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Simulation Study of the Control Strategy of a DC Inverter Heat Pump Using a DC Distribution Network 基于直流配电网的直流变频热泵控制策略仿真研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.027094
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generator via Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization in Active Distribution Network Considering Multi-Resource 考虑多资源的有源配电网中分布式发电机组的改进多目标粒子群优化
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.029007
Guobin He, Rui Su, Jinxing Yang, Yuanping Huang, Huanlin Chen, Donghui Zhang, Cangtao Yang, Wenwen Li
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引用次数: 0
Research on Operation Optimization of Heating System Based on Electric Storage Coupled Solar Energy and Air Source Heat Pump 蓄电太阳能-空气源热泵耦合供热系统运行优化研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.029749
Jingxiao Han, C. Zhang, Lu Wang, Zengjun Chang, Qing Zhao, Ying‐ying Shi, Jiarui Wu, Xiang-fei Kong
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Follow-Up Control Strategy of Biaxial Fatigue Test of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Electromagnetic Excitation 基于电磁激励的风电叶片双轴疲劳试验跟踪控制策略研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.030029
Wenzhe Guo, Leian Zhang, Chao Lv, Weisheng Liu, Jiabin Tian
Aiming at the drift problem that the tracking control of the actual load relative to the target load during the electromagnetic excitation biaxial fatigue test of wind turbine blades is easy to drift, a biaxial fatigue testing machine for electromagnetic excitation is designed, and the following strategy of the actual load and the target load is studied. A Fast Transversal Recursive Least Squares algorithm based on fuzzy logic (Fuzzy FTRLS) is proposed to develop a fatigue loading following dynamic strategy, which adjusts the forgetting factor in the algorithm through fuzzy logic to overcome the contradiction between convergence accuracy and convergence speed and solve the phenomenon of amplitude overshoot and phase lag of the actual load relative to the target load. Combined with the previous research results, a simulation model was constructed to verify the strategy’s effectiveness. Field tests were carried out to verify its follow-up effect. The results show that the tracking error of flapwise and edgewise direction is within 4%, which has better robustness and dynamic and static performance than the traditional Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm.
针对风电叶片电磁激励双轴疲劳试验中实际载荷相对于目标载荷的跟踪控制容易漂移的问题,设计了一种电磁激励双轴疲劳试验机,研究了实际载荷与目标载荷的跟随策略。提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的快速横向递推最小二乘算法(fuzzy FTRLS),提出了一种疲劳载荷跟随动态策略,通过模糊逻辑调整算法中的遗忘因子,克服了收敛精度与收敛速度之间的矛盾,解决了实际载荷相对于目标载荷的幅值超调和相位滞后现象。结合前人的研究成果,构建仿真模型验证该策略的有效性。为验证后续效果,进行了现场试验。结果表明,该方法对扑翼方向和边缘方向的跟踪误差控制在4%以内,比传统的递推最小二乘(RLS)算法具有更好的鲁棒性和动静态性能。
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引用次数: 0
Electricity-Carbon Interactive Optimal Dispatch of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Integrated Demand Response 考虑综合需求响应的多虚拟电厂电碳交互优化调度
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.028500
Shiwei Su, Guangyong Hu, Xianghua Li, Xin Li, Wei Xiong
As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop, virtual power plant cluster (VPPC) provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems. To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant, a multi-virtual power plant (VPP) electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response (IDR) is proposed. Firstly, a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established. The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity, reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation. Secondly, in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation, the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction (UCS) of electricity, heat as well as hydrogen is designed, which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range. Finally, the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using the CPLEX solver. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP, increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.
随着新型电力系统和双碳政策的发展,虚拟电厂集群(VPPC)为促进能源高效利用和解决环境污染问题提供了另一种可靠途径。为解决多虚拟电厂协调优化运行和低碳经济运行问题,提出了考虑综合需求响应(IDR)的多虚拟电厂(VPP)电碳交互优化调度模型。首先,建立了多vpp电碳交互作用框架。电能与碳配额的互动可以实现能源互补,减少能源浪费,促进低碳运行。其次,为了协调VPPC中多种能源和负荷,进一步实现低碳运行,设计了基于电、热、氢用户综合满意度(UCS)的IDR机制,可以有效地将集群内的UCS维持在一个较高的范围内。最后,制定了以VPPC总成本最小为目标的机组输出方案,并利用CPLEX求解器对模型进行了求解。仿真结果表明,该方法有效地促进了多个vpp之间的协调运行,提高了可再生能源的消耗率和vpp的经济性,减少了碳排放。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of I-EGR and Pre-Injection on Performance of Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) at Low-Load Condition 低负荷工况下I-EGR和预喷对汽油压缩点火性能的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.028898
Binbin Yang, Leilei Liu, Yan Zhang, Jingyu Gong, Fan Zhang, Tiezhu Zhang
Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has been considered as a promising combustion concept to yield ultra-low NOX and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. However, how to improve the low-load performance becomes an urgent issue to be solved. In this paper, a GCI engine model was built to investigate the effects of internal EGR (i-EGR) and pre-injection on in-cylinder temperature, spatial concentration of mixture and OH radical, combustion and emission characteristics, and the control strategy for improving the combustion performance was further explored. The results showed an obvious expansion of the zone with an equivalence ratio between 0.8~1.2 is realized by higher pre-injection ratios, and the s decreases with the increase of pre-injection ratio, but increases with the increase of i-EGR ratio. The high overlap among the equivalent mixture zone, the high-temperature zone, and the OH radical-rich zone can be achieved by higher i-EGR ratio coupled with higher pre-injection ratio. By increasing the pre-injection ratio, the combustion efficiency increases first and then decreases, also achieves the peak value with a pre-injection ratio of 60% and is unaffected by i-EGR. The emissions of CO, HC, NOX, and soot can also be reduced to low levels by the combination of higher i-EGR ratios and a pre-injection ratio of 60%.
汽油压缩点火(GCI)是一种极具发展前景的燃烧技术,可以在保持高热效率的同时产生超低的氮氧化物和烟尘排放。然而,如何提高低负荷性能成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文通过建立GCI发动机模型,研究了内EGR (i-EGR)和预喷对缸内温度、混合气和OH自由基空间浓度、燃烧和排放特性的影响,并进一步探索了改善燃烧性能的控制策略。结果表明:高预喷比可使等效比在0.8~1.2之间的区域明显扩大,且s随预喷比的增大而减小,但随i-EGR比的增大而增大;较高的i-EGR比和较高的预喷射比可以实现等量混合区、高温区和富OH自由基区之间的高重叠。增加预喷比后,燃烧效率先升高后降低,在预喷比为60%时达到峰值,且不受i-EGR的影响。通过提高i-EGR比率和60%的预喷射比,CO、HC、NOX和烟尘的排放也可以降低到较低的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Chiller Loading Problem Using Improved Golden Jackal Optimization Algorithm Leads to Reduction in Energy Consumption 利用改进的金豺优化算法优化制冷机负荷问题,降低能耗
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.029862
Na Dong, Xiao Yang, Nasser Yousefi
This paper proposes a modified golden jackal optimization (IGJO) algorithm to solve the OCL (which stands for optimal cooling load) problem to minimize energy consumption. In this algorithm, many tools have been developed, such as numerical visualization, local field method, competitive selection method, and iterative strategy. The IGJO algorithm is used to improve the research capabilities of the algorithm in terms of global tuning and rotation speed. In order to fully utilize the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, three famous examples of OCL problems in basic ventilation systems were studied and compared with some previously published works. The results show that the IGJO algorithm can find solutions equal to or better than other methods. Underpinning these studies is the need to reduce energy consumption in air conditioning systems, which is a critical business and environmental decision. The Optimal Chiller Load (OCL) problem is well-known in the industry. It is the best method of operation for the refrigeration plant to satisfy the requirement of cooling. In order to solve the OCL problem, an improved Golden Jackal optimization algorithm (IGJO) was proposed. The IGJO algorithm consists of a number of parts to improve the global optimization and rotation speed. These studies are intended to address more effectively the issue of OCL, which results in energy savings in air-conditioning systems. The performance of the proposed IGJO algorithm is evaluated, and the results are compared with the results of three known OCL problems in the ventilation system. The results indicate that the IGJO method has the same or better optimization ability as other methods and can improve the energy efficiency of the system’s cold air.
本文提出了一种改进的金豺优化算法(IGJO)来解决OCL(代表最优冷负荷)问题,以最小化能耗。在该算法中,开发了许多工具,如数值可视化、局部场法、竞争选择法和迭代策略。采用IGJO算法从全局调谐和旋转速度两方面提高了算法的研究能力。为了充分利用所提算法的有效性,对三个著名的基础通风系统OCL问题进行了研究,并与已有的一些研究成果进行了比较。结果表明,IGJO算法可以找到等于或优于其他方法的解。这些研究的基础是需要减少空调系统的能源消耗,这是一个关键的商业和环境决策。最优制冷机负荷(OCL)问题是业界公认的问题。满足制冷要求是制冷装置的最佳运行方式。为了解决OCL问题,提出了一种改进的Golden Jackal优化算法(IGJO)。IGJO算法由多个部分组成,提高了全局优化和旋转速度。这些研究的目的是更有效地解决OCL问题,从而节省空调系统的能源。对所提出的IGJO算法的性能进行了评价,并与通风系统中已知的三个OCL问题的结果进行了比较。结果表明,IGJO方法具有与其他方法相同或更好的优化能力,可以提高系统冷空气的能源效率。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Electromagnetic Loss Characteristics of Submarine Cables 海底电缆电磁损耗特性研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.027791
Liuhuo Wang, Qingcui Liu, Wenwei Zhu, Yanru Wang, Yi Tian, Long Zhao
The electromagnetic losses of submarine cables are mainly caused by the metal shielding layer to prevent the water tree effect and the armor layer that strengthens the strength of the submarine cables. While these losses cause the temperature of submarine cable to rise, and temperature variation will in turn change the conductivity of its metal layer material. In this paper, the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physical field coupling of the electromagnetic loss variation of the submarine cable is realized by establishing a full coupling system containing Fourier’s law and Maxwell-Ampère’s Law for the photoelectric composite submarine cable. The multi-physical field coupling model is solved and analyzed by using the finite element method. Firstly, the loss of each layer of the optoelectronic composite submarine cable is analyzed, and the loss of each layer of the submarine cable and the main factors leading to the loss of the submarine cable are given. Secondly, the influence of environmental temperature, ampacity and armor layer on the electromagnetic loss of submarine cables is studied, and the main operating factors affecting the electromagnetic loss of submarine cables are summarized. The research shows that the influence of ambient temperature can be ignored, and the loss of shielding layer and armor layer increases with the increase of ampacity, but the impact of shielding layer loss is greater. Finally, this paper studies the electromagnetic loss of each metal layer of the submarine cable and the influence of the laying spacing on the electromagnetic loss. The research results show that the two ways of improving the conductivity of the armor layer and reducing the relative permeability of the armor layer can effectively reduce the loss of each metal layer in the cable structure and increase the current carrying capacity when the tensile strength of the armor layer meets the requirements for single-core and three-core photoelectric composite submarine cables laid horizontally. At the same time, increasing the laying spacing will increase the loss, but it can improve the overall current carrying capacity of the cable. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the design of submarine cable carrying capacity, and also provides a reference for the optimization design of submarine cable structures.
海底电缆的电磁损耗主要由防止水树效应的金属屏蔽层和加强海底电缆强度的铠装层造成。而这些损耗会导致海底电缆的温度升高,而温度的变化又会反过来改变其金属层材料的导电性。本文通过建立光电复合海缆的傅里叶定律和麦克斯韦-安培定律全耦合系统,实现了海缆电磁损耗变化的电-磁-热多物理场耦合。采用有限元法对多物理场耦合模型进行了求解和分析。首先,对光电复合海缆的各层损耗进行了分析,给出了海缆各层损耗及导致海缆损耗的主要因素。其次,研究了环境温度、电容和铠装层对海底电缆电磁损耗的影响,总结了影响海底电缆电磁损耗的主要操作因素。研究表明,环境温度的影响可以忽略不计,屏蔽层和铠装层的损耗随电容容的增大而增大,但屏蔽层损耗的影响更大。最后,研究了海底电缆各金属层的电磁损耗以及敷设间距对电磁损耗的影响。研究结果表明,当铠装层抗拉强度满足单芯和三芯光电复合海底电缆水平敷设要求时,提高铠装层导电性和降低铠装层相对渗透率两种方式可有效降低电缆结构中各金属层的损耗,提高载流能力。同时,增大敷设间距会增加损耗,但可以提高电缆的整体载流能力。本文的研究为海底电缆承载力的设计提供了理论依据,也为海底电缆结构的优化设计提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Title Supersonic Condensation and Separation Characteristics of CO2-Rich Natural Gas under Different Pressures 题目:不同压力下富co2天然气的超声速冷凝分离特性
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.022765
Yong Zheng, Lei Zhao, Yujiang Wang, Fengteng Chang, Weijia Dong, Xinying Liu, Yunfei Li, Xiaohan Zhang, Ziyuan Zhao
Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO 2 (carbon dioxide) content. The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed, and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO 2 -CH 4 mixture gas were established. The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO 2 in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied. The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction; additionally, the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced, and the separation efficiency and removal efficiency of CO 2 are higher. When the inlet pressure is 6 and 9 MPa, the liquefaction efficiency at the Laval nozzle outlet increases from 56.90% to 79.97%, and the outlet droplet radius increases from 0.39 to 0.72 μm, and the removal efficiency is 31.25% and 54.52%, respectively. The effects of inlet pressures on the removal efficiency of the supersonic separator are complicated and are controlled by the combined effects of liquefaction capacity of the nozzle and centrifugal separation capacity of the swirl vane.
超音速分离技术是处理高co2(二氧化碳)含量天然气的一种新的天然气脱硫方法。设计了拉瓦尔喷嘴和超声速分离器的结构,建立了co2 - ch4混合气体超声速冷凝和旋流分离的数学模型。研究了不同进口压力下天然气中co2的超声速冷凝特性及冷凝液滴的分离特性。结果表明:进口压力越高,液滴半径越大,液相质量分数越高;离心力的影响更明显,对co2的分离效率和去除率更高。当进口压力为6和9 MPa时,Laval喷嘴出口液化效率从56.90%提高到79.97%,出口液滴半径从0.39 μm增加到0.72 μm,去除效率分别为31.25%和54.52%。进口压力对超声速分离器去除效率的影响是复杂的,受喷嘴液化能力和旋流叶片离心分离能力的综合作用控制。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic Extraction Method of Weld Weak Defect Features for Ultra-High Voltage Equipment 超高压设备焊接弱缺陷特征的自动提取方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.32604/ee.2023.024372
G. Zheng, Chaolin Luo, Mengen Shen, Wanzhong Lv, Wenbo Jiang, Weibo Yang
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引用次数: 0
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Energy Engineering: Journal of the Association of Energy Engineers
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