The temporary site offices are directly provided by the contractor, and hence, any associated risk is non-transferable. Thus, the contractors should be aware of sustainable, and cost-effective technologies to be implemented to survive in the competitive construction industry. Relocatable Modular Building (RMB) technology is employed globally as a multi-beneficial building technology for temporary shelter purposes such as site offices. Hence, the research aimed to explore the applicability of RMB technology for temporary offices on construction sites in Sri Lanka. The literature synthesis reviewed the modular building concept and RMB technology globally. Following the qualitative approach, the research adopted a survey strategy. Data was collected through seven semi-structured interviews with industry professionals who were purposively selected under several criteria. Further, data collection was limited to container-based RMBs due to the limited availability of RMB varieties in Sri Lanka. Template analysis was the data analysis technique followed. The findings disclosed that RMBs have already been established in the Sri Lankan construction industry. ‘Relocatability’, reusability, high security, larger usable space within limited land space, ability to rent out, and air-conditioned working environment were found as key benefits of RMBs whereas the unbreathable smell of glue in newly fabricated RMB, handling difficulties, the possibility of overturning, initial cost and external body corrosion were identified as key challenges. Significantly, the contractors are recommended to use RMBs for temporary site offices following proposed strategies such as periodic maintenance procedures, systematic site administration, and safety improvements to overcome identified challenges.
{"title":"Container-based relocatable modular buildings for construction site offices in Sri Lanka: Contractors’ perspective","authors":"K. Y. Sandamini, K. Waidyasekara","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"The temporary site offices are directly provided by the contractor, and hence, any associated risk is non-transferable. Thus, the contractors should be aware of sustainable, and cost-effective technologies to be implemented to survive in the competitive construction industry. Relocatable Modular Building (RMB) technology is employed globally as a multi-beneficial building technology for temporary shelter purposes such as site offices. Hence, the research aimed to explore the applicability of RMB technology for temporary offices on construction sites in Sri Lanka. The literature synthesis reviewed the modular building concept and RMB technology globally. Following the qualitative approach, the research adopted a survey strategy. Data was collected through seven semi-structured interviews with industry professionals who were purposively selected under several criteria. Further, data collection was limited to container-based RMBs due to the limited availability of RMB varieties in Sri Lanka. Template analysis was the data analysis technique followed. The findings disclosed that RMBs have already been established in the Sri Lankan construction industry. ‘Relocatability’, reusability, high security, larger usable space within limited land space, ability to rent out, and air-conditioned working environment were found as key benefits of RMBs whereas the unbreathable smell of glue in newly fabricated RMB, handling difficulties, the possibility of overturning, initial cost and external body corrosion were identified as key challenges. Significantly, the contractors are recommended to use RMBs for temporary site offices following proposed strategies such as periodic maintenance procedures, systematic site administration, and safety improvements to overcome identified challenges.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124394943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour subcontracting has become popular and has been extensively utilized in the building construction industry due to the potential for a reduction in initial cost for site mobilization. However, there are high risks involved in labour subcontracting due to inadequate and ambiguous subcontract agreements, which lead to disputes between parties. Thus, this paper aims to identify the deficiencies in large-scale contractors’ bespoke labour subcontract agreements in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with main contractors (CS1 and CS2 as per the CIDA registrations) to identify the current practice of labour subcontracting and the terms/clauses included in their company-based labour subcontract agreement. The collected data was then subjected to a content analysis, and accordingly, deficiencies in the agreements were identified that fall into areas such as defects in the works, materials, tools and equipment, contract termination, discipline at the site, services provided by the main contractor, penalties, dispute management, health and safety, retention clause, quality of the works, rate of progress, laws and regulations, variations, insurance, and skill of the labour subcontractors.
{"title":"Deficiencies in bespoke labour subcontract agreements: The case of large-scale contractors in the Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"A.M.N.N. Arampath, R. Palliyaguru, G. Karunasena","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"Labour subcontracting has become popular and has been extensively utilized in the building construction industry due to the potential for a reduction in initial cost for site mobilization. However, there are high risks involved in labour subcontracting due to inadequate and ambiguous subcontract agreements, which lead to disputes between parties. Thus, this paper aims to identify the deficiencies in large-scale contractors’ bespoke labour subcontract agreements in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with main contractors (CS1 and CS2 as per the CIDA registrations) to identify the current practice of labour subcontracting and the terms/clauses included in their company-based labour subcontract agreement. The collected data was then subjected to a content analysis, and accordingly, deficiencies in the agreements were identified that fall into areas such as defects in the works, materials, tools and equipment, contract termination, discipline at the site, services provided by the main contractor, penalties, dispute management, health and safety, retention clause, quality of the works, rate of progress, laws and regulations, variations, insurance, and skill of the labour subcontractors.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115645127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Cost overrun” is considered as an unavoidable phenomenon in the construction industry. Despite the professional effort and adaptation of advanced technologies, still the construction industry experiences cost overruns. Especially, among many stakeholders, contracting organizations are one of the key stakeholders that would be highly affected by the construction cost overrun. Poor coordination between the pre & post-contract stages in the contracting organizations has been a critical issue over many decades which leads to cost overruns. Professionals involved in the pre-contract stage have not possessed the knowledge regarding the significance of the cost overrun factors that may appear in the post-contract stage and vice versa. Therefore, this research aims to comparatively analyze the significance of cost overrun factors in the pre & postcontract stages in Sri Lankan construction projects from the perspective of industry professionals. A total of 5 semi-structured interviews were conducted among professionals who have experience in cost estimation and post-contract cost management in contracting organization to categorize the selected cost overrun factors into pre-contract and/or post-contract stages. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the significance of those categorized cost overrun factors. A total of 80 responses were collected from the questionnaire survey and the data were analyzed using statistical analysis. Then the quantitative data was analyzed using the Mann- Whitney U-Test. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the perspective of professionals involved in the pre & post-contract stage.
{"title":"Cost overrun factors in pre-contract and post-contract stages: A critical analysis","authors":"C. Ariyawansha, M. Francis","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"“Cost overrun” is considered as an unavoidable phenomenon in the construction industry. Despite the professional effort and adaptation of advanced technologies, still the construction industry experiences cost overruns. Especially, among many stakeholders, contracting organizations are one of the key stakeholders that would be highly affected by the construction cost overrun. Poor coordination between the pre & post-contract stages in the contracting organizations has been a critical issue over many decades which leads to cost overruns. Professionals involved in the pre-contract stage have not possessed the knowledge regarding the significance of the cost overrun factors that may appear in the post-contract stage and vice versa. Therefore, this research aims to comparatively analyze the significance of cost overrun factors in the pre & postcontract stages in Sri Lankan construction projects from the perspective of industry professionals. A total of 5 semi-structured interviews were conducted among professionals who have experience in cost estimation and post-contract cost management in contracting organization to categorize the selected cost overrun factors into pre-contract and/or post-contract stages. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the significance of those categorized cost overrun factors. A total of 80 responses were collected from the questionnaire survey and the data were analyzed using statistical analysis. Then the quantitative data was analyzed using the Mann- Whitney U-Test. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the perspective of professionals involved in the pre & post-contract stage.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry relies on the collaboration of stakeholders for a successful outcome, as most the stakeholders are from multidisciplinary organisation to achieve a particular goal. In addition, information in the construction industry must be more accurate and on time to increase the project performance. Even though cloud-based collaboration can be a useful tool for working with the stakeholder, is not being used widely yet. Therefore, it is required to analyse the feasibility of collaborative stakeholders’ participation on cloud-based Building Information Modelling. Hence, this paper outlines: the level of stakeholder collaborative involvement in cloud-based Building Information Modelling; the benefits of stakeholder collaborative involvement through cloud-based Building Information Modelling; limitation for the cloud-based Building Information Modelling; as well as strategies to overcome these limitations. Findings of the study indicated that even though, the benefits derived from the stakeholder collaboration are high, the collaborative involvement level in cloud-based Building Information Modelling is very low due to several limitations. therefore, this study propose some strategies to overcome the limitations such as: the government can provide training and awareness programmes; formulate regulations allowing for electronic-data processing to lower tax; develop Building Information Modelling execution plans with assistance from the Construction Industry Development Authority; and improve Building Information Modelling Execution plans with the technology.
{"title":"Enhance the collaborative involvement of stakeholders through cloud-based BIM in the Sri Lankan construction industry","authors":"R. Mohanaraj, P. Ganeshu, M. Gowsiga","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.36","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry relies on the collaboration of stakeholders for a successful outcome, as most the stakeholders are from multidisciplinary organisation to achieve a particular goal. In addition, information in the construction industry must be more accurate and on time to increase the project performance. Even though cloud-based collaboration can be a useful tool for working with the stakeholder, is not being used widely yet. Therefore, it is required to analyse the feasibility of collaborative stakeholders’ participation on cloud-based Building Information Modelling. Hence, this paper outlines: the level of stakeholder collaborative involvement in cloud-based Building Information Modelling; the benefits of stakeholder collaborative involvement through cloud-based Building Information Modelling; limitation for the cloud-based Building Information Modelling; as well as strategies to overcome these limitations. Findings of the study indicated that even though, the benefits derived from the stakeholder collaboration are high, the collaborative involvement level in cloud-based Building Information Modelling is very low due to several limitations. therefore, this study propose some strategies to overcome the limitations such as: the government can provide training and awareness programmes; formulate regulations allowing for electronic-data processing to lower tax; develop Building Information Modelling execution plans with assistance from the Construction Industry Development Authority; and improve Building Information Modelling Execution plans with the technology.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125088376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several small-scale construction projects are being implemented around the country being a part of development process in Sri Lanka. Most of the Quantity Surveying related areas has become major problem making subjects in those projects and there is lack of involvement of the Quantity Surveyors in those projects when comparing with other professionals in the industry. This research was conducted to highlight the importance of involvement of Quantity Surveyors for success of such projects in Sri Lankan construction industry. Mixed-method approach was used in this research. Most important Quantity Surveying roles that directly impact for the success of small-scale construction projects were determined and categorized under the different stages of construction projects by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey as primary data collection methods. These data were analyzed by using Correlation analysis and Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis as statistical analysis methods. Identified Quantity Surveying roles were ranked based on the impact on the success of those small-scale projects using RII values. Further Correlation analysis was performed to show the relationship between Quantity Surveyor’s involvement and success of smallscale construction projects. Barriers for satisfactory involvement of Quantity Surveyors in small-scale construction projects and strategies to increase the involvement of Quantity Surveyors were identified by analyzing data from semi-structured interviews using manual content analysis. Among those barriers most of the interviewees stated that obtaining the service from non-professionals at lower cost was the major barrier and introducing service packages to the client in early stages of project was considered as the main strategy to increase the Quantity Surveyor’s involvement to small-scale construction projects. However, the research was concluded that the involvement of client and contractor Quantity Surveyors to the pre-construction and post-construction phases are critical to the success of small-scale construction projects in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"The role of quantity surveyors for the success of small-scale construction projects in Sri Lanka","authors":"G.C. Rathnayake, K.M.N.S. Bandara, K. Withanage","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.74","url":null,"abstract":"Several small-scale construction projects are being implemented around the country being a part of development process in Sri Lanka. Most of the Quantity Surveying related areas has become major problem making subjects in those projects and there is lack of involvement of the Quantity Surveyors in those projects when comparing with other professionals in the industry. This research was conducted to highlight the importance of involvement of Quantity Surveyors for success of such projects in Sri Lankan construction industry. Mixed-method approach was used in this research. Most important Quantity Surveying roles that directly impact for the success of small-scale construction projects were determined and categorized under the different stages of construction projects by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey as primary data collection methods. These data were analyzed by using Correlation analysis and Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis as statistical analysis methods. Identified Quantity Surveying roles were ranked based on the impact on the success of those small-scale projects using RII values. Further Correlation analysis was performed to show the relationship between Quantity Surveyor’s involvement and success of smallscale construction projects. Barriers for satisfactory involvement of Quantity Surveyors in small-scale construction projects and strategies to increase the involvement of Quantity Surveyors were identified by analyzing data from semi-structured interviews using manual content analysis. Among those barriers most of the interviewees stated that obtaining the service from non-professionals at lower cost was the major barrier and introducing service packages to the client in early stages of project was considered as the main strategy to increase the Quantity Surveyor’s involvement to small-scale construction projects. However, the research was concluded that the involvement of client and contractor Quantity Surveyors to the pre-construction and post-construction phases are critical to the success of small-scale construction projects in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128916433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is a significant contributor to the national economy. Since construction has been facing risk management issue, bonds and guarantees have become a feasible solution, as a management too and mechanism. Professionals will have to undertake consequential responsibilities in managing bonds and guarantees. However, no significant efforts have been taken to identify how bonds and guarantees affect the construction industry of Sri Lanka. This research aims to explore the challenges and problems in bonds and guarantees, which are used in Sri Lankan construction projects, and to make recommendations to projects in the Sri Lankan context. Initially, a literature review has been carried out on different bonds and guarantees. Consequently, a mixed research approach has been used, which included expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. The collected data from expert interviews were analysed using content analysis that supported the design of the questionnaire. To achieve the study's aim, the bonds and guarantees were ranked against merits, demerits, issues, and suggestions in questionnaires using a Likert scale, considering the significance of those competencies in bonds and construction guarantees. The collected data were also analysed using the Relative Importance Index The research findings are revealed that there are several suggestions to overcome the barriers in bonds, guarantees and payment securities in Sri Lanka. Additionally, contractors' requirement to set up a special guarantee fund to protect business practices and it was identified as new suggestions that would aid the challenges and problems in line with bonds and guarantees in Sri Lankan construction projects.
{"title":"Challenges on bonds and guarantees under the payment security regime in the construction industry of Sri Lanka","authors":"P.W.V. Manohara, M. Abeynayake","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is a significant contributor to the national economy. Since construction has been facing risk management issue, bonds and guarantees have become a feasible solution, as a management too and mechanism. Professionals will have to undertake consequential responsibilities in managing bonds and guarantees. However, no significant efforts have been taken to identify how bonds and guarantees affect the construction industry of Sri Lanka. This research aims to explore the challenges and problems in bonds and guarantees, which are used in Sri Lankan construction projects, and to make recommendations to projects in the Sri Lankan context. Initially, a literature review has been carried out on different bonds and guarantees. Consequently, a mixed research approach has been used, which included expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. The collected data from expert interviews were analysed using content analysis that supported the design of the questionnaire. To achieve the study's aim, the bonds and guarantees were ranked against merits, demerits, issues, and suggestions in questionnaires using a Likert scale, considering the significance of those competencies in bonds and construction guarantees. The collected data were also analysed using the Relative Importance Index The research findings are revealed that there are several suggestions to overcome the barriers in bonds, guarantees and payment securities in Sri Lanka. Additionally, contractors' requirement to set up a special guarantee fund to protect business practices and it was identified as new suggestions that would aid the challenges and problems in line with bonds and guarantees in Sri Lankan construction projects.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125282647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc on the lives of many individuals and has had a severe impact on the global economy. During this crisis, small and medium-scale businesses suffer the most and are the least prepared among all companies as per the previous studies done in other parts of the world. The majority of the small-scale construction firms in Sri Lanka act as subcontractors and generate job opportunities for a considerable number of people and are able to create a multiplier effect on the whole economy. However, it was observed that they are more vulnerable to the adverse impact of the pandemic. Thus, the principal goal of this research is to explore possible survival strategies to overcome critical financial issues of small-scale construction companies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. A mixedmethod approach was adopted to gather the data for the study. A comprehensive literature review was carried out to identify the impact of COVID-19 on both global and local construction industries. The data for this study was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire survey with small scale construction company owners and construction industry professionals. The findings highlighted the key financial issues faced by the small-scale construction companies due to the pandemic including delays in client payments, supply chain management issues, frequent price escalation of construction materials, and inability to repay loans. The respondents suggested creating partnerships with financially strong companies, reduction of unwanted expenses, modifying supply chain channels and agreements, and ensuring business continuity plans as the strategies to be used to overcome the financial burden that occurred due to the pandemic.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on the small-scale construction companies: The case of Colombo district, Sri Lanka","authors":"C.P. Namarathna, N. Gunarathna","doi":"10.31705/WCS.2022.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.32","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc on the lives of many individuals and has had a severe impact on the global economy. During this crisis, small and medium-scale businesses suffer the most and are the least prepared among all companies as per the previous studies done in other parts of the world. The majority of the small-scale construction firms in Sri Lanka act as subcontractors and generate job opportunities for a considerable number of people and are able to create a multiplier effect on the whole economy. However, it was observed that they are more vulnerable to the adverse impact of the pandemic. Thus, the principal goal of this research is to explore possible survival strategies to overcome critical financial issues of small-scale construction companies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. A mixedmethod approach was adopted to gather the data for the study. A comprehensive literature review was carried out to identify the impact of COVID-19 on both global and local construction industries. The data for this study was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire survey with small scale construction company owners and construction industry professionals. The findings highlighted the key financial issues faced by the small-scale construction companies due to the pandemic including delays in client payments, supply chain management issues, frequent price escalation of construction materials, and inability to repay loans. The respondents suggested creating partnerships with financially strong companies, reduction of unwanted expenses, modifying supply chain channels and agreements, and ensuring business continuity plans as the strategies to be used to overcome the financial burden that occurred due to the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116297245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintenance management is an important function under Facilities Management (FM). Industries moved to preventive maintenance models to counteract the inefficiencies of reactive maintenance and further evolved into predictive maintenance (PdM) models. The demand for Industry 4.0 enabled PdM for FM has risen as a result of the industrial revolution and the dynamic nature of the FM functions. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the applicability, benefits, and challenges of applying Industry 4.0 concept for effective PdM in FM. The qualitative research approach was undertaken to accomplish the aim. A comprehensive literature review followed by 15 semi-structured interviews was carried out with experts in the maintenance sector who have Industry 4.0 knowledge. The data was collected from experts in Australia, Qatar, Dubai, Singapore, and Sri Lanka, and analysed through code-based content analysis using NVivo 12. The results demonstrate that there is a huge potential for using Industry 4.0 smart technologies such as big data analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), autonomous robots, Cloud Computing, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cybersecurity, Machine Learning (ML), Augmented Reality (AR), Data Mining (DM), system integration, and simulation for PdM under FM. Applying Industry 4.0 concept for effective PdM under FM provides significant benefits such as the deployment of a zero-failure strategy, establishment of machine-to-machine communication and interaction, detection of early anomalies and extended equipment lifetime. Lack of technological knowledge, capital, data management, employees’ interest, integration between systems, standardized procedures, and internet access are identified key challenges.
{"title":"Industry 4.0 enabled predictive maintenance of facilities: A study on applicability, benefits and challenges","authors":"T. Sivanuja, Y. Sandanayake","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.47","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance management is an important function under Facilities Management (FM). Industries moved to preventive maintenance models to counteract the inefficiencies of reactive maintenance and further evolved into predictive maintenance (PdM) models. The demand for Industry 4.0 enabled PdM for FM has risen as a result of the industrial revolution and the dynamic nature of the FM functions. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the applicability, benefits, and challenges of applying Industry 4.0 concept for effective PdM in FM. The qualitative research approach was undertaken to accomplish the aim. A comprehensive literature review followed by 15 semi-structured interviews was carried out with experts in the maintenance sector who have Industry 4.0 knowledge. The data was collected from experts in Australia, Qatar, Dubai, Singapore, and Sri Lanka, and analysed through code-based content analysis using NVivo 12. The results demonstrate that there is a huge potential for using Industry 4.0 smart technologies such as big data analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), autonomous robots, Cloud Computing, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cybersecurity, Machine Learning (ML), Augmented Reality (AR), Data Mining (DM), system integration, and simulation for PdM under FM. Applying Industry 4.0 concept for effective PdM under FM provides significant benefits such as the deployment of a zero-failure strategy, establishment of machine-to-machine communication and interaction, detection of early anomalies and extended equipment lifetime. Lack of technological knowledge, capital, data management, employees’ interest, integration between systems, standardized procedures, and internet access are identified key challenges.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all industries globally, including the construction industry. As a result, the construction industry is experiencing several challenges in terms of delivering projects on time and on budget. However, a few studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has a positive impact on the construction industry. Hence, analysing the issues caused by COVID-19 is vital to lessen the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry. Accordingly, a detailed literature review was carried out to gain a theoretical understanding of the topic. A quantitative research approach was used to collect data. The questionnaire survey was conducted using snowball sampling with a total of one 108 respondents. Statistical Package for Social Science" (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data. The findings revealed 86 negative impacts for the construction industry owing to the pandemic, which was classified as resources-related issues, project management issues, quality issues, financial issues, contractual issues, safety issues, technology-related issues, and other issues for the construction industry. An increase in the price of materials and equipment, project cost, exchange rate, and inflation rate were noted as significant negative impacts to the construction industry. The research further identified twelve (12) favourable impacts for the construction industry as a result of the pandemic. Encouraging risk assessment and collaboration and encouraging Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were highlighted as the significant positive impacts. Therefore, strategies need to be identified to neutralise the negative impacts using the positive impacts caused by the pandemic. This study contributes to the body of knowledge to advance the construction industry towards the next level during the post- COVID-19 scenario, which will be the focus of the next phase of this research.
新冠肺炎疫情已经影响到全球所有行业，包括建筑业。因此，建筑行业在按时、按预算交付项目方面面临着一些挑战。然而，一些研究表明，新冠肺炎大流行对建筑行业产生了积极影响。因此，分析COVID-19引起的问题对于减轻大流行的影响至关重要。因此，本研究旨在调查COVID-19对建筑行业的影响。因此，进行了详细的文献综述，以获得对该主题的理论认识。采用定量研究方法收集数据。问卷调查采用滚雪球抽样的方式进行，共有108名受访者。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)软件对收集的数据进行分析。调查结果显示，大流行对建筑业造成了86项负面影响，这些负面影响被分类为与资源有关的问题、项目管理问题、质量问题、财务问题、合同问题、安全问题、技术相关问题和建筑业的其他问题。材料和设备价格、项目成本、汇率和通货膨胀率的上涨对建筑业产生了重大的负面影响。该研究进一步确定了疫情对建筑业的十二(12)个有利影响。鼓励风险评估和协作以及鼓励个人防护装备(PPE)被强调为重大的积极影响。因此，需要确定战略，利用这一大流行病造成的积极影响来消除消极影响。本研究为建筑行业在后COVID-19情景下迈向下一个阶段的知识体系做出了贡献，这将是本研究下一阶段的重点。
{"title":"Construction industry on the brink: The COVID-19 impact","authors":"A. Parameswaran, K. Ranadewa","doi":"10.31705/WCS.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all industries globally, including the construction industry. As a result, the construction industry is experiencing several challenges in terms of delivering projects on time and on budget. However, a few studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has a positive impact on the construction industry. Hence, analysing the issues caused by COVID-19 is vital to lessen the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the construction industry. Accordingly, a detailed literature review was carried out to gain a theoretical understanding of the topic. A quantitative research approach was used to collect data. The questionnaire survey was conducted using snowball sampling with a total of one 108 respondents. Statistical Package for Social Science\" (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data. The findings revealed 86 negative impacts for the construction industry owing to the pandemic, which was classified as resources-related issues, project management issues, quality issues, financial issues, contractual issues, safety issues, technology-related issues, and other issues for the construction industry. An increase in the price of materials and equipment, project cost, exchange rate, and inflation rate were noted as significant negative impacts to the construction industry. The research further identified twelve (12) favourable impacts for the construction industry as a result of the pandemic. Encouraging risk assessment and collaboration and encouraging Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were highlighted as the significant positive impacts. Therefore, strategies need to be identified to neutralise the negative impacts using the positive impacts caused by the pandemic. This study contributes to the body of knowledge to advance the construction industry towards the next level during the post- COVID-19 scenario, which will be the focus of the next phase of this research.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127224525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sri Lankan apparel industry is having a high demand for exports all over the world and is a leading apparel producer in the South Asian region. It has started to fight for its survival due to the pandemic, Covid-19. It guesses a bracing for a 50% drop in demand by the following one to one and a half years from Covid-19. Thus, the industry is in a position to reinvent itself by forcing itself to live. Thus, business continuity is necessary to proceed with the business without any interruption at this time. Moreover, human resource professionals act a major role to continue the business after the new normal, as handling the main resource of the organisation which is humans. Hence, this study aims to investigate the level of impact and consequences of Covid-19 in the business continuity process of the Sri Lankan apparel industry from the human resource management perspective. Initially, the literature review delivered a theoretical understanding of the research area and three large-scale apparel organisations were selected, a case study research strategy with a quantitative approach. Collected data were analysed using the Likert scale and weighted average manual content analysis. The findings revealed that Training and development help to compensate for the labour shortage, and technology improvements have modified the recruitment pattern. The difficulty of measuring performance has a negative impact on employee engagement; however, job uncertainty and providing satisfactory opportunities for development have increased employee engagement; thus, there is a balance in employee engagement, and communication plays an important role in that. Furthermore, flexible working hours have a positive impact on employee performance and job satisfaction.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the business continuity of the Sri Lankan apparel industry: Human resource management (HRM)","authors":"M. Gowsiga, T. Kartheepan","doi":"10.31705/WCS.2022.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.69","url":null,"abstract":"The Sri Lankan apparel industry is having a high demand for exports all over the world and is a leading apparel producer in the South Asian region. It has started to fight for its survival due to the pandemic, Covid-19. It guesses a bracing for a 50% drop in demand by the following one to one and a half years from Covid-19. Thus, the industry is in a position to reinvent itself by forcing itself to live. Thus, business continuity is necessary to proceed with the business without any interruption at this time. Moreover, human resource professionals act a major role to continue the business after the new normal, as handling the main resource of the organisation which is humans. Hence, this study aims to investigate the level of impact and consequences of Covid-19 in the business continuity process of the Sri Lankan apparel industry from the human resource management perspective. Initially, the literature review delivered a theoretical understanding of the research area and three large-scale apparel organisations were selected, a case study research strategy with a quantitative approach. Collected data were analysed using the Likert scale and weighted average manual content analysis. The findings revealed that Training and development help to compensate for the labour shortage, and technology improvements have modified the recruitment pattern. The difficulty of measuring performance has a negative impact on employee engagement; however, job uncertainty and providing satisfactory opportunities for development have increased employee engagement; thus, there is a balance in employee engagement, and communication plays an important role in that. Furthermore, flexible working hours have a positive impact on employee performance and job satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"94 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130341968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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