The concept and influence of untraded inter‐dependencies are under‐explored in the industrial cluster and informal economy literature. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by extending the conventional Cobb‐Douglas production function to operationalising and testing the moderating effects of two forms of untraded inter‐dependencies in informal production. Based on the diffusion theory, we argue that knowledge‐sharing would favour informal production, as opposed to tool‐sharing. Using quantitative methods, 334 informal artisans were randomly sampled from three clusters in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana and analysed data obtained with moderating models and simple slopes plots. The tested models and fuzzy set configurations confirmed that knowledge‐sharing, but not tool‐sharing, has significant interaction effects on informal production. The optimal model derived would be one in which capital interacts with incremental knowledge‐sharing at the existing level of tool‐sharing among the artisans. This paper serves as an extension of new economic geography with an additional factor of untraded inter‐dependencies. As part of post‐COVID restoration and enhancement of informal production processes, we recommend city officials to deliberately plan and space clustered enterprises that enable the observed rates of interactions between production factors and untraded inter‐dependencies.
{"title":"Untraded inter‐dependencies as auxiliary production factors for informal artisans in urban industrial clusters: An empirical study in Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"Godfred Takyi, Francis Enu‐Kwesi, R. Dinye","doi":"10.1111/issj.12526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12526","url":null,"abstract":"The concept and influence of untraded inter‐dependencies are under‐explored in the industrial cluster and informal economy literature. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by extending the conventional Cobb‐Douglas production function to operationalising and testing the moderating effects of two forms of untraded inter‐dependencies in informal production. Based on the diffusion theory, we argue that knowledge‐sharing would favour informal production, as opposed to tool‐sharing. Using quantitative methods, 334 informal artisans were randomly sampled from three clusters in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana and analysed data obtained with moderating models and simple slopes plots. The tested models and fuzzy set configurations confirmed that knowledge‐sharing, but not tool‐sharing, has significant interaction effects on informal production. The optimal model derived would be one in which capital interacts with incremental knowledge‐sharing at the existing level of tool‐sharing among the artisans. This paper serves as an extension of new economic geography with an additional factor of untraded inter‐dependencies. As part of post‐COVID restoration and enhancement of informal production processes, we recommend city officials to deliberately plan and space clustered enterprises that enable the observed rates of interactions between production factors and untraded inter‐dependencies.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to investigate how the presence of diverse governing bodies and local actors with conflicting interests hinders the implementation of early childhood care and education (ECCE) policies, resulting in the exclusion of children from ECCE programmes in the plantation sector, one of the most marginalized social sectors in Sri Lanka. The research employed a qualitative case study design, collecting data through in‐depth interviews (N = 29) and two focus‐group discussions. The thematic analysis revealed that child development outcomes in the estate/plantation sector are at risk primarily due to exclusion of children from ECCE programmes caused by conflicts between local governing bodies and local actors, which impede partnerships for policy implementation. The conflicting interests of diverse governing bodies and local actors at the community level act as a filter through which government‐proposed ECCE programmes are reinterpreted and ultimately rejected. The implications of the present study thus suggest that despite the restraining influence of local governing bodies and local actors, there is a potential for participatory governance that can foster collaboration between government institutions, local‐level governing bodies and local actors.
{"title":"Implementing early childhood care and education policies for marginalized children: The challenge of conflicting interests among diverse governing bodies and local actors in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Udayanga","doi":"10.1111/issj.12524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12524","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate how the presence of diverse governing bodies and local actors with conflicting interests hinders the implementation of early childhood care and education (ECCE) policies, resulting in the exclusion of children from ECCE programmes in the plantation sector, one of the most marginalized social sectors in Sri Lanka. The research employed a qualitative case study design, collecting data through in‐depth interviews (N = 29) and two focus‐group discussions. The thematic analysis revealed that child development outcomes in the estate/plantation sector are at risk primarily due to exclusion of children from ECCE programmes caused by conflicts between local governing bodies and local actors, which impede partnerships for policy implementation. The conflicting interests of diverse governing bodies and local actors at the community level act as a filter through which government‐proposed ECCE programmes are reinterpreted and ultimately rejected. The implications of the present study thus suggest that despite the restraining influence of local governing bodies and local actors, there is a potential for participatory governance that can foster collaboration between government institutions, local‐level governing bodies and local actors.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"84 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many important decisions that people are faced with hold consequences for future generations of humans on Earth. However, it is currently not well understood how people think about the future of all humans on Earth. This study was designed to explore the way people think about the past and future of all of humanity. We investigate people's beliefs about the past and future of all humanity (1000 years) as compared to people's beliefs about the remembered past and predicted future of their own lives (10 years). We found that the trajectory of quality of life is dissociable according to humanity vs individual levels, and that beliefs about the past and future of all humanity are linked to several personality and dispositional traits (neuroticism, conscientiousness, optimism and time orientation) and values/attitudes (current life satisfaction, science and technology and system justification). These findings provide a useful framework to further investigate how people think about the future of all humanity and shed new light on potential correlates to the way the future of humanity is imagined.
{"title":"A new empirical framework to measure beliefs about the future well‐being of all humanity","authors":"Xiaobin Lou, Brian W. Haas","doi":"10.1111/issj.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12522","url":null,"abstract":"Many important decisions that people are faced with hold consequences for future generations of humans on Earth. However, it is currently not well understood how people think about the future of all humans on Earth. This study was designed to explore the way people think about the past and future of all of humanity. We investigate people's beliefs about the past and future of all humanity (1000 years) as compared to people's beliefs about the remembered past and predicted future of their own lives (10 years). We found that the trajectory of quality of life is dissociable according to humanity vs individual levels, and that beliefs about the past and future of all humanity are linked to several personality and dispositional traits (neuroticism, conscientiousness, optimism and time orientation) and values/attitudes (current life satisfaction, science and technology and system justification). These findings provide a useful framework to further investigate how people think about the future of all humanity and shed new light on potential correlates to the way the future of humanity is imagined.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Islamic banking is a financial system that operates in accordance with Islamic principles, prohibiting the payment or receipt of interest (usury) and adhering to Shariah law. In order to ensure ethical and socially responsible financial practices, Islamic banks use profit and loss‐sharing arrangements rather than traditional interest‐based transactions. Islamic banking has gained substantial traction in Malaysia, driven by its alignment with the values of the predominantly Muslim population. However, the adoption of Islamic banking products and services still faces challenges related to consumer preferences and innovation attributes. This study investigates the mediating influence of customer innovativeness in the adoption of Islamic banking within the Malaysian settings. The study gathered responses from 436 respondents in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine customer innovativeness's role in mediating the relationship between relative advantage, compatibility, observability and complexity and the intention to adopt Islamic banking. The study supports the hypotheses that customer innovativeness partially mediates the relationships between relative advantage, compatibility and observability of Islamic banking and the intention to adopt them. However, the study did not provide evidence for the mediation hypothesis concerning the complexity of Islamic banking. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the mediating role of customer innovativeness in Islamic banking adoption, aiding academia's understanding of consumer behaviour. Policymakers can use these insights to promote ethical financial practices, whereas the banking sector can adapt offerings to meet consumer preferences and enhance competitiveness.
{"title":"Customer innovativeness in the adoption of Islamic banking in Malaysia","authors":"M. Latip","doi":"10.1111/issj.12523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12523","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic banking is a financial system that operates in accordance with Islamic principles, prohibiting the payment or receipt of interest (usury) and adhering to Shariah law. In order to ensure ethical and socially responsible financial practices, Islamic banks use profit and loss‐sharing arrangements rather than traditional interest‐based transactions. Islamic banking has gained substantial traction in Malaysia, driven by its alignment with the values of the predominantly Muslim population. However, the adoption of Islamic banking products and services still faces challenges related to consumer preferences and innovation attributes. This study investigates the mediating influence of customer innovativeness in the adoption of Islamic banking within the Malaysian settings. The study gathered responses from 436 respondents in Malaysia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine customer innovativeness's role in mediating the relationship between relative advantage, compatibility, observability and complexity and the intention to adopt Islamic banking. The study supports the hypotheses that customer innovativeness partially mediates the relationships between relative advantage, compatibility and observability of Islamic banking and the intention to adopt them. However, the study did not provide evidence for the mediation hypothesis concerning the complexity of Islamic banking. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the mediating role of customer innovativeness in Islamic banking adoption, aiding academia's understanding of consumer behaviour. Policymakers can use these insights to promote ethical financial practices, whereas the banking sector can adapt offerings to meet consumer preferences and enhance competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food insecurity tends to be more prevalent amid crises. Several households employ various coping strategies to soften the crisis's financial impact and access adequate food for consumption. This study investigates the impact of various coping strategies on household food insecurity in Pakistan. The study endeavours to identify a more effective coping strategy for reducing food insecurity amid an economic crisis. The study uses nationally represented data surveyed to ‘evaluate the socio‐economic impact of a pandemic on the well‐being of people’. We applied the Ordered Logit and Inverse Probability Weighting model to estimate the aftermath of coping strategies on food insecurity levels. The study's findings suggest that a household that used coping strategies amid crisis is a vulnerable household and more likely to have food insecurity status. Moreover, the study suggests that the coping strategies’ extent (quantity) is positively associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. Finally, the study's aftermath suggests that amongst the different coping strategies, the erosive coping strategy has a lower likelihood of incidence of food insecurity than other strategies. However, within the erosive coping strategies, a household sold real estate asset has less likelihood of being food insecure than other erosive coping strategies. Moreover, spending savings or investments and liquidating real estate are crucial in determining the household's food security status amid the crisis. The study's key findings put forth some potential policy implications related to strategies that can hedge against the crisis and promote resilience in the face of food insecurity.
{"title":"Effect of coping strategies on household food insecurity in Pakistan amid global economic crisis","authors":"Mumtaz Anwar, Waqas Shair, Saem Hussain","doi":"10.1111/issj.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12520","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity tends to be more prevalent amid crises. Several households employ various coping strategies to soften the crisis's financial impact and access adequate food for consumption. This study investigates the impact of various coping strategies on household food insecurity in Pakistan. The study endeavours to identify a more effective coping strategy for reducing food insecurity amid an economic crisis. The study uses nationally represented data surveyed to ‘evaluate the socio‐economic impact of a pandemic on the well‐being of people’. We applied the Ordered Logit and Inverse Probability Weighting model to estimate the aftermath of coping strategies on food insecurity levels. The study's findings suggest that a household that used coping strategies amid crisis is a vulnerable household and more likely to have food insecurity status. Moreover, the study suggests that the coping strategies’ extent (quantity) is positively associated with the likelihood of food insecurity. Finally, the study's aftermath suggests that amongst the different coping strategies, the erosive coping strategy has a lower likelihood of incidence of food insecurity than other strategies. However, within the erosive coping strategies, a household sold real estate asset has less likelihood of being food insecure than other erosive coping strategies. Moreover, spending savings or investments and liquidating real estate are crucial in determining the household's food security status amid the crisis. The study's key findings put forth some potential policy implications related to strategies that can hedge against the crisis and promote resilience in the face of food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klenam K. Sedegah, R. Ayisi, Wassiuw Abdul‐Rahaman, W. Baah-Boateng
This study investigates the influence of government expenditure and institutions on public debt accumulation and economic growth in Ghana between 1990 and 2019. The paper examines how public debt is utilized for government spending on capital and recurrent expenditure, and the role bureaucratic quality plays in improving economic growth. The employed estimation technique is structural equation modelling because it effectively assesses complex situations and allows the modelling of complex systems by utilizing simultaneous equations, mediator analysis and modification indices to improve the goodness of fit of a model. The study indicates that public debt negatively affects GDP growth, whereas trade openness positively influences GDP growth and public debt accumulation. Bureaucratic quality impacts GDP growth positively and capital expenditure negatively. Recurrent expenditure positively predicts GDP growth and capital expenditure. Capital expenditure's effect on GDP growth is negative but statistically insignificant. The right checks and balances should be implemented to mitigate rent‐seeking and corrupt activities associated with bureaucracy. Tax revenue mobilization should be improved to reduce budget deficits and borrowing, whereas exports should be promoted through improving local industries. Finally, all infrastructural projects must be completed to serve their purpose.
本研究调查了 1990 年至 2019 年间政府支出和机构对加纳公共债务积累和经济增长的影响。本文探讨了公共债务如何被用于政府的资本支出和经常性支出，以及官僚机构的质量在改善经济增长方面发挥的作用。采用的估算技术是结构方程模型，因为它能有效评估复杂情况，并通过利用同步方程、中介分析和修正指数来提高模型的拟合度，从而建立复杂系统的模型。研究表明，公共债务对国内生产总值的增长有负面影响，而贸易开放度对国内生产总值的增长和公共债务的积累有正面影响。官僚质量对 GDP 增长有正向影响，对资本支出有负向影响。经常性支出对国内生产总值增长和资本支出有正向预测作用。资本支出对国内生产总值增长的影响为负，但在统计上并不显著。应实施正确的制衡措施，以减少与官僚主义相关的寻租和腐败活动。应改善税收动员，以减少预算赤字和借贷，同时应通过改善本地产业来促进出口。最后，必须完成所有基础设施项目，以实现其目的。
{"title":"Investigating institutional and expenditure patterns on debt and economic growth in Ghana","authors":"Klenam K. Sedegah, R. Ayisi, Wassiuw Abdul‐Rahaman, W. Baah-Boateng","doi":"10.1111/issj.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12519","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of government expenditure and institutions on public debt accumulation and economic growth in Ghana between 1990 and 2019. The paper examines how public debt is utilized for government spending on capital and recurrent expenditure, and the role bureaucratic quality plays in improving economic growth. The employed estimation technique is structural equation modelling because it effectively assesses complex situations and allows the modelling of complex systems by utilizing simultaneous equations, mediator analysis and modification indices to improve the goodness of fit of a model. The study indicates that public debt negatively affects GDP growth, whereas trade openness positively influences GDP growth and public debt accumulation. Bureaucratic quality impacts GDP growth positively and capital expenditure negatively. Recurrent expenditure positively predicts GDP growth and capital expenditure. Capital expenditure's effect on GDP growth is negative but statistically insignificant. The right checks and balances should be implemented to mitigate rent‐seeking and corrupt activities associated with bureaucracy. Tax revenue mobilization should be improved to reduce budget deficits and borrowing, whereas exports should be promoted through improving local industries. Finally, all infrastructural projects must be completed to serve their purpose.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What factors contribute to the life satisfaction of indigenous communities residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in south‐eastern Bangladesh? This research delves into this question by examining the impacts of personal security, a key component of human security, on life satisfaction. A survey was undertaken in the CHT, collecting self‐reported data on personal security and life satisfaction from 384 indigenous respondents. Employing both ordinary least squares regressions and Tobit regressions, this study reveals a discernible and statistically significant negative association between personal insecurity and life satisfaction. The findings of this investigation underscore the importance of addressing personal security threats to enhance the well‐being of indigenous populations in the CHT. Policymakers and stakeholders can foster an environment where indigenous communities can survive, thrive and flourish by prioritizing measures to ensure freedom from fear.
{"title":"Freedom from fear and subjective well‐being: Does personal security affect life satisfaction?","authors":"Anurug Chakma","doi":"10.1111/issj.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12514","url":null,"abstract":"What factors contribute to the life satisfaction of indigenous communities residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in south‐eastern Bangladesh? This research delves into this question by examining the impacts of personal security, a key component of human security, on life satisfaction. A survey was undertaken in the CHT, collecting self‐reported data on personal security and life satisfaction from 384 indigenous respondents. Employing both ordinary least squares regressions and Tobit regressions, this study reveals a discernible and statistically significant negative association between personal insecurity and life satisfaction. The findings of this investigation underscore the importance of addressing personal security threats to enhance the well‐being of indigenous populations in the CHT. Policymakers and stakeholders can foster an environment where indigenous communities can survive, thrive and flourish by prioritizing measures to ensure freedom from fear.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global trends show that the civic space is shrinking. Specifically, civic space for Civil Society Organizations draws more attention. The shrinkage is caused by increased authoritarianism and democratic backsliding. Experience shows that advocacy based Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are more affected. The situation in Tanzania is comparable to other parts of the world. However, literature in Tanzania does not establish experiences to characterize the civic space of advocacy NGOs and does not explore the effects of existing civic space on advocacy NGOs. Drawing on Tanzania, this study examines NGOs experience and the effects of civic space on their roles. This study is anchored in interpretivism and case studies, following a qualitative path. Four NGOs and 10 activists were included. Interviews and documentary reviews were used to collect data, and a thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that the civic spaces for advocacy NGOs is changing, unpredictable and contested. There has been negative and positive experiences due to change of political regimes. This causes advocacy NGOs to fail to have long‐term plans, increased fear, loose focus and fail to emerge as strong democratic institutions. NGOs must push for, and the government should accept constitutional, and legal changes to ensure NGOs effective functioning. This specific focus could be extended to other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe, where advocacy NGOs face the same challenges.
{"title":"Civic space and its effects on advocacy Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Tanzania","authors":"Rogers Rugeiyamu, Ajali M. Nguyahambi","doi":"10.1111/issj.12500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12500","url":null,"abstract":"Global trends show that the civic space is shrinking. Specifically, civic space for Civil Society Organizations draws more attention. The shrinkage is caused by increased authoritarianism and democratic backsliding. Experience shows that advocacy based Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are more affected. The situation in Tanzania is comparable to other parts of the world. However, literature in Tanzania does not establish experiences to characterize the civic space of advocacy NGOs and does not explore the effects of existing civic space on advocacy NGOs. Drawing on Tanzania, this study examines NGOs experience and the effects of civic space on their roles. This study is anchored in interpretivism and case studies, following a qualitative path. Four NGOs and 10 activists were included. Interviews and documentary reviews were used to collect data, and a thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that the civic spaces for advocacy NGOs is changing, unpredictable and contested. There has been negative and positive experiences due to change of political regimes. This causes advocacy NGOs to fail to have long‐term plans, increased fear, loose focus and fail to emerge as strong democratic institutions. NGOs must push for, and the government should accept constitutional, and legal changes to ensure NGOs effective functioning. This specific focus could be extended to other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe, where advocacy NGOs face the same challenges.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study intends to empirically evaluate the effects of economic globalization and its components (i.e. trade and financial openness) on unemployment in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries from 1991 to 2020. Further, it considers real GDP per capita (sectoral divisions of income, i.e. agriculture, industry and service sector) and urbanization as control variables in the unemployment function. On the empirical front, this study employs the Panel Dynamic Simulated ARDL model and the Kernel‐Based Regularized Least Squares for long‐run influence estimations. The emanating outcome of these analyses states that economic globalization destroys employment opportunities for low‐income countries as it enhances unemployment in the long run. However, in high‐ and middle‐income countries, economic globalization creates employment, which implies reducing unemployment in the long run. The result also indicates that trade and financial openness destroy employment opportunities in low‐income countries. Although trade openness in middle‐income countries shows the same effect, financial openness does not mimic the same. For high‐income countries, trade openness reduces unemployment, but financial openness fosters it. Therefore, these findings indicate that to keep unemployment at a low level, policies related to the opening up of the economy in terms of factor mobility, offshoring, outsourcing and international trade need to be implemented in low‐income countries. Moreover, a similar consideration is needed for high and middle‐income countries to avoid faraway repercussions on unemployment due to becoming a peripheral country.
{"title":"Economic globalization and unemployment: Evidence from high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries","authors":"Shreya Pal, Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath","doi":"10.1111/issj.12499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12499","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to empirically evaluate the effects of economic globalization and its components (i.e. trade and financial openness) on unemployment in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries from 1991 to 2020. Further, it considers real GDP per capita (sectoral divisions of income, i.e. agriculture, industry and service sector) and urbanization as control variables in the unemployment function. On the empirical front, this study employs the Panel Dynamic Simulated ARDL model and the Kernel‐Based Regularized Least Squares for long‐run influence estimations. The emanating outcome of these analyses states that economic globalization destroys employment opportunities for low‐income countries as it enhances unemployment in the long run. However, in high‐ and middle‐income countries, economic globalization creates employment, which implies reducing unemployment in the long run. The result also indicates that trade and financial openness destroy employment opportunities in low‐income countries. Although trade openness in middle‐income countries shows the same effect, financial openness does not mimic the same. For high‐income countries, trade openness reduces unemployment, but financial openness fosters it. Therefore, these findings indicate that to keep unemployment at a low level, policies related to the opening up of the economy in terms of factor mobility, offshoring, outsourcing and international trade need to be implemented in low‐income countries. Moreover, a similar consideration is needed for high and middle‐income countries to avoid faraway repercussions on unemployment due to becoming a peripheral country.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahwish Zafar, M. F. Bashir, Azaz Ali Ather Bukhari
This study examines the impact of women's empowerment and tourism on poverty in the developing economies of South Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. Current study formulates a vector autoregression (VAR) model to estimate the long‐run association between emerging determinants of poverty reduction. Our empirical findings show that tourism and women's empowerment have significant and negative long‐term associations with poverty in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. Moreover, this study found that women's empowerment is relatively more important in poverty reduction than tourism in South Asia and Africa, whereas in Latin America, tourism has a relatively greater contribution to poverty. Similarly, the results of the vector error‐correction (VECM) Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test indicated unidirectional causality between women's empowerment and poverty, tourism and poverty in South Asia. Similarly, unidirectional causality exists between women's empowerment and poverty in Latin America and Africa. Our econometric discussion helps suggest policy suggestions to overcome the challenges of poverty in developing economies.
{"title":"Women's empowerment and tourism: Emerging determinants of poverty in low and middle‐income countries","authors":"Mahwish Zafar, M. F. Bashir, Azaz Ali Ather Bukhari","doi":"10.1111/issj.12498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12498","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of women's empowerment and tourism on poverty in the developing economies of South Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. Current study formulates a vector autoregression (VAR) model to estimate the long‐run association between emerging determinants of poverty reduction. Our empirical findings show that tourism and women's empowerment have significant and negative long‐term associations with poverty in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. Moreover, this study found that women's empowerment is relatively more important in poverty reduction than tourism in South Asia and Africa, whereas in Latin America, tourism has a relatively greater contribution to poverty. Similarly, the results of the vector error‐correction (VECM) Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test indicated unidirectional causality between women's empowerment and poverty, tourism and poverty in South Asia. Similarly, unidirectional causality exists between women's empowerment and poverty in Latin America and Africa. Our econometric discussion helps suggest policy suggestions to overcome the challenges of poverty in developing economies.","PeriodicalId":35727,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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