the building, achieving areas beyond the reach of windows. Thus, LSCs can serve as a tool for daylighting purposes, regulating circadian rhythm and providing sufficient light for comfortable indoor visibility.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"430 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123440849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organization of Expo 2015 in the city of Milan has prompted massive organizational efforts to set up a new fair district in one of the largest Italian cities. The urban layout of the metropolitan city has been redesigned in order to accommodate all participating nations event. Expo 2015 established through guidelines the necessity to adopt sustainable solutions for the temporary buildings of the exhibition. The article aims to see how the concepts of sustainability and recyclability have been interpreted in the language of 40 designers from different countries. Through data provided by information papers of the exhibition, a valuation of materials used in buildings was made. This research led to an analysis of different building typology involved and the materials most used to reach the goals of guidelines drawn up by Expo 2015. The perception of an event characterized by green constructions was achieved, but not every construction was aimed to be a nearly zero emission building.
{"title":"The pavilions of Expo 2015 in Milan, as a privileged observatory about the concept of sustainable construction in all languages of the world","authors":"Alberto La Tegola, Fabio Longo, A. Lanzilotti","doi":"10.1051/SBUILD/2019001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SBUILD/2019001","url":null,"abstract":"The organization of Expo 2015 in the city of Milan has prompted massive organizational efforts to set up a new fair district in one of the largest Italian cities. The urban layout of the metropolitan city has been redesigned in order to accommodate all participating nations event. Expo 2015 established through guidelines the necessity to adopt sustainable solutions for the temporary buildings of the exhibition. The article aims to see how the concepts of sustainability and recyclability have been interpreted in the language of 40 designers from different countries. Through data provided by information papers of the exhibition, a valuation of materials used in buildings was made. This research led to an analysis of different building typology involved and the materials most used to reach the goals of guidelines drawn up by Expo 2015. The perception of an event characterized by green constructions was achieved, but not every construction was aimed to be a nearly zero emission building.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127276546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How the human centred design solutions will implement the benefit of daylighting in an existing primary school? This paper shows research experiences on students visual comfort inside the school building Don Milani, in Prato (Italy). The layout of training spaces, distribution and functional organization is also re-designed as flexible/resilient space/place, with a focus on the control of natural light effects for the luminous environment quality, vision and perception, but also an energy consumption reduction. The project is based on a human centred design approach, fostering the integration between sustainable lighting, human perception and biological clock (i.e. circadian rhythm) connected to the Sun daily path. Results showed the importance of natural light optimization to assure different children activities and behaviour, reorganization of the indoor environment and work/observation stations, combining the light colour variability of different materials. Findings highlighted that natural light quality assessment is fundamental to achieve not only a good lighting quality and energy consumption reduction, but also high level of visual comfort in learning spaces, implementing both the students wellbeing and their proactive behaviour, as it should be in a sustainable school building.
{"title":"Natural light optimization in an existing primary school: human centred design and daylight retrofitting solutions for students wellbeing","authors":"C. Balocco, Irene Ancillotti, A. Trombadore","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023002","url":null,"abstract":"How the human centred design solutions will implement the benefit of daylighting in an existing primary school? This paper shows research experiences on students visual comfort inside the school building Don Milani, in Prato (Italy). The layout of training spaces, distribution and functional organization is also re-designed as flexible/resilient space/place, with a focus on the control of natural light effects for the luminous environment quality, vision and perception, but also an energy consumption reduction. The project is based on a human centred design approach, fostering the integration between sustainable lighting, human perception and biological clock (i.e. circadian rhythm) connected to the Sun daily path. Results showed the importance of natural light optimization to assure different children activities and behaviour, reorganization of the indoor environment and work/observation stations, combining the light colour variability of different materials. Findings highlighted that natural light quality assessment is fundamental to achieve not only a good lighting quality and energy consumption reduction, but also high level of visual comfort in learning spaces, implementing both the students wellbeing and their proactive behaviour, as it should be in a sustainable school building.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125607243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Weiss, C. Moser, D. Venus, B. Berggren, Ase Togerro
Possible cost saving potentials in planning and construction of high performing nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) with advanced energy standards are often not sufficiently assessed, as only a few, out of numerous possible variants of technology sets are considered in the traditional planning process. Often planning and analysis are not carried out in parallel, and the alternative technical options are discarded at an early stage. If, on the other hand, possible variants are realistically compared in the planning phase, a profound decision can be made. nZEB-design is also a multi-objective optimization problem where stakeholder interests' conflict with each other. This research addresses a methodological approach to better understand the effects that technical variables have on energy, environmental and economic performance over the whole life cycle of a multi-family residential building in Sweden. The research goal is to identify the most significant technical nZEB design variables organized into a consistent framework. In this paper, in a first step an exhaustive search method is assessed for a multi-family residential building in Sweden that systematically investigates all possible variant combinations. In a second step the derived results are applied to multiple objectives and optimisation goals for a multi-target decision-making framework so that different actors can decide between optimal solutions for different objectives. This approach seeks to explore a set of optimal solutions rather than to find a single optimal solution. On the one hand, a variety of technologies, such as insulation of the building envelope, ventilation or electricity and heat supply, and on the other hand a variation of the boundary conditions (such as observation period, user behaviour, energy price increases or CO2 costs) was investigated. The results were analysed energetically and economically over the life cycle of the building with the objectives of identifying coherences, deriving trends and optimizations over a time span of 40 years. The results show that the variance in the financing costs (20%) and the net present value (15%) is relatively low, whereas the primary energy demand (66%) and the CO2 (73%) emission vary in a broader range. The optimum cost curve in relation to CO2 emissions is very flat. Low emissions and energy requirements can, therefore, be achieved with different energy concepts as long as the envelope is very efficient. Due to the nature of an exhaustive search approach, it is also possible to find technical solution sets and design strategies with nearly equal financing cost and/or net present values, but with less primary energy consumption and/or CO2 emissions.
{"title":"Parametric multi-objective energy and cost analysis in the life cycle of nearly zero energy buildings − an exhaustive search approach","authors":"T. Weiss, C. Moser, D. Venus, B. Berggren, Ase Togerro","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2019006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2019006","url":null,"abstract":"Possible cost saving potentials in planning and construction of high performing nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) with advanced energy standards are often not sufficiently assessed, as only a few, out of numerous possible variants of technology sets are considered in the traditional planning process. Often planning and analysis are not carried out in parallel, and the alternative technical options are discarded at an early stage. If, on the other hand, possible variants are realistically compared in the planning phase, a profound decision can be made. nZEB-design is also a multi-objective optimization problem where stakeholder interests' conflict with each other. This research addresses a methodological approach to better understand the effects that technical variables have on energy, environmental and economic performance over the whole life cycle of a multi-family residential building in Sweden. The research goal is to identify the most significant technical nZEB design variables organized into a consistent framework. In this paper, in a first step an exhaustive search method is assessed for a multi-family residential building in Sweden that systematically investigates all possible variant combinations. In a second step the derived results are applied to multiple objectives and optimisation goals for a multi-target decision-making framework so that different actors can decide between optimal solutions for different objectives. This approach seeks to explore a set of optimal solutions rather than to find a single optimal solution. On the one hand, a variety of technologies, such as insulation of the building envelope, ventilation or electricity and heat supply, and on the other hand a variation of the boundary conditions (such as observation period, user behaviour, energy price increases or CO2 costs) was investigated. The results were analysed energetically and economically over the life cycle of the building with the objectives of identifying coherences, deriving trends and optimizations over a time span of 40 years. The results show that the variance in the financing costs (20%) and the net present value (15%) is relatively low, whereas the primary energy demand (66%) and the CO2 (73%) emission vary in a broader range. The optimum cost curve in relation to CO2 emissions is very flat. Low emissions and energy requirements can, therefore, be achieved with different energy concepts as long as the envelope is very efficient. Due to the nature of an exhaustive search approach, it is also possible to find technical solution sets and design strategies with nearly equal financing cost and/or net present values, but with less primary energy consumption and/or CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124264059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can the energy supply of a community be transformed to become fossil-free and thus become more sustainable while remaining affordable? “Sarnetz”, an online computer game implemented by a multi-disciplinary research team from the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, is providing possible answers for a specific case in the Swiss Alps. Unique measures for their implementation are discussed, in terms of relative impact on the CO2-balance, sourcing of local energy and investments. Further consideration includes the attractiveness for inhabitants and tourists as well as the business case for a “small to medium size enterprise (SME)”. The simulation is set-up as a game for teaching inhabitants and students. Participants compete as a team, taking on different roles, implementing measures to satisfy the objectives of a sustainable solution. The feedback and assessments from Swiss, Japanese, and Middle East students indicate that this approach could be successfully applied to other parts of the world. Suggestions are given, as to the transferability of the simulation, requiring different measures to achieve a fossil free community.
{"title":"Fossil-free village simulation game","authors":"Uwe W. Schulz, Daniel J. Johnson","doi":"10.1051/sbuild/2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2023004","url":null,"abstract":"How can the energy supply of a community be transformed to become fossil-free and thus become more sustainable while remaining affordable? “Sarnetz”, an online computer game implemented by a multi-disciplinary research team from the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, is providing possible answers for a specific case in the Swiss Alps. Unique measures for their implementation are discussed, in terms of relative impact on the CO2-balance, sourcing of local energy and investments. Further consideration includes the attractiveness for inhabitants and tourists as well as the business case for a “small to medium size enterprise (SME)”. The simulation is set-up as a game for teaching inhabitants and students. Participants compete as a team, taking on different roles, implementing measures to satisfy the objectives of a sustainable solution. The feedback and assessments from Swiss, Japanese, and Middle East students indicate that this approach could be successfully applied to other parts of the world. Suggestions are given, as to the transferability of the simulation, requiring different measures to achieve a fossil free community.","PeriodicalId":356081,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Buildings","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132494161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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