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Electrical resistivity surveys of anthropogenic karst phenomena, southeastern New Mexico 新墨西哥州东南部人为岩溶现象的电阻率调查
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v34n4.117
G. Veni, Pecos River, Lake Avalon
A small but significant number of sinkholes and other karst phenomena in southeastern New Mexico are of human origin and are often associated with solution mining of salt beds in the shallow subsurface. In 2008 two brine wells in a sparsely populated area of northern Eddy County, New Mexico, abruptly collapsed as a result of solution mining operations. The well operators had been injecting fresh water into underlying salt beds and pumping out brine for use as oil field drilling fluid. A third brine well within the city limits of Carlsbad, New Mexico, has been shut down to forestall possible sinkhole development in this more densely populated area. Electrical resistivity surveys conducted over the site of the brine well confirm the presence of a large, brine-filled cavity beneath the we0llhead. Laterally extensive zones of low resistivity beneath the well site represent either open cavities and conduits caused by solution mining or highly fractured and/or brecciated, brine-saturated intervals that may have formed by sagging and collapse into underlying cavities. The data also indicate that significant upward stoping has occurred into overlying strata.
在新墨西哥州东南部,为数不多但意义重大的天坑和其他喀斯特现象是人为造成的,通常与浅层地下盐层的溶剂型开采有关。2008年,在新墨西哥州艾迪县北部人口稀少的地区,由于溶液采矿作业,两口盐水井突然坍塌。作业者一直在向盐层注入淡水,并抽出盐水作为油田钻井液。新墨西哥州卡尔斯巴德市范围内的第三口盐水井已经关闭,以防止在这个人口更密集的地区可能出现的天坑发展。在盐水井现场进行的电阻率调查证实,在井口下方存在一个巨大的充满盐水的空洞。井场下方横向扩展的低电阻率带,要么是由溶液开采引起的开阔腔体和导管,要么是由于凹陷和塌陷而形成的高度断裂和/或角化的含盐水饱和层。数据还表明,上覆岩层出现了明显的向上回采。
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引用次数: 12
Evolution of the Late Cretaceous oyster genus Cameleolopha Vyalov 1936 in central New Mexico 新墨西哥中部晚白垩世牡蛎属Cameleolopha Vyalov的进化
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v34n3.76
S. Hook, W. A. Cobban, T. Ranch, L. Vegas, S. Fe, Bull Gap Canyon, White Oaks Canyon
A stratigraphic sequence of middle Turonian rocks, 35 ft (11 m) thick, in Lincoln County, New Mexico, contains a record of oyster evolution unique in the Western Interior. There, four stratigraphically distinct species of the ribbed oyster Cameleolopha show clearly the morphological changes that led from a freelying ancestral species to the attached oyster that marks the end of the lineage. The oldest species, referred to C. aff. C. bellaplicata, is a small, densely ribbed, planar morpho-type that is confined to the Prionocyclus hyatti Zone. It gives rise through a transitional form to the medium-sized, more coarsely ribbed, planoconvex C. bellaplicata. Cameleolopha bellaplicata is an important guide fossil in the Four Corners states and Texas to the upper part of the P. hyatti Zone through the middle part of the overlying P. macombi Zone. Cameleolopha bellaplicata gives rise to C. lugubris through a reduction in size, an increase in rib density, and a change in mode of life from free lying to attached, but not encrusting. Cameleolopha lugubris, which has the greatest geographic range of the group, is a well-known guide fossil throughout the Western Interior to the upper part of the P. macombi Zone through at least the overlying P. wyomingensis Zone.
在新墨西哥州林肯县,一组35英尺(11米)厚的中Turonian地层序列包含了西部内陆独特的牡蛎进化记录。在那里,四种不同地层学的有肋牡蛎Cameleolopha清楚地显示了形态变化,从一个自由的祖先物种到附着的牡蛎,标志着谱系的终结。最古老的种,被称为C. aff. C. bellaplicata,是一种小的,密肋的平面形态型,局限于Prionocyclus hyatti带。它通过过渡形式产生中型,更粗的肋,平凸的C. bellaplicata。Cameleolopha bellaplicata是美国四角州和德克萨斯州通过上覆的P. macombi带中部到达P. hyatti带上部的重要指导性化石。Cameleolopha bellaplicata通过缩小尺寸,增加肋骨密度和改变生活方式从自由躺着到附着而不是结壳而产生C. lugubris。Cameleolopha lugubris是该类群中地理分布范围最大的化石,是一个著名的向导化石,从西部内陆到P. macombi带的上部,至少穿过上面的P. wyomingensis带。
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引用次数: 5
Terrain factors in Capitan recharge, northeastern Guadalupe escarpment, New Mexico 新墨西哥州瓜达卢佩悬崖东北部Capitan补给的地形因素
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v34n1.15
S. Rice-Snow, James R. Goodbar
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引用次数: 0
100 years of volcano monitoring in the United States 美国100年来的火山监测
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v34n1.14
J. Love
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引用次数: 0
New optical age of the Mescalero sand sheet, southeastern New Mexico 新墨西哥州东南部梅斯卡莱罗沙地的新光学时代
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n1.9
S. Hall, R. Goble
The Mescalero sand sheet that covers most of the Mescalero Plain is formed by two eolian sand bodies, the Lower and Upper units. New and revised OSL ages indicate that the Lower unit accumulated 90–50 ka and the Upper unit was deposited 18–5 ka. Both eolian units are dominated by massive, well-sorted, fine quartz sand. The Lower sand directly overlies the eroded surface of the calcic Mescalero paleosol. The top of the Lower sand incorporates the Berino paleosol, a red argillic soil that formed on the sand sheet during the comparatively wet and cool environment of the late Wisconsinan. The Lower sand and the Berino paleosol are buried by the Upper eolian sand. An unnamed Bw paleosol at the top of the Upper sand formed during the past 5 ka. Locally, archaeological sites younger than 3,000 b.c. are on the surface, whereas older sites are buried within the Upper sand. During the twentieth century, the shrub grassland vegetation of the Mescalero sand sheet was disturbed, leading to the formation of many coppice and parabolic dunes.
覆盖大部分梅斯卡莱罗平原的梅斯卡莱罗砂片是由两个风成砂体组成的,即下砂体和上砂体。新的和修正的OSL年龄表明,下部单元的沉积时间为90 ~ 50 ka,上部单元的沉积时间为18 ~ 5 ka。两个风成单元均以块状、分选良好的细石英砂为主。下层的沙子直接覆盖在梅斯卡莱罗钙质古土壤的侵蚀表面。下层沙子的顶部包含了贝里诺古土壤,这是一种红色的粘土,在威斯康星州晚期相对潮湿和凉爽的环境中形成于沙片上。下沙和贝里诺古土壤被上风成沙所掩埋。一个未命名的Bw古土壤在过去的5ka形成于上部砂的顶部。在当地,公元前3000年以前的考古遗址在地表上,而更古老的遗址则埋在上层的沙子里。在20世纪,梅斯卡莱罗沙地的灌木草原植被受到干扰,导致许多灌木和抛物沙丘的形成。
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引用次数: 13
In memory of William R. Muehlberger 纪念威廉·r·米尔伯格
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n4.126
P. Bauer
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引用次数: 0
Paleomagnetic and geochemical data from the late Miocene Lobato Formation adjacent to the Santa Clara fault system, Chili quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico 新墨西哥州Arriba县里约热内卢Chili quadrangle Santa Clara断裂系统附近晚中新世Lobato组古地磁和地球化学资料
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n2.27
M. Petronis, J. Lindline
New paleomagnetic and petrologic data from late Miocene volcanic rocks in the northern Espanola Basin of north-central New Mexico help constrain the late Tertiary tectonic history and landscape development of the area. We studied a 100-m-thick (328-ft-thick) section of the ~ 10 Ma Lobato Formation in Arroyo de la Plaza Larga, an east-trending drainage in the northeastern Jemez Mountains. The Lobato Formation represents some of the earliest precaldera mafic volcanism associated with the Jemez Mountain volcanic field and coincides with an episode of crustal extension in the Espanola Basin. At Arroyo de la Plaza Larga, Lobato Formation flows are subhorizontal for nearly 2 km (1.25 mi) southeast from their eruptive source in the Cerro Roman volcanic center. These flows take on a monoclinal geometry with an apparent northeast-trending fold axis where they flow over an erosional escarpment adjacent to the Santa Clara fault, a prominent northeast-striking structure along the western part of the Espanola Basin. Here we show that the apparent monocline is not of a structural origin but formed due to lava flow emplacement down an escarpment formed by displacement along the Santa Clara fault. One hundred thirty-four oriented samples were collected for paleomagnetic analysis from 16 sites from the hinge zone and east limb of the apparent monocline. Paleomagnetic data reveal a single-component magnetization that decays to the origin with less than 10% of the natural remanent magnetization remaining after treatment in 120 mT fields. In situ results from sites located in the hinge zone and those from the east fold limb yield statistically indistinguishable remanence directions. Following structural correction, based on the strike and dip of the individual flows, the dispersion between the two data sets increased, indicating failure of the fold test at the 95% confidence level. We argue that the Lobato Formation basalts from Cerro Roman were emplaced into a paleovalley of considerable relief adjacent to the Santa Clara fault and that during the late Miocene, it was an active structure that influenced the topography and drainage systems of the western margin of the Rio Grande rift.
新墨西哥州中北部Espanola盆地北部晚中新世火山岩的古地磁和岩石学新资料有助于约束该地区晚第三纪构造历史和景观发育。我们研究了Arroyo de la Plaza Larga的~ 10 Ma Lobato组100米厚(328英尺厚)的剖面,这是Jemez山脉东北部的一个东向流域。Lobato组代表了一些与Jemez山火山场有关的最早的前火山口基性火山活动,并与Espanola盆地的地壳伸展时期相吻合。在Arroyo de la Plaza Larga, Lobato地层流在距离Cerro Roman火山中心的喷发源东南近2公里(1.25英里)处处于亚水平状态。这些流呈单斜几何形状,有一个明显的东北走向的褶皱轴,在那里它们流过靠近圣克拉拉断层的侵蚀悬崖,圣克拉拉断层是沿着埃斯帕诺拉盆地西部的一个突出的东北走向的构造。在这里,我们表明明显的单斜不是构造起源,而是由于沿着圣克拉拉断层位移形成的悬崖上的熔岩流侵位而形成的。在表观单斜的接合带和东翼的16个地点采集了134个定向样品进行了古地磁分析。古地磁数据显示,在120 mT磁场中,单分量磁化强度衰减到原点,处理后剩余自然磁化强度不到10%。来自铰链区的原位结果和来自东褶皱翼的原位结果在统计上无法区分残余方向。在结构修正之后,基于单个流的走向和倾角,两个数据集之间的离散度增加,表明95%置信水平下的褶皱测试失败。我们认为,Cerro Roman的Lobato组玄武岩被安置在圣克拉拉断层附近的一个相当起伏的古山谷中,在晚中新世,它是一个活动构造,影响了里约热内卢大裂谷西缘的地形和排水系统。
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引用次数: 3
Gallery of Geology - The basalt of Broken Tank: an aphyric, ophitic basalt of the Rio Grande rift 地质画廊-破槽玄武岩:里约热内卢大裂谷的一种玄武岩
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n2.40
R. Chamberlin
The photomicrograph below was made from a thin section of the “basalt of Broken Tank” (Chamberlin et al. 2002), a distinctive aphyric ophitic basalt in the Socorro, New Mexico, region of the Rio Grande rift. Geologic and chronologic data indicate the basalt of Broken Tank was erupted onto a gravelly piedmont slope near San Antonio about 8.5 m.y. ago and then flowed 12 mi northward into an intermittent lake basin (playa) near Socorro. Where interbedded in playa muds, the same 8.5 Ma ophitic basalt was initially called the “basalt of Bear Canyon” (Osburn and Chapin 1983), a formation name now abandoned (Chamberlin et al. 2002).
下面的显微照片是用“破槽玄武岩”(Chamberlin et al. 2002)的薄片制成的,这是新墨西哥州索科罗(Socorro)地区里约热内卢大裂谷地区的一种独特的葡萄酸玄武岩。地质和年代学数据表明,大约8.5英里前,Broken Tank的玄武岩在圣安东尼奥附近的山前斜坡上爆发,然后向北流12英里,流入索科罗附近的一个间歇湖盆(playa)。8.5 Ma的蛇伏玄武岩最初被称为“熊峡谷玄武岩”(Osburn and Chapin 1983),这一地层名称现在已被废弃(Chamberlin et al. 2002)。
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引用次数: 0
Geomorphology, hydrology, and alluvial stratigraphy in lower Chaco Canyon do not support the possible existence of prehistoric sand-dammed ephemeral lakes 查科峡谷下游的地貌、水文和冲积地层学都不支持史前沙坝短暂湖泊存在的可能性
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n4.107
D. Love, M. Gillam, L. Benson, R. Friedman, P. Miller, K. Vincent
Sand dunes 1–5 m high accumulate on the downwind side of the confluence where Chaco Wash and Escavada Wash form the broad, braided, sandy Chaco River at the northwest end of Chaco Canyon. Sand dunes derived by reworking channel sands are common next to the river and washes. Recently Force et al. (2002) and Force (2004) proposed that a similar set of sand dunes dammed Chaco Wash during Pueblo II occupation (a.d. 900–1150) of Chaco Canyon, forming a small lake. The dynamic geomorphology of the sand dunes and canyon floor, the hydrology of Chaco Wash, and stratigraphic analyses of the locality where lake beds were thought to exist all nullify the hypothesis. The sand dunes at the canyon mouth and nearby have changed in historic time, so it is likely that the configuration of dunes has changed during the past thousand years. To create a set of dunes across the entire mouth of Chaco Canyon requires that sand be trans
1-5米高的沙丘积聚在查科沃什和埃斯卡瓦达沃什汇合处的下风侧,在查科峡谷的西北端形成了宽阔、辫状、多沙的查科河。河道砂改造后形成的沙丘在河流和冲洗区附近很常见。最近Force et al.(2002)和Force(2004)提出,在普韦布洛II占领查科峡谷期间(公元900-1150年),一组类似的沙丘阻塞了查科沃什,形成了一个小湖泊。沙丘和峡谷底的动态地形学、查科沃什的水文学以及对湖床被认为存在的地方的地层学分析都否定了这一假设。峡谷口及附近的沙丘在历史上发生了变化,因此在过去的几千年里,沙丘的形态很可能发生了变化。为了在查科峡谷的整个河口形成一组沙丘,需要将沙子进行平移
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引用次数: 12
Gallery of Geology - Cretaceous fossil fish from New Mexico? 地质画廊-新墨西哥州白垩纪鱼类化石?
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.58799/nmg-v33n4.124
S. Lucas, Robert N. Sullivan
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引用次数: 0
期刊
New Mexico Geology
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