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2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)最新文献

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Investigating Inter-NF Dependencies in Cloud-Native 5G Core Networks 研究云原生5G核心网络中nf间依赖关系
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615565
Endri Goshi, M. Jarschel, R. Pries, Mu He, W. Kellerer
The increasing popularity of cloud-native approaches has led to their wide adoption in the telecommunications industry. 5G Core Networks (5GCN) are developed to take advantage of cloud-native design principles, with a high degree of functional decomposition and distributed deployment. This results in implications in inter-Network Function (NF) dependencies that need to be studied. This work focuses on investigating the effect that these dependencies have in how the resources are utilized from the 5GCN NFs. We consider a private cloud environment where a reference 5G Core implementation, namely Free5GC, is deployed and orchestrated with Kubernetes. In addition, a gNB & UE Emulator is developed to allow for the execution of different control plane procedures. Our evaluations highlight the importance of catering for the inter-NF dependencies in achieving efficient resource utilization as well as avoiding deployments where a single NF can bottleneck the entire 5GCN.
云原生方法的日益普及导致了它们在电信行业的广泛采用。5G核心网(5GCN)采用云原生设计原则,具有高度的功能分解和分布式部署。这导致了需要研究的网络间功能(NF)依赖关系的含义。这项工作的重点是调查这些依赖关系对如何利用来自5GCN NFs的资源的影响。我们考虑一个私有云环境,其中一个参考5G核心实现,即Free5GC,与Kubernetes一起部署和编排。此外,还开发了gNB & UE仿真器,以允许执行不同的控制平面程序。我们的评估强调了在实现有效资源利用以及避免单个NF可能瓶颈整个5g网络的部署中,满足NF间依赖关系的重要性。
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引用次数: 6
Caching Video on Demand in Radio Clusters 在无线电集群中缓存视频点播
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615606
Furkan Murat, E. Onur
Densification of mobile networks leads to some problems such as overloaded backhaul and increased latency. Base stations may not always have fiber backhauls. For such cases, radio links are employed between base stations towards a base station that has a high capacity backhaul link. Those set of base stations that are connected to the hub over radio links are called radio clusters. We propose caching in radio clusters for decreasing the video streaming load on radio links. We define an optimization problem to determine the cache locations for video-on-demand segments considering user requirements. We tested our model with different radio cluster configurations concentrating on the size of the radio cluster, the number of users, and the number of demanded videos. Significant gains can be attained by employing the proposed cache placement and replication solution in radio clusters.
移动网络的密集化导致了回程过载和延迟增加等问题。基站可能并不总是有光纤回传。在这种情况下,在基站之间使用无线电链路指向具有高容量回程链路的基站。那些通过无线电链路连接到集线器的基站被称为无线电集群。我们提出在无线电集群中进行缓存,以减少无线电链路上的视频流负载。我们定义了一个优化问题来确定视频点播段的缓存位置,考虑用户需求。我们用不同的无线电集群配置测试了我们的模型,重点关注无线电集群的大小、用户数量和所需视频的数量。通过在无线电集群中采用所提出的缓存放置和复制解决方案,可以获得显著的收益。
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引用次数: 0
A compact 5G Non-Public Network 紧凑型5G非公用网络
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615528
Dániel Ficzere, G. Soós, P. Varga
5G is aimed to play a key role in the digital transformation of the smart manufacturing industry. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced technical features for Non-Public Networks (NPN), allowing highly flexible and dedicated 5G deployments for Industry 4.0 applications. This paper presents insights into the main challenges of 5G NPNs and how we created a portable and compact 5G NPN solution. Our contribution is twofold: (i) we have identified the main concepts for the NPN and designed its architecture; (ii) we have implemented and validated it. This NPN can operate simply with mains electricity input, independently from the public network and public services of the MNO. Such a solution can be an excellent candidate for research purposes due to the very easy deployment, but it is also suitable for commercial, industrial usage.
5G旨在在智能制造业的数字化转型中发挥关键作用。第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)引入了非公共网络(NPN)的技术特性,为工业4.0应用提供了高度灵活和专用的5G部署。本文介绍了5G NPN的主要挑战,以及我们如何创建便携式紧凑的5G NPN解决方案。我们的贡献是双重的:(i)我们确定了NPN的主要概念并设计了其架构;(ii)我们已经实施和验证了它。该NPN可以简单地使用市电输入,独立于移动运营商的公共网络和公共服务。由于非常容易部署,这种解决方案可以作为研究目的的优秀候选,但它也适用于商业,工业用途。
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引用次数: 1
An experimentation environment for SDN-based autonomous vehicles in smart cities 智能城市中基于sdn的自动驾驶汽车的实验环境
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615509
A. Papadakis, T. Theodorou, L. Mamatas, S. Petridou
The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) in conjunction with Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have increased the complexity of network administration and control. In this context, recent proposals bring together Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) with AVs practices, i.e., introducing innovative network control strategies bespoke for smart city infrastructures. However, an experimentation environment that combines the realism of an AVs ecosystem with the SDN network paradigm is a necessity, facilitating the investigation of particular research issues, including efficient data management and routing, as well as security. In this demo, we introduce a relevant facility that builds-up on novel open environments for hands-on experimentation, namely: (i) CARLA, an open realistic urban-driving simulator; (ii) Cooja, a state-of-the-art emulator for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); and (iii) SD-MIoT, a novel SDN solution for mobile IoT. Our experimentation exercise currently focuses on maintaining connectivity of AVs to the fixed infrastructure, e.g., Road Side Units (RSUs), with SDN strategies. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed experimentation environment with proof-of-concept results on packet delivery ratio and control overhead, quantifying the efficiency of the considered SDN approach to maintain AV connectivity, as well as with a video visualizing the outcome of our experiments.
新兴的物联网(IoT)与自动驾驶汽车(AVs)相结合,增加了网络管理和控制的复杂性。在这种背景下,最近的建议将软件定义网络(sdn)与自动驾驶实践结合在一起,即引入针对智慧城市基础设施定制的创新网络控制策略。然而,将自动驾驶生态系统的现实主义与SDN网络范例相结合的实验环境是必要的,这有助于对特定研究问题的调查,包括有效的数据管理和路由,以及安全性。在这个演示中,我们介绍了一个相关的设施,它建立在新颖的开放环境中进行动手实验,即:(i) CARLA,一个开放的现实城市驾驶模拟器;Cooja,最先进的无线传感器网络模拟器;(iii)针对移动物联网的新型SDN解决方案SD-MIoT。我们目前的实验主要集中在通过SDN策略保持自动驾驶汽车与固定基础设施的连接,例如路边单元(rsu)。我们通过分组传输率和控制开销的概念验证结果证明了所提出的实验环境的能力,量化了所考虑的SDN方法保持AV连接的效率,以及视频可视化我们的实验结果。
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引用次数: 1
An Intent-Driven Orchestration of Cognitive Autonomous Networks for RAN management 一种用于RAN管理的认知自治网络的意图驱动编排
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615505
Anubhab Banerjee, Stephen S. Mwanje, G. Carle
Intent Based Networks (IBNs) are mainly used to transform a user's intent into network configuration, operation, and maintenance strategies. In this paper we propose an a generic end-to-end design of an intent based network management system which we further customize to use in RAN control parameter and KPI management utilizing an existing technology (Cognitive Autonomous Network (CAN)). We introduce three new concepts in intent based network management: intent specification platform (ISP), formal intent and Intent Fulfillment System (IFS), which are not only relevant for this specific use case but can also be used by other network components. We discuss how our proposed solution can be implemented in Python as a standalone module so that it can be used with suitable networking simulators. Along with these, we also provide an overview of standardization impact of our research to show that it conforms with the worldwide mobile network management standardization efforts.
基于意图的网络(IBNs)主要用于将用户的意图转化为网络的配置、运维策略。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于意图的网络管理系统的通用端到端设计,我们进一步定制该系统,以便利用现有技术(认知自治网络(CAN))在RAN控制参数和KPI管理中使用。我们在基于意图的网络管理中引入了三个新概念:意图规范平台(ISP)、正式意图和意图实现系统(IFS),它们不仅与这个特定的用例相关,而且还可以被其他网络组件使用。我们讨论了如何将我们提出的解决方案作为独立模块在Python中实现,以便它可以与合适的网络模拟器一起使用。除此之外,我们还概述了我们的研究对标准化的影响,以表明它符合全球移动网络管理标准化工作。
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引用次数: 6
Reoptimizing Network Slice Embedding on EON-enabled Transport Networks 在eon传输网络上重新优化网络切片嵌入
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615515
Sepehr Taeb, Nashid Shahriar, Samir Chowdhury, M. Tornatore, R. Boutaba, J. Mitra, Mahdi Hemmati
5G transport networks will support dynamic services with diverse requirements through network slicing. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) facilitate transport network slicing by flexible spectrum allocation and tuning of transmission configurations such as modulation format and forward error correction. A major challenge in supporting dynamic services is the lack of a priori knowledge of future slice requests. In consequence, slice embedding can become sub-optimal over time, leading to spectrum fragmentation and skewed utilization. This in turn can block future slice requests, impacting operator revenue. Therefore, operators need to periodically re-optimize slice embedding for reducing fragmentation. In this paper, we address this problem of re-optimizing network slice embedding on EONs for minimizing fragmentation. The problem is solved in its splittable version, which significantly increases problem complexity, but offers more opportunities for a larger set of re-configuration actions. We employ simulated annealing for systematically exploring the large solution space. We also propose a greedy algorithm to address the practical constraint to limit the number of re-configuration steps taken to reach a defragmentated state. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that the greedy algorithm yields a solution very close to that obtained using simulated annealing while requiring orders of magnitude lesser number of re-configuration actions.
5G传输网络将通过网络切片支持多样化需求的动态业务。弹性光网络(EONs)通过灵活的频谱分配和调制格式、前向纠错等传输配置的调整,促进了传输网络的切片。支持动态服务的一个主要挑战是缺乏对未来切片请求的先验知识。因此,随着时间的推移,切片嵌入可能会变得次优,导致频谱碎片化和扭曲的利用率。这反过来又会阻止未来的切片请求,影响运营商的收入。因此,运营商需要定期重新优化切片嵌入,以减少碎片。在本文中,我们解决了在eon上重新优化网络切片嵌入以最小化碎片的问题。问题以其可分割的版本解决,这大大增加了问题的复杂性,但为更大的重新配置操作集提供了更多机会。我们采用模拟退火来系统地探索大解空间。我们还提出了一种贪婪算法来解决实际约束,以限制达到碎片整理状态所采取的重新配置步骤的数量。我们的大量模拟表明,贪婪算法产生的解决方案非常接近使用模拟退火获得的解决方案,而需要的重新配置动作的数量要少几个数量级。
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引用次数: 2
Figure of Merit for a Multi-Generation Network 多代网络的优值图
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615600
D. Ramsook, Daniel Mahatoo, Patrick Hosein
Many Telecommunications providers now support multiple generations of wireless standards in their network. For example, some providers simultaneously support 2G, 3G, 4G and even 5G standards. Upper management generally need a high level view of the performance being provided to consumers on a regular basis. In addition, engineers need to monitor the health of each technology in order to determine problems and be able to react quickly. We provide a framework for determination of a single Figure of Merit (FoM) that can be used for high level monitoring while at the same time providing sufficiently valuable low level indicators to assist with the isolation and detection of problems. We illustrate this framework using data from a real cellular network.
许多电信供应商现在在他们的网络中支持多代无线标准。例如,一些运营商同时支持2G、3G、4G甚至5G标准。高层管理人员通常需要对定期提供给消费者的性能有一个高层次的了解。此外,工程师需要监控每项技术的运行状况,以便确定问题并能够快速做出反应。我们提供了一个框架,用于确定单个性能指标(FoM),该指标可用于高层监测,同时提供足够有价值的低层指标,以帮助隔离和检测问题。我们使用来自真实蜂窝网络的数据来说明该框架。
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引用次数: 0
How are your Apps Doing? QoE Inference and Analysis in Mobile Devices 你的应用运行情况如何?移动设备QoE推理与分析
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615549
Nikolas Wehner, Michael Seufert, Joshua Schüler, P. Casas, T. Hossfeld
Web browsing has become the most important application of the Internet for the end user. When it comes to mobile devices, web services are mainly accessed through apps. This paper tackles the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) in mobile devices, with a specific focus on apps QoE monitoring and analysis, using in-network (encrypted) traffic measurements. Measuring apps QoE is complex, not only from an instrumentation point of view, but also from the heterogeneity of user interactions which might realize substantially different user experience. To this end, we conduct a feasibility study on four specific and popular Android apps and their corresponding web services. Our test automation framework emulates and measures different user interactions commonly executed during an app session, including the app startup, clicking, scrolling, and searching. The resulting traffic is characterized on different dimensions, and machine learning models are trained to identify web services, apps, and user interactions, and to infer their QoE. The proposed models can correctly identify the specific web service and app in 86% of the cases and accurately estimate the associated QoE with small errors. Our preliminary study represents a first step towards an in-network, web QoE monitoring solution for mobile-device apps.
网页浏览已经成为终端用户使用Internet最重要的应用。在移动设备上,web服务主要是通过应用程序访问的。本文解决了移动设备中的Web体验质量(QoE)问题,特别关注应用程序的QoE监控和分析,使用网络内(加密)流量测量。衡量应用的QoE是很复杂的,不仅从工具的角度来看,而且从用户交互的异质性来看,这可能会实现截然不同的用户体验。为此,我们对四个特定且流行的Android应用程序及其相应的web服务进行了可行性研究。我们的测试自动化框架模拟和测量在应用程序会话期间通常执行的不同用户交互,包括应用程序启动、点击、滚动和搜索。由此产生的流量在不同的维度上被表征,机器学习模型被训练来识别web服务、应用程序和用户交互,并推断它们的QoE。所提出的模型可以在86%的情况下正确识别特定的web服务和应用程序,并准确地估计相关的QoE,误差很小。我们的初步研究是迈向移动设备应用的网络内、网络QoE监控解决方案的第一步。
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引用次数: 2
Network Slicing for Deterministic Latency 确定性延迟的网络切片
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615576
Sébastien Martin, P. Medagliani, Jérémie Leguay
Deterministic performance is a key enabler for 5G applications. While specific data-plane solutions have been proposed to reach a low deterministic end-to-end latency and jitter, legacy round-robin schedulers can already be used to guarantee bounds on the end-to-end latency, when associated with per-flow shapers. In this context, we propose a latency-guaranteed network slicing solution that trades-off between complexity and performance. We propose control plane algorithms to configure sub-channelized interfaces with an independent QoS scheduler at each physical port used by a slice. The algorithms allocate service rates and decide about queue assignments and routing inside each slice. Through numerical results on large network topologies, we demonstrate that our column-generation and two-steps algorithms can improve traffic acceptance while reducing the amount of reserved capacity.
确定性性能是5G应用的关键推动因素。虽然已经提出了特定的数据平面解决方案来达到低确定性的端到端延迟和抖动,但传统的循环调度程序已经可以用于保证端到端延迟的界限,当与每个流形状器相关联时。在这种情况下,我们提出了一个延迟保证的网络切片解决方案,在复杂性和性能之间进行权衡。我们提出了控制平面算法来配置子信道化接口,并在切片使用的每个物理端口上使用独立的QoS调度器。这些算法分配服务速率,并决定每个片内的队列分配和路由。通过大型网络拓扑上的数值结果,我们证明了我们的列生成和两步算法可以在减少预留容量的同时提高流量接受度。
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引用次数: 4
A Zero Touch Emulation Framework for Network Slicing Management in a 5G Core Testbed 5G核心试验台网络切片管理的零接触仿真框架
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.23919/CNSM52442.2021.9615531
Shwetha Vittal, Sourav Sarkar, Prashanth P S, Antony Franklin A
Network slicing is one of the core features of the 5G network to meet the requirements of various network services, namely, enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) by building an isolated virtual network of resources typically in a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) environment. We have built a 3GPP compliant 5G Core (5GC) testbed and enabled network slicing on it to provide eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC services to end users. In this demonstration, we showcase the capabilities of our zero-touch framework of 5GC network slicing management and orchestration in an NFV environment with the network functions of 5GC and the applications on eMBB and uRLLC slice services. We believe that this work will guide Mobile Network Operator (MNO)s in building zero-touch autonomous network slices in 5GC along with their smart management and orchestration in closed loop automation.
网络切片是5G网络的核心特性之一,通过构建一个典型的NFV (Network Function Virtualization)环境下的资源隔离虚拟网络,满足增强移动宽带(eMBB)、超可靠低延迟通信(uRLLC)和大规模机器类型通信(mMTC)等多种网络业务的需求。我们构建了一个符合3GPP标准的5G核心(5GC)测试平台,并在其上启用了网络切片,为最终用户提供eMBB、uRLLC和mMTC服务。在这个演示中,我们展示了我们的零接触框架在NFV环境下的5GC网络切片管理和编排的能力,以及5GC的网络功能和eMBB和uRLLC切片服务上的应用程序。我们相信这项工作将指导移动网络运营商(MNO)在5GC中构建零接触自主网络切片,并在闭环自动化中进行智能管理和编排。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)
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